去皮膨化豆粕在断奶仔猪日粮中的应用

试验采用2×3因子设计,在以普通豆粕为主的日粮Ⅰ和以去皮膨化豆粕为主的日粮Ⅱ中分别添加进口鱼粉0%、2.5%和5%,试验共6个处理组,各处理组日粮营养水平相同。将150头31日龄的断奶PIC仔猪(平均体重为6.09￣6.31kg)按体重相近的原则随机分为6个处理组,每处理组5个重复,每个重复5头仔猪,考察去皮膨化豆粕对仔猪生产性能和养分消化率的影响。结果表明,与普通豆粕相比,去皮膨化豆粕能改善仔猪的采食量(P=0.061),提高日增重5.1%,降低腹泻指数31.6%,改善对营养物质的消化率。鱼粉也影响仔猪的生产性能、营养物质消化率和腹泻指数,但与豆粕类型间存在显著的互作效应(P<0.05),普通豆粕日粮中添加鱼粉,仔猪的生产性能、营养物质消化率和腹泻程度均有改善,添加5%鱼粉组效果最好;而去皮膨化豆粕中添加鱼粉除能降低仔猪料肉比外,对仔猪采食量、日增重、营养物质消化率及腹泻指数均无改善作用。试验表明,利用去皮膨化豆粕配制断奶仔猪日粮完全可以不添加鱼粉,但结合生长性能和经济效益考虑,以去皮膨化豆粕日粮中添加2.5%进口鱼粉最好。     

Effects of benzoic acid on performance and ecology of gastrointestinal microbiota in weanling piglets

The effects of feeding benzoic acid on weanling pig performance and on the ecology of their gastrointestinal microbiota were evaluated. One hundred and forty-four piglets (4 weeks of age) were used. Half of the piglets were fed a control diet and half were fed the same diet with 0.5% benzoic acid, and their performance was measured for 28 days. At the end of the trial, twelve piglets from each treatment were euthanised and samples of ileal and caecal digesta were collected. The digesta samples were cultured to quantify Lactobacillus spp., Escherichia coli,Enterococcus spp. and Clostridium perfringens and they were also studied by restriction fragment length polymorphism to evaluate the biodiversity degree and the similarity between the profiles of the microbiota. Benzoic acid improved piglets’ performance, and this was associated with a greater ileal microbiota biodiversity.     

高锌日粮对断奶仔猪肠道黏膜免疫及黏膜上皮形态的影响

本试验旨在研究长期饲喂不同锌源的高锌日粮对断奶应激仔猪肠道黏膜免疫及黏膜上皮形态的影响。选用临床检查健康的(26±2)日龄"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪60头,按体质量和性别随机分成3组,每组20头,分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+3 000 mg.kg-1氧化锌和基础日粮+500 mg.kg-1蛋氨酸锌。试验期70 d。于试验结束时,每组选取5头仔猪放血致死,分别取十二指肠近端、空肠近端1/4处、空肠远端1/4处和回肠中段,用于测定肠黏膜绒毛高度、绒毛宽度、隐窝深度,小肠上皮间淋巴细胞、杯状细胞数量,粘液层厚度及肠道粘液中IgA的含量。结果显示,在断奶后0～42 d,添加高锌日粮组仔猪的体重和日增重显著或极显著高于对照组仔猪(P0.05或P0.01),而在断奶后42～70 d,对照组仔猪日增重显著高于添加高锌日粮组仔猪(P0.05);两高锌组仔猪小肠黏膜结构有明显的损伤,表现为绒毛高度下降,隐窝变深,肠黏膜上皮细胞萎缩,肠道粘液层厚度变薄;上皮间淋巴细胞数、杯状细胞数和肠道黏液中IgA水平都显著或极显著低于对照组(P0.05或P0.01)。高锌日粮长期暴露引起断奶仔猪锌中毒,改变了肠道黏膜上皮结构的完整性,并降低了仔猪生长性能及肠道黏膜免疫功能。     

碱式氯化铜对断奶仔猪的促生长效应研究

本试验研究了碱式氯化铜(TBCC)对断奶仔猪的促生长效应。试验采用完全随机区组设计,将180头30d断奶的杜×长×大仔猪依体重、性别、窝别随机分为5个处理组,分别饲喂添加需要量水平铜的玉米-豆粕-干乳清粉型饲粮、在未添加外源铜的玉米-豆粕-干乳清粉型饲粮基础上分别添加150、200、250mg/kg铜(源于TBCC)和250mg/kg铜(源于硫酸铜)的饲粮。试验期35d。结果表明,各处理组间猪的日采食量、日增重和耗料/增重比无显著差异(P>0.10),但在表观数字上,以150mg/kg碱式氯化铜源组为最优,250mg/kg的硫酸铜源组次之,200、250mg/kg的碱式氯化铜源组及对照组较差。     

