内蒙古棘豆属有毒植物及其对家畜的危害

棘豆属植物是内蒙古草原上最重要的有毒植物之一,严重影响着内蒙古的草原畜牧业。笔者通过实地调查及查阅大量文献对内蒙古棘豆属有毒植物的种类、分布、有毒成分及对家畜的危害进行了分析综述,并针对内蒙古草原的实际情况对棘豆属有毒植物的防治及利用提出了建议。     

我国黄芪属有毒植物及其对家畜的危害

我国黄芪属有毒植物及其对家畜的危害赵宝玉（西北农业大学兽医系，陕西杨陵７１２１００）我国有２７０余种豆科黄芪属（紫云英属，Ａｓｔｒａｇａｌｕｓ）植物，主要分布在西北、华北、东北及西南地区。黄芪属植物的有些种是珍贵的药材，有些种是优良的家畜牧草，但也有...     

影响家畜繁殖性状主基因的研究进展

主基因是指能对数量性状产生巨大效应的单个基因或座位。家畜繁殖性状属低遗传力数量性状。通过对家畜繁殖性状主基因或其候选基因的定位、研究, 有利于进一步认识繁殖性状遗传机理, 加快对繁殖性状的改良速度。目前在猪上对FSHβ、ESR基因, 在绵羊上对FecB、FecX和BMP15等基因研究较多。     

云南丽江地区畜间斑点热血清流行病学调查

斑点热群立克次体 ( spotted fever grouprickellsia,SFGR)是引起斑点热 ( spotted fever,SF)的一组病原体。斑点热是一种新发现的急性、发疹性传染病 ,危害特别严重。该病主要通过蜱螨的吸血活动在人和动物间传播 ,人被携带有 SFGR的蜱、螨叮咬而感染 ,其临床表现为发热、局部     

鸡葡萄球菌性关节炎的病理学研究进展

鸡的葡萄球菌性关节炎多是由金黄色葡萄球菌(以下简称金葡菌 )引起的 ,主要感染肉用种鸡。近年来 ,随着我国集约化养殖的发展 ,葡萄球菌引起的关节炎 ,在肉鸡生产中已成为广泛关注的问题。1 991年 ,刘敬苍报道了济南某 1 0万只鸡场鸡发病情况 ,发病最严重时的发病率高达 30 % ,发病和死亡最多的是小鸡和 5周龄左右的育成鸡 ,曾达到一栋鸡舍日死亡率 2 .35% [1] ;1 994年 ,El- nasser对 1 2个肉鸡厂和 1个孵化厂的鸡关节炎进行调查结果表明 ,鸡关节炎的发病率由出雏时的 0 .5%升至 2 2日龄的 2 0 % ,平均发病率为 8.4% ,从 47只鸡的内脏器官…     

Structure and function of the major histocompatibility complex in domestic animals

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a genetic region that has been intensively studied for the past 2 decades. Interest in the MHC has been high because of (i) the particular involvement of the MHC in transplantation reactions, including organ allograft rejection in human beings; and (ii) the more general role of MHC gene products in the genetic control of immune responses in all mammals. The MHC has several remarkable properties that include a distinctive genetic structure which has been well-preserved through evolution, and the extreme plasticity of form of the principal MHC genes, which can coexist within a single species in 30 or more allelic forms. The genes of the MHC regulate cell-cell interactions of various types within the lymphoreticular system, and thus function as the so-called "immune response" genes that have been described in mice, rats, and guinea pigs. In human beings, the "disease associations" demonstrated between MHC alleles and various pathologic conditions are probably manifestations of abnormal functions of immune regulation governed by the MHC. Studies of the MHC in domestic species are still in their infancy. However, investigations of the MHC have been carried out in swine, cattle, horses, sheep, goats, dogs, and chickens. Further research on the MHC of domestic animals is merited, both for its contribution to the overall understanding of the biological significance of the MHC and for its practical application in clinical veterinary medicine.     

硒在草地放牧系统“土壤-植物-动物”间的流动与调控

硒(Se)作为动物必需而容易缺乏的微量元素,具有多种生物学功能。在草地放牧系统中,硒随着物质在土壤、植物和动物之间的转移而循环流动。本文从硒在放牧草地"土壤-植物-动物"间的含量、分布及功能等方面,对国内外的研究现状进行了综述,分析了硒在放牧系统中的循环流动特点。结果表明,硒在土壤、植物和动物中的含量分别为0.1~2.0、0.05~1.50和0.02~0.05mg·kg-1。受多种因素影响,硒在土壤、植物和动物之间的流动量存在较大差异且不稳定,导致放牧家畜往往容易出现硒元素摄入不足的现象。在合理的放牧制度下,采取适宜的施肥方式,补播对硒积累能力强的牧草品种,可有效增加草地放牧系统中硒的循环流动量,以缓解或解决放牧家畜缺硒的不利局面。