Comparison of invertebrate abundance in a seagrass bed and adjacent coral and sand areas at Amitori Bay,Iriomote Island,Japan

ABSTRACT:   To examine whether or not reef-associated seagrass beds harbor abundant food resources for resident and visiting fishes, the invertebrate density and biomass in a seagrass bed were compared with those in adjacent coral and sand areas at Amitori Bay, Iriomote Island, Japan, in June 2002. The vegetation within the bed was dominated by Enhalus acoroides , the coral area comprising primarily Acropora spp. Epifaunal density was greater on the seagrass than on the corals, whereas biomass was greater on the latter. Tanaids, chironomid larvae, errant polychaetes, and gammaridean amphipods were dominant taxa on the seagrass; larger crustaceans, such as crabs and shrimps, being abundant on the corals. The density of infauna was greatest in the seagrass bed, followed by the coral and sand areas, whereas biomass was greatest in the coral area, followed by the seagrass bed and sand area. Each of the three habitats was dominated by harpacticoid copepods and errant polychaetes, although the density of each taxonomic group differed among the habitats. Important food items of seagrass bed fishes, such as harpacticoid copepods, gammaridean amphipods, errant polychaetes, and tanaids, were abundant in the seagrass bed, the density of each being greater than in the other two habitats.     

Comparison of environmental conditions in two representative oyster farming areas: Hiroshima Bay,western Japan and Oginoham a Bay (a branch of Ishinomaki Bay), northern Japan

ABSTRACT:   Sea water environmental conditions over annual cycles were investigated and compared between two oyster farming areas, western Hiroshima Bay and Oginohama Bay (a branch of Ishinomaki Bay) in Miyagi Prefecture, to appropriately manage oyster culture or more efficiently utilize farming areas. The environmental parameters of temperature, salinity, nutrient concentrations (NO₂–N, NO₃–N, NH₄–N, PO₄–P, and SiO₂–Si) and size-fractionated chlorophyll- a (<0.2, 2–20, >20µm), and abundances of microzooplankton were measured in each bay at the surface, and 2 and 5 m depth layers. Differences in the annual mean values and results with monthly paired Student's t -tests showed that salinity was lower, and temperature, nutrient (especially PO₄–P) and chlorophyll- a concentrations, and abundance of microzooplankton, were higher in Hiroshima Bay than in Oginohama Bay. Differences in environmental conditions between inshore and offshore areas of each bay suggest that inflows of river water in western Hiroshima Bay and sea water from offshore had the most significant effects on the environmental conditions. It is concluded that such oceanographic and biological differences strongly affect the oyster farming system, especially regarding the optimum usage of offshore areas in Summer under clean, cold and stable seawater conditions, rather than food quantity in Hiroshima Bay, and under more abundant food conditions in Oginohama Bay.     

象山港蓝点马鲛鱼卵、仔稚鱼的时空分布特征及其与环境因子关系

为了研究象山港蓝点马鲛(Scomberomorus niphonius)鱼卵和仔稚鱼的时空分布特征及其与环境因子的相关关系,在象山港港湾内设置14个站,于2015年4月3日至6月10日期间按周采样,共调查10个航次(Ⅰ~Ⅹ),以方形网(网口为1 m×2 m,网目1.0 mm)采集象山港水域蓝点马鲛鱼卵、仔稚鱼,同时利用CTD采集表层水温、表层盐度和水深等数据。结果表明,象山港蓝点马鲛鱼卵出现时间为4月初至6月初,鱼卵的丰度随时间呈先升后降趋势,4月中旬至5月初为高峰期。仔稚鱼出现时间相对滞后且提前结束,持续时间短,集中在5月初至5月中旬。鱼卵和仔稚鱼主要分布于港口和港中部水域,其中鱼卵、卵黄囊期和前弯曲期仔鱼空间分布相似,主要分布在较深水域,而后弯曲期仔鱼和稚鱼主要分布在较浅的近岸水域。鱼卵丰度与表层水温、表层盐度和水深均呈显著性相关(P0.05),最适表层水温范围为15~19℃,最适表层盐度范围为25.5~26.0,分布水深为15~30 m。仔稚鱼仅与表层水温呈显著性相关(P0.05),最适表层水温范围为18~19℃。     

海州湾海域鱼类分类多样性的时空变化及其与环境因子的关系

根据2011年3—12月在海州湾海域进行的5个航次的渔业资源综合调查,并结合相关的历史资料,研究海州湾海域鱼类分类多样性及其时空变化,并通过构建 GAM 模型分析平均分类差异指数(Δ+)和分类差异变异指数(Λ+)与环境因子之间的关系.结果表明,海州湾共有鱼类96种,隶属于2纲13目44科71属,其中Δ+的理论平均值为79.5,而Λ+的理论平均值为200.6.两个分类多样性指数均呈现明显的季节和空间变化,这可能与海州湾海域鱼类的季节性洄游和环境因子的差异有关.通过 GAM 模型分析发现,水深和底层溶氧对Δ+具有显著影响,而水深、底层溶氧、底层水温和月份则是影响Λ+的关键环境因子.通过比较中国近海不同纬度海域之间的鱼类分类多样性指数,发现Δ+和Λ+均呈现出“北高南低”的变化趋势,说明纬度变化对鱼类分类多样性的空间分布格局具有重要影响.     

Overlaps in habitat use of fishes between a seagrass bed and adjacent coral and sand areas at Amitori Bay, Iriomote Island, Japan: Importance of the seagrass bed as juvenile habitat

ABSTRACT:   To clarify faunal overlap between a seagrass bed and adjacent coral and sand areas, and the number of reef fishes utilizing the seagrass bed as juvenile habitat, visual censuses were conducted at Amitori Bay, Iriomote Island, Japan. The numbers of species and individuals of fishes were significantly higher in the coral area than in the seagrass bed and sand area. Cluster and ordination analyses based on the number of individuals of each species demonstrated that the fish assemblage structure differed among the three habitats in each season, but with some overlaps. Approximately half the seagrass bed fishes occurred in the adjacent coral area (coral–seagrass species). Dominant species of coral–seagrass species utilized the seagrass bed as an important juvenile habitat. Thus, some overlaps in habitat use were present between the seagrass bed and adjacent coral area. Despite such overlaps, however, coral–seagrass species accounted for only approximately 15% of coral reef fishes overall, indicating that most of the latter hardly utilize the seagrass bed directly in the study area.     

Influence of seasonality on cetacean diversity,abundance, distribution and habitat use in the western Mediterranean Sea: Implications for conservation

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