The effect of zeolite applications on yield components and nutrient uptake of common bean under water stress

In this study, the effects of different zeolite doses (Z₀:0, Z₃:30, Z₆:60, Z₉:90, and Z₁₂:120 t ha^?1) and water levels (I₅₀: 0.50, I₇₅: 0.75, and I₁₀₀:1.00) on yield, quality, and nutrient absorption of common bean were evaluated under arid conditions in Karapinar Konya, Turkey, in 2011 and 2012. The experiment was carried out in a split-plot design with three replications. The results showed that in each treatment different doses of zeolite together with changes in the rate of irrigation levels effected yield and yield components. Water use efficiency was also affected by zeolite and irrigation treatments. The highest yields, 4777 and 4114 kg ha^?1, respectively, were obtained from the Z₉I₁₀₀ application in 2011 and 2012. During the experimental years, water consumptions at the same treatment were determined 451 and 468 mm, respectively. In addition to this, zeolite treatments affected the contents of N, K, Zn, Mn, and Cu in leaf samples (p < 0.05). These nutrient levels increased with raising zeolite doses.     

LED补光对水稻秧苗素质及其生理特征和产量的影响

采用发光二极管(light-emitting diode,LED)精确调制光谱能量,研究不同光质对水稻秧苗素质(株高、根长和鲜干重)和生理特征(内源激素、抗氧化酶、可溶性蛋白和丙二醛)的影响,探讨生理特征与秧苗素质和补光移栽后产量的耦合关系.水稻秧苗分别在5种光质下进行补光照射:R(100％红光),B(100％蓝光),...     

Sesame (Sesame indicum L.) biochemical and physiological responses as affected by applying chemical,biological, and nano-fertilizers in field water stress conditions

Abstract

Co-application of nano, chemical, and biological fertilizers has been recommended to increase quality and quantity of plants in sustainable production systems. Field experiments (factorial split plot experiment based on completely randomized block design) were conducted during two consecutive years to investigate the effect of nitrogen (nitroxin, urea, and nitroxin + 50% urea) and potassium (without fertilizer, soil and foliar application of potassium nano-chelate, and potassium dioxide) forms on grain yield, physiological traits, oil content, and fatty acids composition of sesame under water stress conditions (normal irrigation, irrigation up to 50% seed ripening and flowering (mild and severe stresses, respectively). Severe water stress was caused decreasing chlorophyll content, grain yield (25.4%), seed oil content (2.87%), and unsaturated fatty acid content, while it increased catalase and peroxidase activities, total carbohydrate, and saturated fatty acids content in compared to the control. As shown, the grain yield in the second year was more than the amount in the first year. The highest grain yield was achieved in co-application of 50% urea and nitroxin in combined with potassium dioxide under normal irrigation during the second year, which showed an increase of 42%, compared to the control treatment. Application of potassium fertilizer (nano or chemical) increased unsaturated fatty acids content in compared to the control treatment. While non-application of fertilizer had the highest saturated fatty acids content. Finally, the co-application of potassium fertilizer (nano or chemical forms) with nitrogen fertilizer (nitroxin + 50% urea) could alleviate the adverse effects of water stress on the studied traits.     

秸秆覆盖条件下水分亏缺对春青稞水分利用和产量的影响

提高水分利用效率对发展西藏高海拔地区节水农业至关重要。该文通过小区试验,研究了秸秆覆盖条件下春青稞不同生育期对水分亏缺程度的响应。试验处理包括全生育期充分灌溉处理(对照)以及苗期、拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期和成熟期水分亏缺处理。结果表明,水分亏缺处理显著降低了春青稞耗水量和耗水强度(P0.05),且其减小程度随着亏缺程度的增加而增大。灌浆期水分亏缺对全生育期作物耗水量的影响最大,其轻、重度水分亏缺处理分别减少全生育期耗水量19.6%和24.2%;在水分亏缺处理下春青稞产量差异不显著。在试验条件下,不同水分亏缺没有导致减产,而水分利用效率提高4.64%~21.85%,节水4.96%~24.24%。当土壤水分下限控制在55%田间持水率时,对春青稞产量及构成没有产生显著不良影响且获得了较高的节水率,表明在西藏高海拔半干旱寒区,可以通过秸秆覆盖农田管理措施,使春青稞获得更大的节水空间。     

Yield and yield components of white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars affected by boric acid rates and methods of application