Effect of bran diet on organic acids in the gastrointestinal tract and apparent digestibility in weanling piglets

Over a period of four weeks 88 piglets of an average weaning weight of 9.5 kg received rations with 2.1, 3.1 and 5.5% crude fibre in the original substance in the form of wheat bran. Between the 42nd and 49th day of life a digestibility investigation was carried out by means of Cr2O3, and on the 42nd and the 63rd day of life the organic acids in the complete gastro-intestinal tract could be ascertained, the causes of which are to be found in the lack of easily soluble carbohydrates (increased passage rate, bran quota). Due to crude fibre, the apparent digestibility of all nutrients decreased, which resulted in a lower live weight on the 63rd day of life. The effect of a bran diet in the alimentary prophylaxis of coli enterotoxaemia is thus furthermore substantiated.     

液态饲料对超早期断奶仔猪肠道微生物区系的影响

试验选用平均体重为(2.63±0.15)kg、(14±2)日龄的断奶仔猪(云南地方撒坝猪)20头,随机分为对照组和试验组2组,进行32d对比试验。研究了液态饲料对超早期断奶仔猪肠道微生物区系的影响。结果表明,液态饲料能显著促进超早期断奶(SEW)仔猪肠道内乳酸杆菌生长,同时显著降低大肠杆菌含量(P<0.05)。     

中华富铁康900对断奶仔猪的饲喂效果试验

目前许多饲料生产厂家在饲料中超量添加硫酸铜、硫酸亚铁、砷制剂,造成畜产品和环境污染。中华富铁康90 0是一种富含Fe2 + 的有机铁制剂,主要成分为富马酸亚铁,具有吸收快、生物利用效率高、化学结构稳定、溶解性好、对胃肠刺激性小的优点。本试验以硫酸亚铁为对照,研究中华富铁康90 0对仔猪生产性能、肤色的影响,进一步验证富马酸亚铁对仔猪的饲喂效果。1　材料与方法1 1　试验动物　试验选择断奶杜×长×大仔猪60头随机分成3组,每组2 0头,各组起始体重相近,每组2个重复,每个重复1 0头。1 2　试验日粮　试验基础日粮相同,日粮组成及营养…     

日粮锌源和锌水平对断奶仔猪免疫功能和抗氧化酶活性的影响

选用21日龄＂杜×长×大＂三元杂交的断奶仔猪40头,按体质量和性别随机分成4组（Ⅰ～Ⅳ组）,每组10头猪。分别饲喂添加氧化锌（以锌量计）Ⅰ组（对照组）100mg/kg、Ⅱ组3 000mg/kg和蛋氨酸锌（以锌量计）Ⅲ组100mg/kg、Ⅳ组300mg/kg相同的基础日粮,预试验7d,正式试验42d。结果显示：脾脏、胸腺指数Ⅱ组〉Ⅳ组〉Ⅲ组〉Ⅰ组,但各组间差异均不显著（P〉0.05）;试验第14天,淋巴细胞转化率D值Ⅱ、Ⅳ组极显著高于Ⅰ组（P〈0.01）;试验第14、28、42天,猪瘟抗体水平Ⅱ、Ⅳ组极显著高于Ⅰ组（P〈0.01）;Ⅱ、Ⅳ组能提高血清Cu/Zn-SOD、CAT、GST-PX的活性,降低血清MDA含量,且在试验第14、28天时效果更好。结果表明,高锌日粮能显著提高断奶应激仔猪免疫功能和抗氧化酶活性。     

低黏度小麦及戊聚糖酶用于断奶仔猪日粮的效果研究

选择 35日龄断奶仔猪 90头 ,随机分为 3组 ,分别饲喂玉米—豆粕、小麦—豆粕、小麦—豆粕 戊聚糖酶日粮 ,每组 3个重复。各组日粮营养水平相同。检测日粮类型及酶制剂对仔猪 35～ 4 9日龄生产性能、养分消化率、腹泻率及经济效益的影响。结果表明 ,低黏度小麦用于 35日龄断奶仔猪日粮 ,合理配合 ,使仔猪 35～ 4 9日龄日增重、采食量和饲料转化效率分别提高 2 6 2 8%、18 2 9%和9 375 %。腹泻发生率降低 8 2 5 % ,仔猪每增重 1kg饲料投入减少 0 2 9元。小麦日粮中添加 0 0 5 %戊聚糖酶制剂有效降低仔猪腹泻发生率 (6 3 74 % ) ,显著提高日粮Ca的消化率 (9 2 1% ,P <0 .0 5 )。     

