耕牛栎属植物中毒的防治

本文记述了甘肃省徽县耕牛栎属植物中毒病的发病季节;1985～1988年共发病939头,死亡317头,死亡率为33.75％;统计分析了病牛年龄、性别之间的关系;并介绍了在病的初、中、后期的中西药治疗措施。     

牛栎属植物中毒调查与诊治

牛栎属植物中毒调查与诊治张国锋（云南省兰坪白族普米族自治县畜牧兽医站，６７１４００牛栎属植物中毒是牛在栎树抽嫩枝阶段，采食过量栎树嫩枝芽而引起的疾病，兰坪县中排乡１０年内共发病死亡２８５头，最高年达４０头。现将诊治情况报告如下。１观察分组在怒夺村将黄...     

中草药治疗耕牛青木冈叶中毒

青木冈叶中毒,学名称为栎属植物中毒。栎属植物主要有槲栎、白栎、麻栎、榨栎等,我地区主要以白栎为主。其中毒的症状,以消化机能紊乱和水肿为主征,故俗称为牛“水肿病”。根据发病季节、特征等,采取中草药治疗,笔者2002年以来对25头患牛进行辩证施治,治愈23头,死亡2头,治愈率92%,治疗效果显著。1病因主要是青木冈叶含有一种鞣酸。清明节前后,在栎类植物生长地放牧的牛大量采食青木冈叶或农户采割垫圈,极易引起中毒。2症状根据发病的特征和病程,分为初期、中期、后期三个阶段。2.1初期症状病牛精神萎顿,食欲减退,反刍减少或停止,瘤胃蠕动减…     

中西医结合治疗耕牛青(木冈)叶中毒

耕牛青木冈叶中毒是由于误食过量的壳斗科栎属植物(檞栎、麻栎、柞栎、大叶栎、白栎、栓皮栎等)的花、幼嫩叶造成的一种中毒性疾病。贵州主要是檞栎、麻栎和柞栎引起发病,在众多受害动物中对牛的危害最为严重,栎属植物种类多,因此,凡分布有栎属植物分布的地区均有可能发病,习惯上称青木冈叶中毒。这类植物多分布于丘陵山区故易造成：一方面病初畜主未引起     

耕牛栎树叶中毒中后期病例治疗报告

耕牛采食过量栎属植物(俗称青杠树)幼嫩枝叶而发生的中毒,在我省秦巴山区一些县、乡发病和死亡已上升到各种疾病的首位。据汉中地区十个县1977—1984年不完全统计,发病19251头,死亡5546头,死亡率     

耕牛青杠树叶中毒的诊治

耕牛青杠叶中毒是由于误食过量的壳斗科栎属植物的花、幼嫩叶造成的一种中毒性疾病.因此,凡分布有栎属植物分布的地区均有可能发病,习惯上称青杠叶中毒.这类植物多分布于山区,一方面病初畜主未引起足够重视而延误诊疗,另一方面发生中毒后由于多处于偏远乡(镇)村,畜主就近找一些凭经验的村防员治疗,由于多数村防员对该病缺乏诊疗经验导致误将该病当作其他疾病治疗,当病情加重了才引起足够的重视,造成治疗上的困难而引起死亡现象较多,使畜主蒙受重大经济损失.     

水牛有毒植物中毒的诊治

牛有毒植物中毒是由于误食过量有毒植物(当地主要有百花杜鹃、山胡桃、辣姜木、麻栎、柞栎、大叶栎、白栎等)的花、幼嫩叶造成的一种中毒性疾病。在家畜中以对牛的危害严重,尤其水牛因不挑食、采食量较大、咀嚼粗糙容易误食大量的树叶危害最为严重。凡有有毒植物分布的地区均有可能发病,习惯上也将栎属植物中毒称青棡叶中毒。     

中西医结合治疗牛青叶中毒病的体会

一、发病原因 （一）社会因素根据实地调查,本病一般在3月下旬至5月中旬发生。会理县山区的青树主要有槲栎、麻栎、柞栎、大叶栎、栓皮栎等五种,它们通属栎属植物,因这种树适应性很强,发芽早,生长快,在春夏之交,其他植物还未发芽,它却长出了叶子。     