To investigate the effect of boric acid on yield and yield components of three white bean cultivars consisted of Jules, G11867, and Shekoofa, a 2-year field split-plot experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2013 and 2014. Boron treatments consisted of 1 – control (no boric acid), 2 and 3 – application of 2 and 4?kg ha^?1 of boric acid by irrigation water, respectively, 4 and 5 – foliar spray of 0.025% and 0.05% of boric acid solutions, respectively, and 6 – combination of 2?kg ha^?1 of boric acid in irrigation water?+?foliar spray by 0.025% boric acid solution. Boron application significantly increased yield and its components in respect to control. The highest grain yields of all cultivars were obtained from application of 2?kg ha^?1 boric acid mixed in irrigation water?+?foliar spray by 0.025% of boric acid solution.     

Effect of seed and foliar application of nano-zinc oxide,zinc chelate,and zinc sulphate rates on yield and growth of pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars

Nanofertilizers have received considerable attention due to their increased uptake by plants. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and also different zinc (Zn) fertilizers (Zn sulfate, Zn chelate) on vegetative and yield traits of two pinto bean cultivars “KS21191” and “KS21193”. This experiment was a factorial based on completely randomized design with 24 treatments (three fertilizer applications and eight levels of Zn fertilizer). The results showed that twice foliar application compared to seed application and once foliar application improved growth and yield characteristics of both pinto bean cultivars. Also, compared to control treatment, zinc nanofertilizers improved vegetative characteristics (such as plant height, internode length, root and shoot dry, and fresh weight), yield (pods number and seed weight) and quality (zinc content in seed) of both pinto bean cultivars. Among the zinc fertilizer treatments, 0.10% and 0.15% of ZnO nanoparticles were as a superior treatment.     

水氮耦合对红小豆根系生理生态及产量的影响

采用盆栽称重全生育期控水法研究了不同水分(干旱胁迫与正常灌水)和施氮(纯氮用量分别为0 g·kg?1、0.1 g·kg?1、0.3 g·kg?1)组合处理对红小豆根系生理生态指标及产量的影响,为红小豆在黄土高原高产优质栽培提供理论依据。结果表明:1)在干旱胁迫条件下,红小豆苗期株高、茎粗、地上部干重、总根长、根表面积、根系体积、根系平均直径、最大根长、根系干重、壮苗指数、根系可溶性蛋白质含量,开花结荚期净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度以及成熟期豆荚横径、单荚重、单荚粒数、百粒重均随施氮量的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,除根表面积和荚横径外,0.1 g·kg?1施氮处理各指标均显著高于其他处理;根系SOD和POD活性随施氮量的增加而增加,0.3 g·kg?1施氮处理与其他处理间差异显著;根系可溶性糖含量随施氮量的增加呈先降低后升高的趋势,0.1 g·kg?1施氮处理显著低于其他处理;但根系MDA含量、豆荚荚长和单株荚数对氮素并不敏感。在正常灌水条件下,最大根长随施氮量的增加而降低;根系SOD、POD活性和气孔导度随施氮量的增加而增加,且0.3 g·kg?1施氮处理显著高于其他处理;根系MDA含量和可溶性糖含量随施氮量的增加呈先降低后升高的趋势,0.1 g·kg?1施氮处理显著低于其他施氮处理;单株荚数对氮素不敏感外,其余各豆荚性状和产量指标均随施氮量的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,且除荚横径外,0.1 g·kg?1施氮处理各豆荚性状和产量指标显著高于其他处理。2)在相同施氮条件下,随着灌水量的增加,除根系SOD和POD活性、根系可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量降低,根系MDA含量、荚横径和单株荚数对水分不敏感,其余各指标均呈增加趋势,且除茎粗、地上部干重、根系平均直径、根系可溶性蛋白质含量、荚长和单荚粒数外,不同水分处理间差异均达显著水平。3)无论水分条件如何,0.1 g·kg?1的施氮处理下红小豆产量最高,与其他施氮处理相比,在干旱胁迫和正常灌水条件下的增产幅度分别为95.2%~118.3%和63.8%~137.1%;在施氮量一定的情况下,正常灌水处理比干旱胁迫处理增产84.5%~198.7%。研究表明,合理的水氮管理有利于红小豆植株的生长发育和产量形成,红小豆在旱薄胁迫并存的山西黄土高原丘陵区更适合在低水中肥条件(土壤含水量保持在田间持水量的35%~45%,施纯氮量为0.1 g·kg?1)下种植。     

