施磷肥对木犀苗生长的影响

研究了7种施磷肥(P2O5 12%的过磷酸钙)量(0~0.750 g·盆-1)对1年生木犀Osmanthus fragrans苗生长的影响。结果表明:施磷量和木犀苗木的生长、生理指标密切相关;施磷量在0~0.375 g·盆-1时,苗高、地径、叶面积、各部位生物量、叶绿素等方面均随施磷量的增加而增加,当施磷量超过0.375 g·盆-1时,上述指标均呈现下降趋势;木犀苗木的各项指标与磷肥用量之间存在二次函数关系,计算得出1年生木犀苗木的最佳磷肥施用量为0.28~0.46 g·盆-1。     

施氮肥对桂花扦插苗生长的影响

通过对1年生橙红丹桂扦插苗进行7水平的施氮肥试验,测定其苗高、地径、生物量和叶绿素含量,研究不同氮肥用量对盆栽橙红丹桂生长的影响。结果表明,(1)不同的施氮量对桂花苗木的生长生理指标有显著影响,施氮(纯氮)量在0~0.745g/盆范围内,桂花各项生长、生理指标均随施氮量的增加而增加。(2)桂花苗木的各项生长指标与氮施用量之间存在二次函数关系,根据关系方程求得1年生桂花扦插苗苗木的合理氮肥施用量,为纯氮0.78~0.92g/盆。     

不同氮磷钾含量的施肥配比对半年生杨叶肖槿苗木生长及生理的影响

0,5年生杨叶肖槿盆苗育苗期不同氮、磷、钾含量的施肥配比对其苗木生长及生理影响的试验结果表明：促进其苗高、地茎、叶片数及叶绿素含量4个指标的较优施肥配比为N0．7g·盆^-1、P2O5 0g·盆^-1、K2O0．7g·盆^-1。与对照相比,其苗高提高了1.54倍、地径提高了0．77倍、叶片数增加12．8片、叶绿素含量增加了0．99倍;影响苗木根、茎、叶干重3个指标的较优施肥配比为N0．7g·盆^-1、P2O5 0．7g·盆^-1、K2O0g·盆^-1,其苗木根、茎、叶的干重分别比对照增加了7.00倍、7．66倍、8．54倍;而促进其苗木叶片净光合速率的较优施肥配比为N0．7g·盆^-1、P2O5 0.35g·盆^-1．K2O1．4g·盆^-1,上午10：00时的苗木叶片净光合速率比对照提高2．25μmol／m2·s．在育苗期施肥管理时施用N、P、K3种肥料对杨叶肖槿苗木生长和生理影响的效应不同,以N肥的影响力最大,其次是P,K的影响效应最小。     

不同氮磷钾施肥配比对海芒果苗期生长的影响

不同氮磷钾配施对半年生海芒果盆苗生长影响的试验结果表明:促进苗高和地径生长的较优施肥配比为N0.7 g.盆-1、P2O50 g.盆-1、K2O 0.7 g.盆-1,苗高达到84.60 cm,比对照提高了58%,地径达到1.42 cm,比对照增加了5%;提高海芒果苗木根、茎、叶干质量及叶片叶绿素含量的较优施肥配比分别为N0.7 g.盆-1、P2O50.7g.盆-1、K2O 0 g.盆-1,其中根干质量较对照增加了66%,茎干质量较对照增加了124%,叶干质量较对照增加了103%,叶绿素含量最高达4.08 mg.g-1,比对照增加了86%;影响海芒果苗木净光合速率的较优施肥配比为N1.4g.盆-1、P2O50.35 g.盆-1、K2O0 g.盆-1,叶片净光合速率最高为10.81μmol.m-2.s-1,较同时刻对照处理的叶片净光合速率提高了2.44μmol.m-2.s-1。     