中西医结合治疗牛青叶中毒病的体会

一、发病原因 （一）社会因素根据实地调查,本病一般在3月下旬至5月中旬发生。会理县山区的青树主要有槲栎、麻栎、柞栎、大叶栎、栓皮栎等五种,它们通属栎属植物,因这种树适应性很强,发芽早,生长快,在春夏之交,其他植物还未发芽,它却长出了叶子。     

耕牛青杠树叶中毒的诊治

耕牛青杠叶中毒是由于误食过量的壳斗科栎属植物的花、幼嫩叶造成的一种中毒性疾病。因此,凡分布有栎属植物分布的地区均有可能发病,习惯上称青杠叶中毒。这类植物多分布于山区,一方面病初畜主未引起足够重视而延误诊疗;另一方面发生中毒后由于多处于偏远乡（镇）村,畜主就近找一些凭经验的村防员治疗,由于多数村防员对该病缺乏诊疗经验导致误将该病当作其他疾病治疗,当病情加重了才引起足够的重视,造成治疗上的困难而引起死亡现象较多,使畜主蒙受重大经济损失。由于该病容易发生,危害严重又无特效解毒方法,     

Serologic prevalence of toxoplasmosis in cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, bison, and elk in Montana

Serum samples from 2,539 cattle, 649 sheep, 123 goats, 413 pigs, 93 bison, and 56 elk from Montana were examined for antibody to Toxoplasma gondii in the Sabin-Feldman dye test or the modified agglutination test (MAT). Cattle, bison, and elk serum samples were treated with 0.2 M-mercaptoethanol before examination in MAT. In the dye test, 13.2% of sheep, 5.0% of pigs, and 22.7% of goats had antibody at a dilution of greater than or equal to 1:16. In the MAT, 3.2% of cattle, 3.1% of bison, and none of the elk were positive at a dilution of greater than or equal to 1:128.     

Serological survey of canine dirofilariosis in Chongqing, Kunming, Nanchang, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Nanning in Southern China

The present study conducts a serological survey on the presence of canine dirofilariosis in domestic dogs using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. A total of 310 household dogs (166 females and 144 males) in Chongqing, Kunming, Nanchang, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Nanning in Southern China were examined. Of the 310 dogs, 42 (13.5%) were seropositive for dirofilariosis. No statistically significant difference was observed in terms of sex in the seroprevalence of dirofilariosis using the ELISA kit. The positive rates for dirofilariosis were 6.6% in the 0-1-year-old group, 13.8% in the 1-4-year-old group, and 21.6% in the less than 4-year-old group. The statistical analysis revealed that significant differences were observed in the 1-4-year-old group (P=0.037, OR=0.441, 95% CI=0.170-1.144) and less than 4-year-old group (P<0.001, OR=0.256, 95% CI=0.095-0.693). In the regional comparison, the shoreline city Shenzhen (18.8%) had a significantly higher prevalence than urban and mountain areas (P<0.05, OR=0.310, 95% CI=0.066-1.445). In conclusion, Dirofilaria immitis infection in domestic dogs was present in Chongqing, Kunming, Nanchang, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Nanning. Therefore, heartworm treatment and/or chemoprophylaxis for the captured domestic dogs are necessary in these areas. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first using serological methods to examine D. immitis infection in domestic dogs in Mainland China in the recent years.     

Exercise-induced alterations in plasma concentrations of ghrelin, adiponectin, leptin, glucose, insulin, and cortisol in horses

Six Standardbred (STB) mares (11+/-2 years, 521+/-77 kg; means+/-SD) performed an exercise trial (EX) where they underwent an incremental exercise test (GXT) as well as a parallel control trial (CON) to test the hypothesis that short-term, high intensity exercise would alter plasma concentrations of glucose, leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, insulin and cortisol. Plasma samples were taken before (0 min), during (last 10s at 6, 8m/s, and the velocity eliciting VO(2max)), and after exercise (2, 10, 30, 60 min; 12 and 24h post-GXT). A second set of blood samples was collected before and after an afternoon meal given at 1515 h (at 1500, 1514, 1530, and 1545 h). Data were analyzed using ANOVA for repeated measures and Tukey's test. During the GXT, there were no changes (P>0.05) in the plasma concentrations of glucose, leptin, adiponectin or ghrelin. However, there was a 29% increase (P<0.05) in mean plasma cortisol concentration and a 35% decrease (P<0.05) in mean plasma insulin concentration. Substantial increases (P<0.05) in the mean plasma concentrations of glucose and cortisol of 36% and 102%, respectively, were seen in the EX trial during the first 60 min post-GXT. Plasma leptin concentration, measured at the 24h post-GXT time point, was 20% lower (P<0.05) during the EX trial compared with the parallel time point in the standing control (CON) trial. Plasma ghrelin concentration was 37% lower (P<0.05) in the EX trial compared with CON before and after the afternoon meal, but was 43% higher (P<0.05) 12h post-GXT. There were no differences between EX and CON for plasma concentrations of insulin or adiponectin during recovery. It was concluded that short-term high intensity exercise alters plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations in STB mares post-exercise, which may signal the exercised animals to alter energy intake.     