断奶日龄对仔猪生产性能和消化酶活性的影响

选取遗传基础相似、体重相当来自9窝母猪的48头杜长大仔猪为研究对象。随机平均分为2组,分别于23日龄和28日龄断奶,各组分别在断奶当天,断奶后3 d、7 d、14 d宰杀取样。测定各组在断奶后2周内的生产性能以及空肠内容物和胰腺消化酶的活性。结果表明:28日龄断奶的仔猪平均日增重、日平均采食量均显著高于23日龄断奶的仔猪。断奶后仔猪空肠消化酶均有所下降,其中28日龄断奶的仔猪所受影响相对较小。     

仔猪的消化道生理与断奶应激

在现代养猪生产模式中,消化道发育尚不完善就实行强制断奶是仔猪生长过程中面临的一个重要生理阶段。由日粮、营养及内外环境等因素的改变而带来的应激对仔猪正常生理功能的发挥将造成极大的影响。本文立足于仔猪的胃肠道生理特点,结合以前的研究结果和最近的发现,综述了断奶对胃肠道生理、微生物区系和免疫系统的影响以及日粮组成对胃肠道健康的影响。     

Effects of sodium butyrate on growth performance,haematological and immunological characteristics of weanling piglets

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of sodium butyrate (SB) on growth, haematological and immunological characteristics in weanling pigs. A total of 100 male piglets (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) with a body weight of 8.0 ± 0.2 kg weaned at the age of 28 days were randomly assigned to two treatments with five replicates and 10 pigs per replicate. Piglets received a basal diet (control group) or diets supplemented with 1000 mg/kg SB. The feeding trial lasted for 21 days. The results showed that dietary SB significantly decreased (p < 0.05) diarrhoea incidence of weaned piglets, but did not affect (p > 0.05) the average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed to gain (F/G). Furthermore, piglets fed dietary SB had higher (p < 0.05) serum concentrations of glucose and triglycerides and lower (p < 0.05) serum concentrations of urea nitrogen, cortisol, D‐lactic acid and diamine oxidase when compared with the control group. However, dietary SB did not affect concentrations of serum albumin, total protein, insulin and glucagon (p > 0.05). There were no significant (p > 0.05) treatment effects on serum IgA and IgM, whereas serum IgG concentration and IgA+ cell count in jejunum from pigs fed SB were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in those given the basal diet. In conclusion, the present study indicated that dietary SB significantly decreased diarrhoea incidence of weaned piglets and increased the efficiency of nitrogen utilization. Also, dietary SB could regulate and enhance the immune function of piglets by increasing the serum IgG concentration and IgA+ cell count in jejunum. Our results suggest that SB may reduce some of the adverse effects of weaning stress and play an important role in maintaining the integrity of intestinal mucosa.     

断奶仔猪腹泻的防治措施

仔猪腹泻在断奶仔猪中的发病率和病死率较高。本文分析了该病的常见发病原因，并根据具体情况提出了综合防治措施。     

断乳仔猪腹泻药物的防治效果试验

选择32日龄断乳的健康仔猪120头,分为4组,进行腹泻药物预防效果试验,分别为利高霉素组,庆大霉素、阿莫西林组,恩诺沙星、阿莫西林组,金霉素＋阿莫西林组;同时,再选用庆大霉素,磺胺嘧啶＋地塞米松,恩诺沙星进行药物治疗试验。结果表明,金霉素、阿莫西林组预防效果最佳（仔猪下痢预防有效率为71．7％）,其次是恩诺沙星、阿莫西林组（预防有效率57.2％）;而在3种治疗药物中,以庆大霉素治愈率最高（94.3％）,其次为恩诺沙星（84．0％）和磺胺嘧啶＋地塞米松（77.3％）。     

Gut ecology, feed digestion and performance in weaned piglets fed liquid diets

Gut environment and microflora, digestibility, and performance were studied in weaned piglets in Central Vietnam fed a dry control diet (CO), a naturally fermented liquid diet (FE), and a liquid diet with inclusion of rice distiller's residue (RDR). Digesta samples were collected at the start (day 0) and at the end of experiment (day 42). Diet FE had a lower pH than diet RDR, contained more organic acids, had the lowest counts of E. coli and total coliforms (P < 0.05), and the highest counts of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (P < 0.05). Piglets fed diets FE and RDR had lower pH (P < 0.05), and higher concentrations of organic acids in the stomach, ileum and mid-colon (P < 0.05) than piglets fed diet CO. Counts of LAB in stomach and ileum were higher in animals fed diets FE and RDR than CO (P < 0.05), while the number of E. coli and total coliforms along the gastrointestinal tract was reduced. The ileal digestibility of crude protein and organic matter was improved in piglets fed diet RDR (P < 0.05) compared with piglets fed diet CO. Piglets fed diet RDR had a higher weight gain (P < 0.05) and a better feed utilization (P < 0.05) than piglets fed the other diets. The present findings support the contention that fermented diets and/or fermented feedstuffs can be used for dietary manipulation to improve gut health and animal performance.     

