大豆耐盐碱种质资源鉴定

盐碱胁迫伴随作物生长各个阶段,筛选获得全生育期耐盐碱大豆资源意义重大。试验通过测定大庆地区盐碱土含盐碱种类、含盐量及pH值等指标,确定筛选用盐碱种类、浓度。在培养皿、发芽袋和盆栽试验筛选中,通过大豆芽期发芽率、芽苗期物质生长量、成熟期物质生长量鉴定耐盐碱大豆种质。结果显示大庆地区盐碱土壤为硫酸盐苏打盐碱土,确定盐碱溶液为NaCl、Na₂CO₃、NaHCO₃和Na₂SO₄（摩尔比为1∶1∶9∶9）的混合盐碱溶液,以Na离子含量计算总盐浓度为80 mmol·L^-1,溶液pH值为8.9,盆栽筛选用土壤盐含量为3.3‰,pH值为8.9。鉴定的887份种质资源中种皮颜色有黑、褐、红、绿、黄及双色等,相关性分析发现大豆耐盐碱性与大豆种皮颜色极显著正相关。通过芽期耐盐碱鉴定,887份大豆资源中筛选获得296份耐以上资源,进一步芽苗期筛选有123份显示高耐,再经过全生育期筛选获得7份高耐资源,5份来源于南方,2份来源于黄淮,62份耐资源,盆栽筛选比例为56.10%。本研究建立了从芽期、芽苗期到全生育期的逐级筛选方法,从887份大豆种质资源中筛选获得69份耐盐碱资源,为耐盐碱育种与耐盐碱基因资源利用提供基础材料。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">In situ</Emphasis> Cross-linked Chitosan Composite Superfine Fiber via Electrospinning and Thermal Treatment for Supporting Palladium Catalyst

Uniform chitosan fibers (CS/PEO) with diameter of 398±76 nm were prepared by electrospinning with merely 5 wt.% of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) loading, and then annealed at elevated temperature without the use of additional crosslinker to improve the thermostability and solvent resistance. Swelling test shows that the CS/PEO composite fibers annealed at 200 oC were stable in 50 wt.% acetic acid aqueous solution. The mechanical strength test shows that the annealing temperature can affect the tensile strength of CS/PEO composite fiber mat. The cross-linked CS/PEO composite fibers provide a useful platform for the immobilization of palladium catalyst to catalyze the Mizoroki-Heck reactions of aromatic halides with olefins. Moreover, these CS/PEO composite fibers could be post modified with special ligands to chelate palladium species efficiently to further improve the catalytic activity and stability.     

Fabrication of Gelatin-Based Electrospun Composite Fibers for Anti-Bacterial Properties and Protein Adsorption

A major goal of biomimetics is the development of chemical compositions and structures that simulate the extracellular matrix. In this study, gelatin-based electrospun composite fibrous membranes were prepared by electrospinning to generate bone scaffold materials. The gelatin-based multicomponent composite fibers were fabricated using co-electrospinning, and the composite fibers of chitosan (CS), gelatin (Gel), hydroxyapatite (HA), and graphene oxide (GO) were successfully fabricated for multi-function characteristics of biomimetic scaffolds. The effect of component concentration on composite fiber morphology, antibacterial properties, and protein adsorption were investigated. Composite fibers exhibited effective antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The study observed that the composite fibers have higher adsorption capacities of bovine serum albumin (BSA) at pH 5.32–6.00 than at pH 3.90–4.50 or 7.35. The protein adsorption on the surface of the composite fiber increased as the initial BSA concentration increased. The surface of the composite reached adsorption equilibrium at 20 min. These results have specific applications for the development of bone scaffold materials, and broad implications in the field of tissue engineering.     