Yield and yield components of two irrigated red bean cultivars and some soil properties as influenced by wheat residues and nitrogen management

Crop residues are beneficial substances affecting crop production and soil properties. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residue rates (0, 25, 50 and 75%) combined with N levels (0, 34.5, 69, 103.5 kg ha^?1) on yield and yield components of two red common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars and to monitor chemical soil parameters. The experiment was conducted at Research Center, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran for two years (2008–2009). The experiment was conducted as a split–split plot arranged in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The highest seed yield was obtained when 25–50% of residues were incorporated. The highest seed yield, seed weight per plant, 100-seed weight and seed number per pod were obtained with 103.5 kg N ha^?1 with no significant difference to 69 kg N ha^?1. Residue incorporation significantly increased soil organic carbon (SOC) as well as available K and P content. It is possible to sow red common bean as a double cropping by soil incorporation of 25–50% wheat residues with application of 69 kg N ha^?1.     

氮肥用量对油菜//蚕豆间作系统作物产量及养分吸收的影响

油菜间作蚕豆方式中的养分吸收利用特征少见报道,本研究通过田间小区试验探讨了不同施氮水平下间作对作物产量及氮、钾养分吸收利用的影响。通过研究表明,油菜间作蚕豆具有显著的间作产量优势,间作方式中油菜的竞争能力强于蚕豆。间作平均提高油菜产量15.6%～44.5%,提高蚕豆产量12.1%～26%。不同施氮条件下,间作土地当量比（LER）=1.14～1.67,N112.5条件下LER最大,N225条件下,作物产量最高。间作提高了油菜地上部氮吸收量,其中间作第一行间作第三行单作,在农民习惯施肥水平（N337.5）条件下间作养分吸收优势消失。随着氮肥施用量的增加,单、间作油菜氮吸收量随之增加。间作油菜子粒氮吸收量、钾吸收量在推荐施氮（N225）条件下达到最大值。不同施氮条件下,单、间作油菜地上部钾吸收量没有差异。间作促进氮素营养由营养器官向生殖器官转移,但对钾素营养的分配没有影响。     

Effects of drought stress on the seedling growth,development, and metabolic activity in different cultivars of canola

ABSTRACT

The comparative effects of drought stress on seed performance, growth parameters, free proline content, lipid peroxidation, and several antioxidative enzymes activities were studied in both cultivars of Brassica napus L. Drought stress increased mean germination rate and mean of day germination in both cultivars, and its effect was more pronounced in RGS003. The length and dry weight of root increased significantly in both cultivars under drought. RGS003 was more tolerant and obtained more biomass under drought than that of Sarigol. Proline content and pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase expression increased in Sarigol under drought. Measurement of malondialdehyde content in seedlings showed that lipid peroxidation was lower in RGS003 than in Sarigol. Antioxidant enzyme activities showed different trends in the two cultivars under drought stress but were higher in RGS003 than in Sarigol. These results suggest that RGS003 is better protected against drought-induced oxidative damage. Lipoxygenase activity only induced under water deficit condition in RGS003. Changes of respiratory enzymes activities of RGS003 subjected to drought stress showed a pattern different with Sarigol. Drought stress induced aconitase activity in RGS003, but it reduced fumarase and succinate dehydrogenase activity in Sarigol. This study showed that RGS003 exhibits a better protection mechanism against oxidative damage and RGS003 is more drought-tolerant than Sarigol possibly by maintaining and/or increasing growth parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities, and respiratory enzymes activities.     

