Stability of bovine leukemia virus antigens.

Stability of bovine leukemia virus glycoprotein 51 and nonglycosylated protein 24 antigens was examined under various conditions. The glycoprotein antigen was unstable at 56 degrees C and 37 degrees C and at acidic and basic pH. The specificity of the glycoprotein 51 antigen was reduced to half by the first treatment with ethyl ether, but was not decreased further by repeated treatments. This antigen was not inactivated with triton X-100 and was resistant to lyophilization as well as to freezing and thawing. The protein 24 antigen was generally very stable under all conditions tested.     

Ultrasonographic anatomy of the bovine eye.

The purposes of the study were to describe the ultrasonographic appearance and measurements of the normal bovine eye, to compare the measurements to those reported previously for cadaveric eyes and to describe differences between ocular dimensions of Holstein Friesian and Jersey cattle. Sixty transpalpebral ocular ultrasonographic examinations were performed on 30 adult Holstein Friesian cows, and 16 examinations were performed on 8 adult Jersey cows. Transpalpebral ultrasonographic images were obtained with a 10 MHz linear transducer in both horizontal and vertical imaging planes. The ultrasonographic appearance of structures within the bovine eye is similar to that in other species, although the ciliary artery was frequently identified, appearing as a 0.33 +/- 0.04 cm diameter hypoechoic area. The axial length of the globe was significantly greater in Holstein Friesian cattle (3.46 +/- 0.09 cm) compared with Jersey cattle (3.27 +/- 0.19 cm; P = 0.001), although the vitreous depth was smaller in Holstein Friesian cattle (1.46 +/- 0.09 cm) (P = 0.0009). The anterioposterior depth of the lens was significantly greater in Jersey cattle (1.92 +/- 0.11 cm) and the cornea was thinner in Jersey cattle (0.17 +/- 0.02 cm). The appearance and ocular distances for live animals were similar to those reported previously for cadaveric specimens. The knowledge of normal ocular dimensions facilitates the use of ultrasonography in the evaluation of ocular disease in cattle.     

牛源多杀性巴氏杆菌新型交叉保护性抗原的筛选

为了筛选多杀性巴氏杆菌潜在的交叉保护性抗原,首先对牛源多杀性巴氏杆菌PmCQ2株(A型)、PmCQ6株(A型)、PmB株(B型)、PmF株(F型)全基因组序列进行分泌蛋白及膜蛋白预测,并使用Signal、TMMHM在线分析筛选到48个候选共有抗原基因;然后分别克隆于pET-28α中构建原核重组表达载体,转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞中诱导表达,SDS-PAGE检测获得31个重组表达蛋白。间接ELISA检测重组蛋白对3种不同血清型牛多杀性巴氏杆菌多抗的反应原性,发现13个重组蛋白具有较强的反应原性。最后选择5个重组蛋白免疫小鼠后,分别采用10LD50PmCQ2、PmB和PmF进行攻毒保护性试验,结果显示:r-PmCQ2_1g0376免疫后的小鼠对PmCQ2和PmB的攻毒保护率为50%和30%,对PmF则没有保护性;r-PmCQ2_4g0132免疫后对PmCQ2、PmB和PmF株的攻毒保护率分别为80%,20%和10%;r-PmCQ2_1g0311免疫后的小鼠对PmCQ2的攻毒保护率为30%,对PmB和PmF株均无保护性。本试验筛选出2个交叉保护性抗原,可以不同程度保护同源或异源菌株的攻击,为多杀性巴氏杆菌新型疫苗候选蛋白的筛选奠定了基础。     

Use of bovine lymphocyte antigens in diagnosis of parentage

Lymphocyte antigens controlled by alleles at the BoLA-A locus were used to indicate which of two bulls could be eliminated as the sire in 18 cases of disputed parentage. The use of bovine lymphocyte antigens (BoLA) significantly increased the exclusion probability over that of the standard red cell and electrophoretic techniques.     

Recombinant bovine interferon-gamma enhances expression of class I and class II bovine lymphocyte antigens

Recombinant bovine interferon-gamma augments expression of class I and class II histocompatibility antigens on the surface membrane of bovine lymphocytes. Immunofluorescence techniques using a series of monoclonal anti-HLA antibodies demonstrate that this enhancement is detectable as early as 24 h after incubation with rBoIFN, while maximum surface expression is obtained within 3-5 days. A concentration as low as 10 units of rBoIFN is effective. Such results may be useful for characterizing the BoLA gene products.     

Characterization of Tritrichomonas foetus antigens, using bovine antiserum

Tritrichomonas foetus antigens were identified, using the serum of an Angus heifer that had been repeatedly immunized with suspensions of 1 X 10(8) organisms in Freund's complete adjuvant. Antibody activity against T foetus was determined by dot-blot analysis, using horse-radish peroxidase-conjugated anti-bovine immunoglobulin to detect bound antibody. The antiserum contained antibodies against surface and flagellar components of live or fixed T foetus, as determined by use of immunofluorescence. The antiserum reacted with approximately 38 proteins in a pool of 55 to 60 components resolvable by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of T foetus extracts.     

Reaction of convalescent bovine antisera with strain-specific antigens of parapoxviruses

Two strains of papular stomatitis (PS) virus, 1 of milker's nodules (MN) virus and 1 of contagious ecthyma (CE) virus possessed 2 distinct external structures when examined by electron microscopy. The innermost, designated coat was closely apposed to the tubular surface, whereas the outer envelope loosely surrounded the virion. When convalescent sera from cattle infected with PS virus were used for immunoelectron microscopy, antibody reacted with coats and envelopes of the PS virus strains, but only with coats of MN and CE viruses. Convalescent sera from cattle infected with PS or MN virus contained complement-dependent antibodies cytolytic to cells infected with the homologous virus. In an indirect immunofluorescence test, the sera reacted with homologous strains to higher titers than with heterologous strains.     

Immunohistological demonstration of virus and tumor associated antigens in tissues experimental and spontaneous bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection

Expression of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) antigens in vivo has not been shown. After BLV infection, however, production of antibodies directed towards BLV proteins (e.g. gp51) can be easily demonstrated. Thus, production of BLV proteins has to take place somewhere in infected cattle. Tissues and organs of experimentally infected cattle were fixed in acetone and embedded in paraffin. Monoclonal antibodies directed to gp51 were used to demonstrate BLV expression immunohistologically by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method. The same samples were also used to demonstrate a tumor associated antigen (TAA) employing a monoclonal antibody. Our results indicate that very few cells, found in the intestinal mucosa, produce gp51 in vivo. The expression of TAA, however, increases significantly shortly after infection with BLV and remains high throughout life.