狗牙根耐盐性材料初步筛选

狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)是暖季型草坪草中得分最高,应用最广泛的草种之一,具有耐盐碱,生长快、建坪迅速等优点。本试验采用荷格伦特营养液培养法,依次用20、26、31 g/L的NaCl营养液对403份狗牙根材料进行耐盐处理30 d,筛选出在26 g/L的NaCl溶液中存活的耐盐种质21份,再对这些耐盐种质进行不同盐质量分数梯度(20、22、25、28和30 g/L)复选,初步筛选出较耐盐种质11份,次耐盐种质10份,这些材料为培育耐盐狗牙根品系提供了优良亲本。     

Highly stable coated polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofibers prepared using modified coaxial electrospinning

Hydrophobic polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanofibers, which is intensely hygroscopic, has been successfully prepared to improve their moisture resistance using a modified coaxial electrospinning process. A stearic acid (SA) solution was exploited as the sheath fluid to coat the fibers. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the SA-coated PVP nanofibers became increasingly small with a rise in the sheath-to-core flow rate ratio; continuing to increase the sheath flow rate beyond a cut-off point resulted in nanofibres with very complicated morphologies. Transmission electron microscope images showed that SA formed a thin layer on the PVP nanofibers, with SA nanoparticles present on the fiber surfaces when a sheath-to-core flow rate ratio of 0.2:0.8 was used. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy verified the coating of SA onto the PVP nanofibers, and also the formation of hydrogen bonds between the SA and PVP molecules. The SA-coated PVP nanofibers were found to have much enhanced moisture resistance over pure PVP fibers. Modified coaxial electrospinning hence comprises a novel and powerful strategy for nanocoating and surface modification of polymer nanofibers.     

应用分子标记检测水稻耐盐性的QTL

 利用特三矮2号/CB组合构建了重组自交系群体(RI)。以60个RFLP标记检测142个纯系的基因型。在含有NaCl的电导率为12 dS/m的培养液中鉴定这些纯系的耐盐性。结果表明,RI群体的耐盐性出现超亲分离。构建了一张覆盖11条染色体、含52个标记位点的连锁图。仅检测到一个位于第5染色体的位点(RG13)显著与耐盐性有连锁。该位点的表型贡献率为11.6%。来自母本的该位点可提高耐盐性。分别对RG13与其它59个标记位点间的互作做检测,仅发现3对互作显著,即RG13×RG104; RG13×RG143; RG13×RG716。当来自母本的RG13分别与来自父本的RG104和RG143重组时,均明显提高耐盐性。分别来自母本的RG13和RG716能产生提高耐盐性的互作。这些基因互作结果为超亲分离提供了理论依据。     

Manufacturing and analyses of wet-laid nonwoven consisting of carboxymethyl cellulose fibers

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a cellulose derivative having water-soluble property, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. It has been used in various medical applications as forms of gel, film, membrane, or powder. In this study, composite CMC nonwovens were produced, by a wet-laid nonwoven process, to improve the wet strength of carboxymethyl cellulose nonwovens. Followed by preparing the CMC fibers from cotton fiber, the composite CMC nonwovens composed of CMC fibers and PE/PP bicomponent fibers were manufactured by using 85/15 % v/v of ethanol/water solution as a dispersion medium. Structural analyses of CMC fibers, such as XRD, TGA, FT-IR, and degree of substitution indicated that CMC fibers were successfully produced. The wet strength of CMC nonwoven was dramatically increased by blending with the PE/PP fibers without sacrificing the key properties for wound dressing materials such as liquid absorption, gel blocking and liquid retention. It is expected that the composite CMC nonwovens will be a good candidate for wound dressing materials for mild exudate condition.     