不同土质下灌水盐度对滴灌棉花生理及产量品质的影响

在干旱、半干旱地区利用微咸水进行灌溉可以缓解淡水资源供需矛盾,但其灌溉效果与土壤质地是否相关有待研究。该研究旨在探讨灌水矿化度对不同土壤质地滴灌棉花生长发育和籽棉产量、纤维品质的影响。2022 年进行桶栽试验, 设置 2 种玛纳斯河流域常见的棉田土壤质地（砂壤土 T1、砂土 T2）和 4 个灌水矿化度（0.85（S0）、2.00（S1）、 5.00（S2）、8.00g/L（S3））,共 8 个试验处理,研究不同处理下棉花光合指标、株高、茎粗、产量及品质。结果表明： 随灌水矿化度增大,在砂土中棉花苗期后株高、茎粗、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、单铃质量、单株铃数、产量、灌溉水利 用效率和断裂比强度均呈现减小趋势,S3 处理的蒸腾速率在蕾期较 S0 降低 10.61%;而在砂壤土条件下,各指标呈先增 后减趋势,S1 处理净光合速率较 S0 增加 8.40%。随灌水矿化度升高,2 种土壤质地下棉花的最大荧光呈现减小趋势, 非光化学淬灭呈现增加趋势。通过回归分析可知,砂土棉田棉花产量与灌水矿化度呈负相关关系,而在砂壤土棉田中, 用小于 3.69 g/L 的灌溉水不会降低棉花产量。利用通径分析可知,在砂壤土条件下,棉花茎粗、蒸腾速率是影响产量的主要因素,株高是影响马克隆值的主要因素。在砂土条件下,非光化学淬灭系数、蒸腾速率是影响产量的 主要因素,株高、蒸腾速率是影响马克隆值的主要因素。该研究可为玛纳斯河流域不同土质棉田合理利用微咸水资源提供理论依据与技术支撑。     

调亏灌溉对西北地区不同种植密度玉米耗水和产量的影响

为研究种植密度与调亏灌溉对玉米蒸发蒸腾和产量的影响,该研究2017—2019年连续3 a设置2个种植密度（常规低密度、高密度）和不同灌溉处理开展田间试验。2017年设当地灌溉（W1）、充分灌溉（W2）、全生育期轻度亏缺（W3）、抽穗期充分灌溉其余生育期轻度亏缺（W4）4个水分处理;在2017年试验结果基础上,2018年调整了试验设计,设充分灌溉（W2）、营养生长阶段（苗期末、拔节期）轻度亏缺（W5）、营养生长阶段中度亏缺（W6）3个水分处理;2019年设充分灌溉（W2）、营养生长阶段和灌浆末期轻度亏缺（W7）、营养生长阶段和灌浆末期中度亏缺（W8）3个水分处理。测定和计算了玉米植株茎流、棵间蒸发、冠层覆盖度、产量等指标。结果表明：玉米单株茎流速率受种植密度和水分亏缺的影响明显,复水可以缓解水分亏缺造成的茎流速率降低。高种植密度下,玉米植株对水分胁迫的反映更为敏感,相同水分亏缺程度会造成更严重的减产。相较于低种植密度（当地密度）,充分灌溉下（W2）增大种植密度使2017、2018、2019年玉米产量分别提升15.82%、34.89%、22.64%;高密度处理下,相较于当地的经验灌水模式,在作物营养生长阶段后期及灌浆后期进行轻度亏水处理可在产量下降不显著的情况下节水约23.14%。因此,增大种植密度并在作物营养生长阶段后期及灌浆后期进行轻度亏水,可在显著增大产量的同时大幅减少耗水,结果为西北地区玉米节水增产提供科学依据。     

根域水分亏缺对涌泉灌苹果幼树产量品质和节水的影响

为了有效提高山地苹果树的水分利用效率（water use efficiency,WUE）以及合理分配灌溉用水,该文以陕北黄土高原地区山地苹果树为研究对象,通过大田试验,研究了涌泉根灌（surge-root irrigation,SRI）条件下水分亏缺对苹果树生长、产量、品质及WUE的影响。试验于2016—2018年分别在萌芽期（I）设置轻度（L）、中度（M）和重度（S）3个水平亏缺处理,在开花坐果期（II）和果实膨大期（III）分别设置L和M 2个水平亏缺处理,另设全生育期充分灌溉（FI）与不灌水（NI）作为对照,共9个处理。结果表明：苹果树各生育期耗水量由大到小依次为III期、II期、I期、果实成熟期（IV）,其中III期耗水量占全生育期耗水总量的59%~71%,远高于其他3个生育阶段。调亏灌溉与FI相比节水效果显著（P<0.05）,且其一定程度上抑制了苹果树新梢生长,苹果树水分调亏程度大的处理在下一个阶段复水后其耗水量越大。水分亏缺可调节苹果的品质,I期进行水分亏缺对果实含水率、可溶性物质含量和可溶性还原糖含量的影响均不显著（P>0.05）,III期进行水分亏缺可增加果实硬度,降低单果质量、优果率和果实含水率,因此不宜在苹果树III期设置水分亏缺;而在苹果树II期进行水分亏缺使果实硬度略有增加,果实含水率略有下降,同时单果质量、优果率、可溶性物质和可溶性还原糖含量提高,使苹果更甜且易存储。其中II-M处理的苹果产量、品质及WUE均达到较高水平,建议最优的水分调亏应是II-M处理。该研究可为陕北山地苹果水分管理、精准灌溉提供理论与技术参考。     