不同施肥量对辣木幼苗生长、光合和养分特征的影响

以辣木(Moringa oleifera)品种云南极品27号为材料,采用盆栽试验研究不同施肥量处理对辣木幼苗生长指标、光合参数和养分吸收利用的影响。结果表明：随施肥量增多,辣木幼苗的株高、地径、生物量、根长、根直径、根体积、根表面积等生长指标基本表现为先升高后降低的趋势,施肥量为N9P4.5K4.5 g·株-1时达到最高,单株生物量和壮苗指数分别为对照的3.99和1.53倍;适量施肥能显著提高辣木幼苗的光合能力,有利于生物量的积累。随着施肥量的增加,辣木幼苗叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、水分利用效率先升高后降低,而蒸腾速率、气孔导度则随施肥量的增加而加大;辣木幼苗根、茎、叶组织中N、P、K含量随施肥量的增加先增多后减少,表观吸收率和施肥效率随施肥量增加显著降低,施肥量增加对根系的影响最大;施肥量为N12P6K6 g·株-1时辣木幼苗各生长、光合、养分含量指标均有所降低,根冠比最低,壮苗指数显著低于对照水平,明显抑制辣木幼苗的生长。总之,辣木幼苗最适施肥量为N9P4.5K4.5 g·株-1,施肥量为N12P6K6 g·株-1时抑制辣木幼苗的生长。     

供氮水平对田间桑树叶片产量及其生理特性的影响

为了探寻龙桑一号的适宜施氮量,从而指导桑农科学施用氮肥,以桑树品种龙桑一号为试验材料,在大田条件下研究了不同供氮(纯氮)水平(0、48.3、96.6、144.9、193.2和241.5kg.hm-2)对桑树叶片产量及其生理特性的影响情况。结果表明:当施氮量为0～193.2kg.hm-2时,桑树单株枝条数、单枝叶片数、单叶面积、单叶质量和单株产叶量均随供氮水平的增加而增加,而当施氮量达到241.5kg.hm-2时,桑树单叶面积、叶片质量和单株产叶量反而有所降低;施氮量在0～144.9kg.hm-2范围内,桑树叶片中的全氮(N)和全磷(P)含量均随施氮量的增加而提高,而当施氮量超过144.9kg.hm-2时,叶片中的全氮和全磷含量随着施氮量的增加反而有所降低,这说明施氮量过高反而降低了桑树对N和P的吸收;随着供氮水平的增加,桑树叶片中的叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量均随施氮量的增加而增加。从氮肥对桑树产叶量及其生理特性的影响情况来看,桑树品种龙桑一号田间的最佳施氮量为144.9～193.2kg.hm-2。     

不同肥料养分配比对油茶叶片营养和生理特性的影响

以5年生岑溪软枝油茶(Camellia oleifera)林为研究对象,研究不同肥料养分配比对油茶叶片营养和叶绿素等生理指标的影响。结果显示,与对照对比,不同肥料养分配比油茶叶片营养元素含量均有所提高,按大小排列依次为F3(N∶P2O5∶K2O为16∶6∶8)F2(N∶P2O5∶K2O为15∶7∶8)F1(N∶P2O5∶K2O为14∶7∶9);就生理指标而言,与对照相比,不同肥料养分配比处理油茶叶片叶绿素a+b、硝酸还原酶活性和过氧化物酶活性变化的幅度分别为1.19%~11.90%、9.92%~43.65%、-8.05%~42.95%;处理F3(N∶P2O5∶K2O为16∶6∶8)在提高叶片营养和生理特性方面效果最佳。     

氮素添加对墨西哥柏人工林生长和生理特性的影响

为研究氮素添加对墨西哥柏人工林生长和生理特性的影响,以盱眙6年生墨西哥柏人工林为研究对象,试验中设置6个氮素添加水平,探讨不同氮素添加水平对墨西哥柏人工林树高、胸径、叶片非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)含量以及叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明:(1)在生长初期(4-5月)、速生期(5-7月),氮素添加对墨西哥柏树高、胸径相对生长速率产生显著影响,以N3(72kg/hm~2·a)为最佳施氮量。(2)氮素添加促进了墨西哥柏叶片NSC的转移和消耗。在生长初期(4-5月)、速生期(5-7月),各施肥样地叶片NSC较CK样地呈现不同程度的降低。(3)施氮肥对墨西哥柏叶片叶绿素合成起到了促进作用。过量施氮肥会使对植物光合色素合成的促进作用变弱或者产生抑制。因此,适量施氮肥有利于墨西哥柏人工林生长,对其生理特性有显著的积极影响。     