水杨酸诱导的水稻对白叶枯病的系统抗性与未处理叶酶活性的变化

 0.5、2.0 mmol/L 的水杨酸（SA）处理水稻幼苗后第3 天用稻白叶枯菌（Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae）对未处理叶（第3叶，进行SA处理时用塑料袋套住）挑战接种，2周后调查病情，发现病斑长比对照分别下降了10.2%和18.2%，说明SA能诱导水稻幼苗对白叶枯病的系统抗性。酶活性测定表明，两种浓度的SA能明显降低水稻幼苗未处理叶中过氧化氢酶（CAT）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）的活性，而对过氧化物酶（POD）活性无明显影响。两种浓度的SA对未处理叶中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的影响不同，其中0.5 mmol/L 的SA处理下，SOD无明显变化，但20 mmol/L 的SA对SOD活性有较明显的促进作用。SA处理后1～4 d，未处理叶H2O2含量比对照上升了23.6%～72.8％(0.5 mmol/L)和31.2%～122.6％(2.0 mmol/L)。H2O2水平的显著提高可能是H2O2产生加快和降解减慢的共同结果（2.0 mmol/L的SA下），或单纯的降解减慢所致（0.5 mmol/L的SA下）。同时，SA对未处理叶PAL活性有促进作用。提示在水稻中，SA对水稻抗白叶枯病的系统诱导作用可能与H2O2积累和PAL活性的升高有关。     

盐胁迫对燕麦种子萌发、幼苗生长及叶片质膜透性的影响

为给燕麦抗盐育种和栽培提供理论依据,用不同梯度的NaCl和Na2SO4复盐溶液胁迫处理7个燕麦品种,研究了盐胁迫对燕麦种子萌发、幼苗生长和叶片质膜透性的影响.结果表明,盐胁迫对燕麦种子萌发和幼苗的生长有抑制效应,而且随着盐浓度的增加,相对发芽率、发芽指教、简易活力指教、幼苗根长和株高逐渐降低,叶片质膜透性逐渐增加.主成分分析表明,相对发芽率、发芽指数、简易活力指数是主要的耐盐性鉴定指标.在7个燕麦品种中,白燕2号和苏维埃339耐盐性强.大燕麦和内农大莜1号中度耐盐,而Sibsiae、加2和原294耐盐性较差,属不耐盐类型.     

多巴胺引发对盐胁迫下水稻种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

[目的]探讨多巴胺(Dopamine,DA)引发对盐胁迫下水稻种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.[方法]以新疆自育水稻品种新稻17号为研究对象,分别用0(纯水)、0.1、0.5、1、1.5 mg/L的DA溶液(分别用S0、S0.1、S0.5、S1、S1.5表示)引发种子,采用浓度为100 mmol/L的NaCl溶液模拟盐胁迫,...     

甜瓜萌芽期耐盐性筛选

以24个甜瓜品种为试材,测定盐胁迫下甜瓜种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、芽长、芽鲜重等5个指标,利用隶属函数法进行耐盐性综合评价并通过聚类分析对甜瓜材料进行种群划分.结果表明:150 mmol/L为甜瓜耐盐性筛选的适宜盐浓度,以5个指标的综合隶属函数值作为耐盐评价指标,筛选出4个相对耐盐品种(花皮甜香瓜、白雪公主、超甜小麦酥和风光黄蜜宝),7个相对盐敏感品种(黄金蜜、金红蜜、金满地、雪丽、超甜白糖罐、日本雪蜜、丰甜一号).     

Spinning of polyacrylamidoximes by solution blowing technique: Synthesis and characterization

A novel route for the production of polyacryloamidoxime nano-fibers is described. The innovative solution blowing spinning technique is used for the production of polyacryloamidoxime nano-fibers. The polyacryloamidoxime was prepared by the amidoximation of the acrylonitrile groups in a non-aqueous medium (DMF) using the least possible amount of hydroxylamine. A comparison study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the amidoximation reaction in aqueous or non-aqueous media. As the presented method is acquiring only 0.5 g/g hydroxylamine, at 50 °C for 7 h to achieve 63.1 % conversions, also solution blowing is an alternative technique for manufacturing of micro- and nano-fibers. The morphological structure, the chemical nature as well as the dyeability of the obtained fibers are illustrated. The obtained nano polyacryloamidoxime fibers show superior adsorption ability toward copper ions. Results showed that the present work presents a promising synthesis root for spinnable polyacryloamidoxime.     

