植被复垦对露天煤矿排土场土壤化学及生物学特性的影响

为探讨农牧交错带煤矿排土场不同植被复垦模式对土壤肥力的影响,以黑岱沟露天煤矿排土场不同植被类型(山杏+苜蓿(A1)、杨树+苜蓿(A2)、杨树+沙棘(A3)、杨树+披肩草+苜蓿(A4)、未复垦(CK))土壤为研究对象,通过简单相关分析和通径分析研究浅层(0—20cm)土壤化学性质和酶活性与土壤微生物量间的相关关系,揭示不同植被复垦下土壤微生物量差异的驱动因子,并采用土壤恢复指数(RI)评价不同植被复垦对露天煤矿排土场土壤质量的影响。结果表明:(1)与未复垦(CK)相比,不同植被复垦样地土壤有机质含量、碱解氮含量、土壤酶活性和微生物量均显著增加(p<0.05),但pH无明显变化规律且差异不显著(p>0.05),并且0—10cm明显高于10—20cm土层。(2)土壤微生物量碳、氮与土壤酶活性和有机质含量呈显著或极显著正相关关系,与pH和有效磷含量则均未表现出相关性。由于土壤微生物量碳和氮对有机质含量和蔗糖酶活性变化比较敏感,因此对土壤性质变化具有指示作用。(3)不同植被复垦土壤恢复指数在0—10,10—20cm土层分别表现为A3>A2>A4>A1和A3>A2>A1>A4。因此,杨树+沙棘(A3)和杨树+苜蓿(A2)复垦方式对矿区排土场土壤质量的改善较好。     

土壤酶对土壤环境质量指示作用的研究进展

土壤环境质量是土壤容纳、吸收和降解各种环境污染的能力。各种污染物(农业、工业)进入土壤后,都会对土壤的环境质量造成一定的影响。土壤酶作为土壤中的重要组成部分,是土壤中产生专一生物化学反应的生物催化剂,对土壤环境质量的变化反应迅速,常被用来作为指示土壤环境质量的生物学指标。因此本文综述土壤酶对化肥、农药、污水污泥、城市垃圾和重金属的指示作用,为污染土壤的修复提供理论依据。     

土壤质量生物学指标研究进展

本文对近年土壤微生物、土壤酶活性和土壤动物等土壤质量生物学指标研究成果进行了综合评述。土壤微生物是土壤有机组分和生态系统中最活跃的部分,被认为是最敏感的土壤质量生物学指标:微生物生物量代表参与调控土壤中能量和养分循环及有机物质转化所对应微生物的数量,但须结合多样性研究以弥补其无法反映土壤微生物组成和区系变化的缺陷;微生物群落组成和多样性动态反映土壤中生物类群的多变性和土壤质量在微生物数量和功能上的差异;土壤微生物活性体现在土壤微生物商、微生物呼吸和代谢商等方面,应考虑生物量大小与微生物种群活性间的相关关系以反映微生物种群内的差异。土壤酶活性具有极高时效性,在较短时间内就能反映出土壤质量的变化。土壤动物通常以种类的组成和数量,土壤动物区系的相对丰度、多样性或活性作为评价土壤生物质量的敏感指标。与土壤理化指标相比,土壤生物学指标更能对土壤质量的变化做出灵敏迅速的响应,因而被广泛地用于评价土壤质量。     

Assessment of Seasonal and Site-Specific Variations in Soil Physical, Chemical and Biological Properties Around Opencast Coal Mines

Coal mining adversely affects soil quality around opencast mines. Therefore, a study was conducted in 2010 and 2011 to assess seasonal and site-specific variations in physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil collected at different distances from mining areas in the Jharia coalfield, India. Throughout the year, the soil in sites near coal mines had a significantly higher bulk density, temperature, electrical conductivity, and sulfate and heavy metal contents and a significantly lower water-holding capacity, porosity, moisture content, pH, and total nitrogen and available phosphorus contents, compared with the soil collected far from the mines. However, biological properties were site-specific and seasonal. Soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), MBC/MBN, and soil respiration were the highest during the rainy season and the lowest in summer, with the minimum values in the soil near coal mines. A soil quality index revealed a significant effect of heavy metal content on soil biological properties in the coal mining areas.     