日粮锌源和添加水平对断奶仔猪组织锌及粪便排泄锌含量的影响

试验选用21日龄"杜×长×大"三元杂交的断奶仔猪40头,按体重和性别随机分成4组(Ⅰ～Ⅳ组),每组10头猪。分别饲喂添加氧化锌(以锌量计)Ⅰ组(对照组)100 mg/kg、Ⅱ组3 000 mg/kg和蛋氨酸锌(以锌量计)Ⅲ组100 mg/kg、Ⅳ组300 mg/kg的基础日粮,预试验7 d,正式试验42 d,结果表明:高锌3 000 mg/kg氧化锌使肝脏、肾脏和十二指肠锌含量极显著升高(P0.01),十二指肠和肝脏锌含量Ⅳ组显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅲ组,脾脏、淋巴结锌含量各组间差异均不显著(P0.05);高锌日粮可使断奶仔猪粪便中锌排泄浓度显著增加,易造成环境污染,日粮添加相同剂量锌的蛋氨酸锌组猪粪便中锌排泄量低于氧化锌组。     

有机酸在断奶仔猪饲料中的应用研究进展

早期断奶仔猪常出现断奶应激,导致腹泻。有机酸具有多种生理功能,可显著降低断奶应激,减少腹泻,促进生长。因此通过把握有机酸的作用机理,针对仔猪腹泻的原因,了解影响有机酸作用效果的因素,有选择地在饲料中加以使用,可以达到减少断奶应激、促进仔猪生长的目的。     

Effect of antisecretory drugs on experimentally induced weanling diarrhoea in piglets

In 45 newly-weaned 3 to 4-week-old piglets, diarrhoea was induced by a combined infection with transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) strains. In untreated control animals this dual inoculation resulted in profuse diarrhoea, vomiting, hypovolaemic shock and death of 77% of the animals within five days of TGE virus inoculation. Antisecretory drugs were administered intramuscularly for three consecutive days after experimental infection. The neurolepticum chlorpromazine, at 2 mg/kg/24 h, resulted in a significant inhibition of diarrhoea and vomiting, and in an increase in weight gain and survival. Sedation and hypothermia, however, were serious side-effects. The ₂ agonist clonidine, at 80 g/kg/12 h, induced a significant antidiarrhoeal effect and a reduction in mortality. The drug, however, provoked decreased activity of ₂-adrenergic excitation and incoordination. The -adrenergic antagonist propranolol, at 0.33 mg/kg/8 h, and the calcium channel blocker verapamil, at 2 mg/kg/8 h, had no beneficial effect on the experimentally induced diarrhoea.     

The effects of sorbic acid in high moisture sorghum grain diets on performance of weanling swine

Three experiments were conducted with 288 weanling pigs to determine the effects of sorbic acid (SA) added to dry (DSG), high moisture (HMSG) or reconstituted (RSG) sorghum grain diets on gains and feed conversion. Dietary treatments for Exp. 1 were: DSG with and without .1% SA; HMSG with .1% SA and RSG with .1% SA. The DSG diets were fed ad libitum. The HMSG and RSG diets were mixed fresh from oxygen-limiting storage every 3 and 7 d and were also fed ad libitum. Pigs fed RSG diets consumed more feed than those fed HMSG diets (P less than .08). Performance was similar between pigs fed DSG diets without or with SA. Dietary treatments for Exp. 2 and 3 consisted of sorghum grains reconstituted to two moisture contents (MC), with additions of either 0, .05 or .1% SA. The diets were mixed fresh from oxygen-limiting storage every 7 d and fed ad libitum. In Exp. 2 and 3, pigs fed the higher MC diets were more efficient in feed conversion (P less than .03) than those fed the lower MC diets. In Exp. 3, a quadratic response (P less than .04) for average daily gain and average daily feed intake was observed for the main effect of SA. Feed efficiency improved (P less than .05) in a linear fashion as SA levels were increased in the diets. The results of these experiments indicate that weanling pigs may be fed HMSG or RSG without adverse effects on pig performance. Inconsistencies in pig response to SA were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)