氮磷施肥对落叶松叶片非结构性碳浓度的影响

树木叶片非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)与N、P元素供应的关系是值得研究的科学问题。本文在黑龙江省尚志市东北林业大学帽儿山实验林场,选择11年生的落叶松(Larix olgensis)人工林进行为期2 a的N、P施肥试验,施N和施P处理各设置4个水平,于8月末采集树冠中部叶片测定N、P、可溶性糖和淀粉浓度。研究结果表明:施N导致落叶松叶片N浓度明显增加,P浓度明显降低。叶片N/P与施N量呈正相关,只在最大施N量20 g/m2(N3处理)时N/P14,说明落叶松生长主要受N限制。所有施N处理均导致叶片可溶性糖和NSC浓度显著降低,而淀粉浓度只在N量为5 g/m2(N1处理)时明显降低。施N后叶片可溶性糖/N、淀粉/N和NSC/N的比值显著下降,叶片可溶性糖/P、淀粉/P和NSC/P的比值均增加。施P后叶片P浓度增加不明显,叶片N浓度无显著变化。施P导致叶片N/P降低,进一步增加了落叶松的N限制。施P后叶片可溶性糖/P、淀粉/P、NSC/P的比值与未施P处理相比均无显著差异。上述研究结果说明,对于落叶松当N成为生长的限制元素时,施N将导致叶片NSC浓度明显降低。     

配方施肥对椿叶花椒苗木生长和生理指标的影响

通过N、P、K 3因素3水平的正交试验,探索配方施肥对盆栽椿叶花椒苗木生长及生理指标的影响.结果表明:(1)不同比例的N、P、K肥配施后,处理4至处理9对苗木各项指标均有极显著的影响,处理4有利于椿叶花椒苗木地径的增长,处理6对苗木的苗高增长最明显,处理5有利于生物量的积累,处理9有利于苗木叶片叶绿素含量、光合速率的提高;(2)N元素对椿叶花椒苗木生长和生理效应的影响极为显著,PK的影响很小;(3)根据N、P、K肥的施用量和苗木各项生长和生理指标测定值进行了二次函数关系方程的模拟,可据此分别求得各指标最大收获量所对应的合理施肥量.     

Root system of Quercus suber L. seedlings in response to herbaceous competition and different watering and fertilisation regimes

Different management practices are commonly applied to increase pasture yield of Mediterranean open woodlands, but the consequences of increasing competition for soil resources with these practices on tree recruitment are still unknown. In a greenhouse study, belowground competition of Quercus suber L. seedlings growing together with natural (Oak_NP) or improved pasture (Oak_IP) was evaluated, and their root systems compared with those of seedlings growing in bare soil (Oak_BS). Two watering levels and two regimes of P₂O₅ fertilisation were also tested. Because of competition, the Oak_IP seedlings had their fine root mass density, coarse root length, and shoot mass reduced by up to 40, 36, and 39%, respectively, when compared to Oak_NP seedlings. Oak_NP and Oak_BS seedlings showed similar average root density parameters and shoot mass values, indicating that Q. suber seedlings growing with natural pasture is a low competitive system. High availability of water and phosphorus did not mitigate the strength of competition between herbaceous plants and oak seedlings, and favoured the pasture to the detriment of the trees. Our findings suggest that P₂O₅ fertilisation and irrigation practices performed to improve herbaceous productivity will negatively influence recruitment of Q. suber seedlings.     