The preparation and characterization of conductive poly(ethylene terephthalate)/polyaniline composite fibers using benzoyl peroxide

Conductive polyaniline (PAn)/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) composite fibers were prepared by chemical polymerization of aniline in the presence of PET fibers using benzoyl peroxide (Bz₂O₂) in organic solvent/aqueous hydrochloric acid mixtures. The effects of polymerization conditions such as organic solvent/water ratio, oxidant, aniline and hydrochloric acid concentrations and temperature were investigated on the amount of PAn deposited on PET fiber and the electrical surface resistance of composite fibers. The maximum PAn content and the lowest electrical surface resistance of composite fibers were observed at HCl concentrations of 0.5 mol L⁻¹. The properties of PAn/PET composite fibers such as density, diameter, tensile strength and breaking elongation were also investigated in comparison with those of pure PET. Characterization of conductive composite fibers was carried out by FTIR, TGA, SEM techniques, surface resistance measurements, and cross section images taken by optical microscope.     

三种浸种剂对Na2SO4胁迫下小麦种子萌发期耐盐性的影响

为了解黄腐酸、褪黑素、水杨酸三种浸种剂对硫酸盐胁迫下小麦种子萌发期耐盐性的调节效应,分别采用不同浓度的黄腐酸(0.5、1.0和1.5 g·L^-1)、褪黑素(0.01、0.05和0.10 mmol·L^-1)、水杨酸(0.1、0.5和1.0 mmol·L^-1)对小麦进行浸种处理,随后与未处理的小麦种子一并采用100 mmol·L^-1 Na₂SO₄溶液培养,测定各处理下小麦种子萌发期的生长生理指标,并通过主成分分析综合评价其耐盐性。结果表明,0.5～1.5 g·L^-1的黄腐酸、0.01～0.10 mmol·L^-1褪黑素、0.1～0.5 mmol·L^-1水杨酸浸种均提升了小麦根系活力、体内抗氧化酶活性,降低了小麦体内超氧阴离子自由基■产生速率及丙二醛(MDA)含量,缓解了盐分对小麦种子萌发的胁迫程度,增强了小麦种子萌发期的耐盐性,促进了小麦的萌发生长。其中,1.5 g·L^-1的...     

盐碱胁迫对花生种子发芽特性影响及盐害综合鉴定评价

随着土壤盐碱地面积不断扩大,盐碱胁迫成为影响花生萌发的重要因素之一。为探究花生品种耐盐碱特性,筛选耐盐碱花生品种,以发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和盐害率为指标,益花1号、花育25号、花育39号、汾花1号、豫花37号为试验材料,分析NaCl、NaHCO₃和NaCl+NaHCO₃（1∶1）3种盐碱类型,4种胁迫浓度（0.3%、0.6%、0.9%、1.2%）对花生种子萌发的影响,对比分析各指标间的差异,并进行耐盐碱能力评价。研究结果表明,盐碱胁迫抑制种子萌发,随着盐碱溶液浓度增加发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数均呈下降趋势,盐害率呈上升趋势,且NaCl+NaHCO₃（1∶1）胁迫程度大于NaCl和NaHCO₃,0.9%和1.2%浓度下种子不萌发。盐害等级划分结果与隶属函数综合评价结果显示,益花1号在3种盐碱胁迫下耐盐碱水平均较高,花育39号在各盐碱胁迫下耐盐碱性最差;益花1号为盐碱胁迫下的优势品种;新疆盐碱土壤类型主要为混合盐碱,综合各指标考虑,0.6%的胁迫浓度可作为评价各品种的耐盐碱性强弱的参考浓度。     

Preparation of regenerated cellulose fiber via carbonation (II)

Sodium cellulose carbonate (CC-Na) dissolved in 8.5 wt% NaOH/ZnO (100/2–3, w/w) aqueous solution was spun into some acidic coagulant systems. Diameter of regenerated cellulose fibers obtained was in the range of 15–50μm. Serrated or circular cross sectional views were obtained by controlling salt concentration or acidity in the acid/salt/water coagulant systems. Velocity ratio of take-up to spinning was controlled up to 4/1 with increasing spinning velocity from 5 to 40 m/min. Skin structure of was developed at lower acidity or higher concentration of coagulants. Fineness, tenacity and elongation of the regenerated cellulose fibers were in the range of 1.5–27 denier, 1.2–2.2 g/d, and 8–11.3%, respectively. All of CC-Na and cellulose fibers spun from CC-Na exhibited cellulose II crystalline structure. Crystallinity index was increased with increasing take-up speed.     