调环酸钙对花生某些生理特性和产量的影响

利用田间试验研究了叶面喷施调环酸钙对花生某些生理特性和产量的影响。结果表明,调环酸钙可显著增加花生叶片厚度和叶绿素含量,促进叶片光合作用;提高叶片SOD、POD和CAT等保护酶活性和可溶性蛋白质含量,但对根系活力和MDA含量影响不大。调环酸钙对控制花生地上部营养体生长、增加单株果数和果重、提高经济系数以及荚果产量作用显著。本试验结果可以得出,调环酸钙的效果在许多情况下优于多效唑。     

地下调亏滴灌对紫花苜蓿耗水、产量和品质的影响

地下滴灌技术是最为节水的灌溉技术,为了推进地下滴灌技术在紫花苜蓿生产中的应用,2012年在甘肃武威开展了大田试验,通过对建植当年第2茬苜蓿不同生育期设置不同的亏水处理,研究了地下滴灌条件下调亏灌溉对紫花苜蓿耗水、产量和品质的影响。结果表明:随亏水程度的加重,紫花苜蓿的产量降低,耗水量减少,水分利用效率(WUE)提高,干重茎叶比降低,粗蛋白含量提高,粗蛋白产量降低;全生育期调亏,生育期间的耗水强度呈现现蕾期分枝期分枝前期的规律,并且随着亏水程度的增加,规律愈加明显;分枝期调亏的紫花苜蓿,在现蕾期复水后耗水强度有明显的补偿效应;与现蕾期调亏相比,分枝前期和分枝期调亏有利于降低茎叶比,提高粗蛋白质量分数和粗蛋白产量。该研究揭示了地下滴灌条件下不同调亏处理对紫花苜蓿耗水、产量和品质的影响,为干旱地区优质、高产、节水苜蓿的生产提供了试验依据。     

钾对春小麦生理特性、产量及品质的影响

采用盆栽和田间试验方法研究钾对春小麦生理特性、产量和品质的影响。盆栽试验设5个处理,于三叶期和拔节期采植株倒二叶,于开花期、灌浆期和蜡熟期采植株旗叶测定叶绿素含量、光合作用速率和硝酸还原酶活性。结果表明,适量的钾肥能提高小麦叶片叶绿素含量和光合作用速率,增加硝酸还原酶活性,延缓叶片衰老。田间试验在黑龙江省小麦主产区黑土和白浆土上进行。试验设5个处理,于收获期测产,并取子粒样品进行品质分析。试验结果表明,黑龙江省春小麦钾的适宜用量为(K2O)37.5～52.5kg/hm2,施钾平均增产9.9%;适量的钾肥能提高小麦品质,尤其是对加工品质效果显著。     