钙浓度对马尾松幼苗生长和生理特征的影响

[目的]在不同供Ca2+水平下对马尾松幼苗生长及生理特性进行研究,以确定适宜马尾松生长的钙浓度,为马尾松人工林培育及合理施用钙肥提供参考。[方法]以半年生马尾松幼苗为试材,采用温室内砂培,研究不同供Ca2+水平(0.0、0.4、1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0 mmol·L~(-1)(CK))对马尾松生长及生理指标的影响。[结果]不同供Ca2+水平处理5个月后,在Ca2+水平为1.0、2.0 mmol·L~(-1)时,马尾松幼苗的株高增量和地径增量较高,其中,2.0 mmol·L~(-1)Ca2+水平的株高增量和地径增量最高。马尾松幼苗对Ca2+水平适应能力强弱顺序为2.01.00.43.00.04.0 mmol·L~(-1)(CK)。在不同生长期内,随着供Ca2+水平的增加,马尾松针叶中ROS(O2-产生速率、H2O2浓度)、MDA含量、抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT和APX)活性、抗氧化物质(GSH、As A)含量、脯氨酸含量均先降低后增加,最小值均在1.0 mmol·L~(-1)或2.0 mmol·L~(-1)处理中;类胡萝卜素含量先增加后降低,其最高值均在2.0 mmol·L~(-1)处理中。马尾松幼苗的株高增量和地径增量与类胡萝卜素含量关系不明显,而与其他生理指标均呈显著负相关。[结论]马尾松幼苗适宜在1.0 2.0 mmol·L~(-1)Ca2+水平的环境中生长。在马尾松林地中,应对土壤有效钙含量进行测定,并结合植株的生长和生理特征进行综合评价后,科学合理施肥以提高生产力。     

不同磷水平下刺梨实生苗生长及根系形态特征与内源激素含量的关系

【目的】探究不同磷水平对‘贵农5号’刺梨实生苗生长、根系形态变化的影响及其与内源激素的相互作用,了解刺梨应对低磷胁迫的适应策略,为喀斯特地区低磷土壤刺梨的磷养分管理和生长调控提供科学依据。【方法】采用基质培养方法,设5、25、45、65和85 mg·L^-1有效磷含量的5个供磷水平处理,对不同处理的生长和根系形态指标及叶、根中内源激素含量进行测定,解析不同磷水平下根系形态与内源激素含量变化的关系。【结果】1) 45 mg·L^-1磷水平下实生苗生长的最好,整株生物量、主根长度、总根尖数和根的总长度、总体积、总表面积、平均直径、侧根长度和数量、一级侧根密度均最大,根和叶中的GA₁₊₃含量最高,ABA含量最低。2)供磷水平低于或高于45 mg·L^-1后,植株生长受到抑制,生物量明显减小,GA₁₊₃含量降低,ABA含量增大,上述根系形态指标变小。在5 mg·L^-1的低磷胁迫下,植株根冠比、2级、3级侧根密度和根毛的密度及长度达到最大。3)根和叶中的IAA及ZR含量随磷水平的降低而增大。4)不同磷水平下植株的生长指标和生物量大小与根和叶中的IAA和ZR含量间均表现出极显著(P<0. 01)的一元二次非线性回归关系,与GA₁₊₃和ABA的含量分别呈极显著(P<0. 01)正相关和极显著(P<0. 01)负相关。供磷水平过低、过高对植株生长的抑制是IAA、ZR、GA₁₊₃、ABA含量改变后协同作用的结果。低磷水平下根的生长抑制与叶和根中的IAA、ZR和ABA含量增大和GA₁₊₃含量降低有关,高浓度的GA₁₊₃和低浓度的ABA能促进主根的伸长和侧根的形成,而高浓度的IAA和ZR对根毛的形成及伸长和增加根毛的密度有促进作用。【结论】45 mg·L^-1磷水平下刺梨实生苗生长和根系发育最好,主根长度、总根尖数和根的总长度、总体积、总表面积、平均直径、侧根长度和数量、一级侧根密度最大。降低或提高磷水平后植株生长受到抑制,上述根系形态指标随之变小。低磷胁迫下刺梨实生苗根冠比和2、3级侧根密度、根毛密度及长度明显增大。供磷水平变化导致刺梨实生苗叶和根中IAA、ZR、GA₁₊₃、ABA的含量发生改变,并共同对植株生长和根系形态变化产生协同调控作用。根冠比的增大,2、3级侧根密度和根毛密度及长度的增加是刺梨实生苗应对低磷胁迫采取的适应策略,根和叶中高水平的ZR和IAA发挥重要的促进和调控作用。     