Changes in plasma melanocyte-stimulating hormone,ACTH, prolactin,GH, LH,FSH, and thyroid-stimulating hormone in response to injection of sulpiride,thyrotropin-releasing hormone,or vehicle in insulin-sensitive and -insensitive mares

Six insulin-sensitive and 6 insulin-insensitive mares were used in a replicated 3 by 3 Latin square design to determine the pituitary hormonal responses (compared with vehicle) to sulpiride and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), 2 compounds commonly used to diagnose pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) in horses. Mares were classified as insulin sensitive or insensitive by their previous glucose responses to direct injection of human recombinant insulin. Treatment days were February 25, 2012, and March 10 and 24, 2012. Treatments were sulpiride (racemic mixture, 0.01 mg/kg BW), TRH (0.002 mg/kg BW), and vehicle (saline, 0.01 mL/kg BW) administered intravenously. Blood samples were collected via jugular catheters at −10, 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min relative to treatment injection. Plasma ACTH concentrations were variable and were not affected by treatment or insulin sensitivity category. Plasma melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) concentrations responded (P < 0.01) to both sulpiride and TRH injection and were greater (P < 0.05) in insulin-insensitive mares than in sensitive mares. Plasma prolactin concentrations responded (P < 0.01) to both sulpiride and TRH injection, and the response was greater (P < 0.05) for sulpiride; no effect of insulin sensitivity was observed. Plasma thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations responded (P < 0.01) to TRH injection only and were higher (P < 0.05) in insulin-sensitive mares in almost all time periods. Plasma LH and FSH concentrations varied with time (P < 0.05), particularly in the first week of the experiment, but were not affected by treatment or insulin sensitivity category. Plasma GH concentrations were affected (P < 0.05) only by day of treatment. The greater MSH responses to sulpiride and TRH in insulin-insensitive mares were similar to, but not as exaggerated as, those observed by others for PPID horses. In addition, the reduced TSH concentrations in insulin-insensitive mares are consistent with our previous observation of elevated plasma triiodothyronine concentrations in hyperleptinemic horses (later shown to be insulin insensitive as well).     

Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy in swine--technique, methods, indications

The aim of this study was to investigate in 20 healthy pigs the practicability of the oesophagogastroduodenoscopic examination technique in regard to equipment, method of examination, indications and its suitability as a diagnostical tool for the assessment of the oesophagus, stomach and upper duodenum in one procedure. Preparation of the patient for endoscopy, the procedure of the endoscopic examination as well as the topographical findings of the upper intestinal tract including the duodenum until the flexura duodenojejunalis are described. Flexible oesophagogastroduodenoscopy is a suitable method for the observation and natural visualisation of mucosal surfaces and for the digital documentation of peristaltic movements. The procedure is easy to perform in anaesthetized animals, is in most cases completed within 15 min, and can be repeated in the same animal. Indications of this interesting diagnostic imaging technique are discussed.     

Cholangitis in cats: symptoms, cause, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis

Inflammation of the bile ducts is common in cats. This review article reports on what is currently known about the various types of cholangitis (i.e., cholangitis caused by liver flukes, neutrophilic cholangitis, and lymphocytic cholangitis). Treatment is available for cholangitis caused by liver flukes and for neutrophilic cholangitis, and the prognosis is good. However, the cause of lymphocytic cholangitis is not known and there is currently no evidence-based therapy. Several causes are mentioned in the literature, but more research is needed in order to establish the cause of this disease and to develop an appropriate therapy.