亏缺灌溉对马铃薯生长产量及水分利用的影响

为了解析马铃薯不同品种对水分亏缺的响应,探讨不同品种对水分需求量的差异,该研究在大田遮雨棚滴灌下,以马铃薯品种‘青薯9号’和‘大西洋’为材料,参考西北区和本试验区的年平均降雨量,设置5个水分处理,将参考试验区年平均降雨量的值划分为正常灌水(A),逐级调亏灌水量的值划分为轻度(B)、中度(C)、重度(D)和特重度(E)亏缺灌水处理,研究灌水量对不同品种马铃薯植株生长(株高、茎粗、叶面积)、生物量与分配、叶片相对含水量、产量与构成因素、水分利用的影响。结果表明:正常灌水下,‘青薯9号’株高增长速度大于‘大西洋’,且测定期内持续增高,但‘大西洋’叶面积快速扩增期的扩增速度大于‘青薯9号’;2个品种各器官干质量变化趋势不一致,‘大西洋’各器官干质量呈增长趋势,‘青薯9号’茎叶和根干质量呈前期增长后期下降、块茎干质量呈显著增加趋势(P0.05),且‘青薯9号’块茎生物量分配比例最高值为57.96%,仅是‘大西洋’最高值的67.43%;2个品种叶片相对含水量均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势;‘大西洋’单株结薯数、单株产量、公顷产量、商品薯率高于或显著高于亏缺灌溉(P0.05),‘青薯9号’仅商品薯率和大薯率高于或显著高于亏缺灌溉(P0.05),其他指标则显著低于轻度亏缺灌溉(P0.05),水分利用效率和灌水效率分别为152.62kg/(hm~2·mm)和130.70%。亏缺灌溉下,随水分亏缺度加重,‘大西洋’株高、茎粗和叶面积扩增的抑制大于‘青薯9号’,2个品种叶片相对含水量降低、生物量积累的增速和绝对值降低、产量和大薯率显著下降(P0.05),且‘青薯9号’上述指标的降幅小于‘大西洋’,其中轻度亏缺灌溉下,‘青薯9号’单株结薯数和公顷产量具有补偿效应,较正常灌水分别增加22.79%和11.71%,水分利用效率提高41.48%、灌水效率提高60.05%,抗旱系数为1.12。因此,‘青薯9号’轻度亏缺灌溉,可控制其地上部旺盛生长,利于块茎形成和膨大,‘大西洋’应保证充足水分供给,不宜亏缺灌溉。     

Foliar application of iron,zinc, and manganese nano-chelates improves physiological indicators and soybean yield under water deficit stress

Abstract

To investigate the effect of foliar application of nano-chelates of iron, zinc, and manganese subjected to different irrigation conditions on physiological traits, and yield of soybean (cultivar M9), a split plot experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with three replications in two crop years (2016–2017). The main plot included four levels of irrigation (I): full irrigation (I ₁), irrigation withhold at flowering stage (I ₂), irrigation withhold at podding stage (I ₃), and irrigation withhold during the grain filling period (I ₄). Also, the subplot included eight levels of foliar application with Fe, Zn, Mn, Fe?+?Zn, Fe?+?Mn, Zn?+?Mn, Fe?+?Zn?+?Mn nano-chelates, and distilled water (control). The results of combined analysis of variance suggested that the effect of irrigation and foliar application of nano-chelate was significant on all traits. Water deficit stress significantly reduced the grain yield. The minimum numbers of pods per plant, number of grains per plant, 100-seed weight per plant, leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll concentration, total dry weight of plant, and the grain yield were obtained by irrigation withhold at podding stage. Foliar application of combined nano-chelates increased the soybean resistance against water shortage more considerably than the separate consumption of these elements. Under drought stress in podding stage, the application of Fe?+?Zn led to the highest yield with a mean of 2613.84?kg ha^?1 where this increase was 61.1% higher than control.     

棉花调亏灌溉效应研究

盆栽试验研究棉花调亏灌溉效应结果表明 ,棉花苗期为水分亏缺最佳时期 ,土壤含水量应维持在田间持水量的 5 0 %～ 5 5 % ,吐絮期维持在田间持水量的 5 0 %左右 ,蕾期维持在田间持水量的 6 5 %～ 70 % ,花铃期是棉花生长关键期 ,其土壤含水量应维持在田间持水量的 75 %左右 ,适当降低土壤含水量有助于提高棉株蕾铃数量 ,可减少蕾铃脱落。     

Drought stress effects on two common bean cultivars with contrasting growth habits

In most rainfed production areas where wheat fallow is common, crop yield could be improved by changing to more diverse crop rotations. It seems necessary to identify crop cultivars suitable for such diversification. This study was aimed at determining the responses of two common bean cultivars with different growth habits (Sayyad as an indeterminate and D81083 as a determinate cultivar) to drought stress. The study was conducted in a greenhouse during the 2008 growing season. A factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications and four water levels [100, 75, 50 and 25% of field capacity (FC) by weight] was used. The results showed that plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, number of pods, pod dry matter (DM) and total plant DM weights of both cultivars were significantly reduced under drought stress. Furthermore, at 50 and 25% FC, all plant pods of both cultivars were aborted. The common bean cultivar with a determinate growth habit appeared to have potential as a dryland rotation crop for farming in arid regions. Further field research might shed more light on the sensitivity of bean cultivars to drought stress with the aim of crop diversification for dryland areas, where adequate moisture supply is a limiting factor for crop production.