Effects of different concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus on chlorophyll biosynthesis, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and photosynthesis in Larix olgensis seedlings

In our experiments, one-year-old Larix olgensis seedlings were cultivated in sand, and supplied with solutions with different concentrations of nitrate or phosphate. The effects of nitrogen and phosphorus supply on chlorophyll biosynthesis, total nitrogen content, and photosynthetic rate were studied. The experimental results are listed below: 1) 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthetic rate increased as nitrate concentrations supplied to larch seedlings increased from 1 to 8 mmol/L. But the rate decreased by 17% when nitrate concentration increased to 16 mmol/L, in contrast to the control. Under phosphate treatments, ALA synthetic rates were similar to those under nitrate treatments. The activities of porphobilinogen (PBG) synthase reached a maximum when larch seedlings were supplied with 8 mmol/L of nitrate or 1 mmol/L of phosphate. 2) when larch seedlings were supplied with 8 mmol/L of nitrate and 0.5 mmol/L of phosphate, the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids reached a maximum. The total nitrogen contents in leaves increased as nitrate concentrations increased. 3) When phosphate concentrations increased from 0.125 to 1 mmol/L, the total nitrogen contents in leaves slightly increased; however, continuous increase of phosphate concentrations resulted in the decrease in total nitrogen contents in leaves. When nitrate concentrations increased from 1 to 8 mmol/L, soluble protein contents in leaves increased in general, and continuous increase of nitrate concentrations induced a decrease in soluble protein contents in leaves. Under treatment of 0.25 mmol/L of phosphate, the soluble protein contents reached a maximum. 4) In general, F _v/F _m increased as nitrate concentrations increased from 1 to 8 mmol/L, and continuous increase of nitrate concentration resulted in decrease in F _v/F _m. The similar changes occurred under phosphate treatments. As nitrate concentrations increased from 1 to 8 mmol/L, photosynthetic rates gradually increased, but when nitrate concentrations increased to 16 mmol/L, photosynthetic rate reduced by 16%, in contrast to the control. Photosynthetic rates reached a maximum when seedlings were supplied with 1 mmol/L, and an oversupply of phosphate (2 mmol/L) resulted in decrease in photosynthetic rates. The results suggested that supply levels of nitrogen affected ALA biosynthetic rates, activities of PBG synthase, and affected contents of chlorophyll and carotenoids. Moreover, nitrogen supply levels affected contents of total nitrogen and soluble proteins in leaves, and net photosynthetic rates. ALA biosynthesis rates and activities of PBG synthase were affected by phosphate supply, but contents of chlorophyll and carotenoids were not affected. And net photosynthetic rates were affected little by phosphate supply. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2005, 41(4) [译自:林业科学, 2005, 41(4)]     

Eco-Toxicological Effects of Crude Oil Pollution on Rhizophora racemosa G.Mey.

An experiment was conducted in 2008 in Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria to evaluate the eco-toxicological effects of crude oil pollution on Rhizophora racemosa seedlings. Five crude oil levels of 0.0, 12.0, 18.0, 24.0, and 30.0% w/w per 1.5 kg of flood soils served as the treatments. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The results showed that oil pollution at 18.0, 24.0, and 30.0% significantly affected (p ≤ .05) the seedlings of the test plant in terms of plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, collar diameter and root, growth at the 5% probability level when compared with the seedlings grown in the unpolluted soils and those exposed to 12.0% of the oil. Root growth of the seedlings was significantly reduced (p ≤ .05) with increasing oil levels. At 30.0% oil treatment, root hairs were totally absent. The study has established that R. racemosa seedlings tolerated all the crude oil concentrations used. No death was recorded throughout the period although significant reductions were noticed with increasing oil levels and this may have implications on the growth and establishment of the red mangrove. Conclusively, R. racemosa seedlings as a bio-indicator of pollution can be recommended for use in area of low levels of pollution for environmental clean-up or bioremediation.     