粗厚山羊草细胞质对普通小麦耐盐性的遗传效应

以具有粗厚山羊草(Aegilops crassa 6x)细胞质的异源细胞质小麦为材料，采用加盐培养基进行幼穗愈伤组织诱导(生长)、盐溶液种子发芽、盐溶液幼苗培养和戍株模拟盐池生长等方法研究了粗厚山羊草细胞质对小麦耐盐性的遗传效应，旨在为小麦耐盐育种提供理论依据和种质资源材料。结果表明：粗厚山羊草细胞质对小麦的耐盐性具有明显的遗传效应，其效应值的性质、大小与核亲本品种的基因型有关，在特定的核质组合中粗厚山羊草细胞质可明显提高小麦的耐盐性。异质系Ae.crassa 6x-鉴26和Ae.crassa 6x-SMH1694在幼穗愈伤组织诱导、种子发芽阶段和三叶期的耐盐性比相应核亲本明显增强。返青期和成熟期的鉴定结果表明，一些经核基因型改良的粗厚山羊草细胞质小麦的耐盐性超过或接近抗盐对照品种科遗26。进一步研究粗厚山羊草细胞质提高小麦耐盐性的遗传机制，必将拓宽小麦耐盐育种途径。     

NaCl胁迫对黑麦根尖细胞染色体行为的影响

黑麦是一种耐盐、抗寒、抗旱性强的作物，其根系比小麦发达，是改良小走抗性的重要外源基因供体，为了丰富小麦遗传变异，挖掘黑走在小麦遣传改良中的利用潜力，本实验采用不同浓度的NaCl溶液，用两类不同方法对黑走分别处理24h和48h(共四种处理)。观察其根尖分生组织细胞的染色体行为。结果表明，经NaCl胁迫后的根尖细胞染色体行为产生异常(处理24h，引起染色体畸变的盐浓度范围≥0．15mol／L；处理48h，盐浓度范圈是≥0．10mol／L)，且随着NaCl溶液浓度的升高染色体异常行为不断增多，二者呈极显著正相关。其异常行为类型有微钕、多按(2～3按)、小细胞按(细胞按高度浓缩)、染色体粘连、断裂、染色体桥、染色体落后、染色体多极分布扣不均等分离，四种处理作以比较，发现萌发后根长0．5～1cm再进行盐处理48h，染色体受到的影响最大，染色体畸变率量高。     

天然胶乳的常压氢化及产物性能

应用NH4H40（水合腓）/H02/CuSO4催化体系在常压下使天然胶乳氢化制备氢化天然橡胶,结果表明硬脂酸钠、五水硫酸铜、水合腓用量及反应温度对HNR饱和度有显著的影响,当没有外加硬脂酸钠,铜离子与天然橡胶干胶分子链上双键的摩尔数之比为1∶1000,水合腓与干胶分子链上双键的摩尔数之比为1.4∶1,反应温度45℃时,HNR饱和度可达到64.6%。天然橡胶氢化后,其硫化胶力学性能得到改善,耐老化性能显著提高。     

玉米芽期耐盐与敏感基因型的筛选

以29份玉米品种为试验材料,设置5个Na Cl浓度处理,分别为0(对照)、50、100、150、200 mmol/L,筛选耐盐碱性较强的品种。结果表明,试验条件下,200 mmol/LNa Cl为玉米芽期耐盐性筛选的理想鉴定浓度,东方红2号、郑单958、良玉99高度耐盐;庆单3等9个品种较耐盐;登海618等7个品种中度耐盐;先玉335等6个品种对盐分敏感;农华106和农华101对盐分高度敏感。