杉木对低磷胁迫的响应和生理适应机制

[目的]研究低磷胁迫对杉木幼苗各种抗氧化酶等生理指标的变化影响,探讨抗氧化酶活性与杉木耐低磷能力的关系,揭示低磷胁迫下杉木养分吸收的适应机制,阐明杉木体内生物大分子对低磷胁迫的响应。[方法]通过设置不同磷浓度(0、0.25、0.50、1.00 mmol·L~(-1))Hoagland营养液,模拟低磷胁迫试验,测定低磷胁迫对杉木幼苗的生理指标的影响,研究低磷胁迫对杉木幼苗养分吸收的影响机制以及测定杉木幼苗不同部位的光谱特性。[结果]随着缺磷程度的增加,杉木幼苗中SOD活性、CAT活性以及叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素总量均先升后降,根系中POD活性呈现出升高的趋势、MDA含量先降再升后降,叶片中POD活性和MDA含量先降后升。低磷胁迫对杉木幼苗根系和叶片吸收利用营养元素有显著影响。杉木苗根系所含的Mn随着缺磷程度的增加呈上升趋势,而Al和Cu先降后升,Fe和K则有所下降,Ca先升后降。此外,杉木叶片中Fe和Mn的积累量呈降低的趋势,Cu和K先升后降。低磷胁迫对杉木幼苗根系和叶片组织在3 367、2 924、1 736、1 630、1 380、1 150 1 000 cm~(-1)处特征峰吸光值影响不同。[结论]低磷胁迫下,杉木幼苗的根系和叶片会通过改变保护酶(SOD、CAT和POD)活性抑制MDA形成,降低膜脂过氧化对细胞膜系统的破坏,通过增加对其他养分元素的吸收来规避损伤以及通过改变不同部位糖类、氨基酸和蛋白质等物质含量来适应低磷环境。     

核桃子苗砧嫁接及相关生理指标的研究

2004年在北京门头沟区科技开发实验基地研究了核桃子苗嫁接技术和核桃子苗砧嫁接过程中相关生理指标的变化.结果表明:2 000 mg·L-1GA3浸泡种子、摘心处理能显著提高砧木茎粗度;愈合环境温度控制在26 ℃,锯末含水量控制在410 g·kg-1,箱上打孔,嫁接成活率可达80%以上;子苗展真叶1 ～10片时,IAA、GA3、ZR含量与IAA/ABA值相对较高;砧穗愈合过程中,砧木的可溶性糖、蛋白质含量与IAA/ABA值先降后升再降,PPO活性呈相反趋势,IAA、GA3、ZR含量先降后升,ABA含量一直呈缓慢上升的趋势.     

Gas exchange,water relations and morphology of yellow-cedar seedlings and stecklings before planting and during field establishment

Information is lacking on how yellow-cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don.) Spach) stecklings compare with seedlings in their response to potentially limiting field site environmental conditions. Before planting, yellow-cedar seedlings and stecklings were characterized at 5 and 22°C root temperatures for gas exchange parameters (n=6), root growth capacity (n=12) and plant water movement (n=6) using a fully randomized design in a controlled environment growth room. Seedlings, compared with stecklings (t-test), showed a faster (p=0.01) recovery of net photosynthesis (P_n) and stomatal conductance (g_wv) after root temperature increased from 5 to 22°C. Seedlings had greater (p=0.05) root growth capacity (number of new roots 0.5 cm in length) than stecklings after 14 days at 22°C and after 14 days at 5°C followed by 15 days at 22°C. Seedlings had a lower (p=0.01) resistance to plant water movement measured after 29 days (14 days at 5°C followed by 15 days at 22°C root temperature).Seedlings and stecklings were planted on a coastal British Columbia field site and monitored for 1) morphological development and physiological response to ambient site conditions throughout the first growing season, and 2) physiological response to drought conditions during late summer. Both trials used a fully randomized design and stock type means were compared using t-tests (p=0.10, 0.05, and 0.01). Initially, seedlings were taller (p=0.01) than stecklings but otherwise morphologically similar (n=20). Over a 35 week period after planting, stecklings had greater incremental height growth, while seedlings produced a greater (p=0.01) number of roots extending out of the root plug. Seedlings and stecklings (n=6) had similar P_n and g_wv patterns under late spring environmental conditions. However, seedlings had greater P_n and g_wv under cold temperature (p=0.05 and p=0.1, respectively) and drought conditions (p=0.05 and p=0.01, respectively), but during conditions of high evaporative demand and adequate soil moisture, stecklings had greater (p=0.01) P_n and g_wv. Seedlings had higher (p=0.01) daily integrated shoot water potential values (D) at different times during the growing season, and maintained higher (p=0.05) predawn (_pd) shoot water-potential values, higher (D) (p=0.01) and lower (p=0.01) resistance to plant water movement (R_SPAC) during drought conditions.     

Phytoremediation Characteristics of Pb and Cd Contaminated Soils by Ginkgo Seedling

In this article,we investigated effects of lead and cadmium on the biomass of ginkgo seedlings, and roles of the seedlings in accumulation characteristics of the heavy metals and remediation of the soil contaminated by Cd²⁺ or Pb²⁺ as well as their combination.The results showed that both Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ significantly or very significantly reduced biomass increment of ginkgo seedlings,with Pb²⁺ more adverse than Cd²⁺.The Cd²⁺-Pb²⁺ compound pollution further reduced biomass increment of ginkgo seedlings.The mass fractions and enrichment coefficient of Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ in ginkgo seedlings were in an order of root>stem>leaf,which was in favor of transportation Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ from root to stem and leave.The Cd²⁺-Pb²⁺ compound pollution promoted ginkgo seedling absorption to Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺.The capacity of the upward transport of Pb²⁺ was greater than that of Cd²⁺,which suggested an obvious dose-effect and synergistic effect.Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ accumulations in ginkgo seedlings were relatively large.The accumulation in roots was higher than that in stems and leaves.The ability of the absorption,transportation and accumulation of ginkgo seedlings to Pb²⁺ was relatively greater under Cd²⁺-Pb²⁺ compound pollution.The phytoremediation efficiency of Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ was relatively high.     

Cu、Zn制剂对油橄榄容器苗生长和根系的影响

[目的]针对油橄榄容器苗存在主根较为粗大、须根极少、根系盘绕等现象开展化学制剂控根试验,找出适宜油橄榄容器苗的化学控根试剂,从而解决根系畸形导致的油橄榄苗木质量差等问题。[方法]采用4种不同浓度的CuSO_4制剂及ZnSO_4制剂对油橄榄2年生容器苗进行控根试验,测定苗高、地径及地上部、下部生物量,通过根系扫描仪分析根系生长特点,探讨各项生长指标以及生理指标对控根效果的影响。[结果]显示:(1)20 g·L~(-1)和60 g·L~(-1)的Cu制剂可提高容器苗的地上部分生长量;60 g·L~(-1)和200 g·L~(-1)的Cu制剂可显著增加生物量的积累。(2)200 g·L~(-1)的Cu制剂对苗木新根着生效果最为显著;120 g·L~(-1)的Cu制剂对根系的直径、表面积和体积有良好的促进作用;而不同ZnSO_4控根制剂处理对苗木侧根的各指标产生抑制作用。(3)枝条生长量与侧根长度呈显著正相关性;地径、枝条生长量与侧根表面积呈极显著正相关关系。(4)120 g·L~(-1)的Cu制剂处理后叶片的可溶性蛋白质含量最高,Cu制剂浓度为20 g·L~(-1)时,叶片的叶绿素含量增加。[结论]试验发现质量浓度为120 g·L~(-1)和200g·L~(-1)CuSO_4制剂控根效果良好,可运用于实际生产。