蜀南竹海毛竹林土壤生物肥力质量指标与评价

土壤生物肥力处于土壤肥力的中枢和核心地位。以蜀南竹海核心景区毛竹林土壤为研究对象,选择土壤生物因子为评价指标,采用经典统计学和地统计学方法分析因子的空间分布特性以及土壤呼吸的整体水平。在此基础上应用模糊数学与主成分分析法,建立土壤生物肥力指数模型,综合评价该区土壤生物肥力质量。结果表明:研究区土壤各项生物肥力指标属中度到强度变异,变程范围1 326~2 219 m,在其变程内,各指标具有强烈的空间相关性;研究区土壤呼吸速率平均为3.38μmol/(m2·s),林地干扰较严重;在划分的5个生物肥力等级中,三、四两级所占面积最大,达到总面积的65.01%,一级与五级区域所占面积较小,均不足10%,土壤生物肥力质量总体处于中等水平。     

Identification of Minimum Data Set Under Balanced Fertilization for Sustainable Rice Production and Maintaining Soil Quality in Alluvial Soils of Eastern India

The scarcity of non-renewable fertilizers resources and the consequences of climate change can dramatically influence the food security of future generation. Introduction of high yielding varieties, intensive cropping sequence and increasing demand of food grains day-by-day, application of recommended dose of fertilizers could not fulfill our targets due to outdated fertilizers recommendations are yet in practice. It not only alters soil quality, nutrient balance, microbial and enzymatic ecology but also affected productivity and sustainability of rice in Gangetic alluvial soils of India. The effect of fertilizers application based on “fertilizing the soil versus fertilizing the crop” which insure real balance between the applied and available soil nutrient is urgently needed. Hence, the present study was conducted during three consecutive crop seasons (2010, 2011, and 2012) to assess the effect of imbalance and balance fertilization based on initial soil test values and targeted yields, and to determine the effect of farmyard manure (FYM) when superimposed with balanced fertilizers on identification of minimum data set for the development soil quality, nutrient acquisition, and grain yield of rice. The six fertilizer treatments were laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments were: T₁-control (no fertilization), T₂-farmyard manure @ 5 t ha^?1, T₃-farmers practice (60:30:30 kg N:P₂O₅:K₂O ha^?1), T₄-precise application of mineral fertilizers based on initial soil test values (77:24:46 kg N:P₂O₅:K₂O ha^?1) for targeted grain yield of 4.0 t ha^?1, T₅-precise application of mineral fertilizers based on initial soil test values (74:23:43 kg N:P₂O₅:K₂O ha^?1) plus FYM (5 t ha^?1) for targeted grain yield of 4.0 t ha^?1 and T₆-precise application of mineral fertilizers based on initial soil test values (135:34:65 kg N:P₂O₅:K₂O ha^?1) for targeted rice grain yield of 5.0 t ha^?1. Result revealed that the targeted rice grain yield of 4.0 and 5.0 t ha^?1 was achieved in T₄ and T₆ treatments with 1.59% (4.06 t ha^?1) and –3.40% (4.83 t ha^?1) deviations, respectively. T₄, T_5, and T₆ significantly increased crop growth, nutrient uptake, available P (P_a) and K (K_a) and augmented rice grain yield by 10.6, 20.2 and 31.6%, respectively, over T₃. Microbial biomass carbon, soil respiration and enzymatic activity were enhanced significantly in T₅ as compared to T₆. Highest soil quality index was found in T₅ (0.95) followed by T₆ (0.90) and, lowest was in T₁ (0.63). The contribution of minimum data set (MDS) toward the SQI was in the descending order of ALP (30.6%) > SOC (21.5%) > K_a (11.3%) > PSM (9.68%) > N_a (8.51%). Overall, rice yield and soil quality was improved by using balance fertilization based on fertilizing the crop Vs fertilizing the soil in alluvial soils of India.     

三峡库区消落带土壤酶活性特征

土壤酶驱动土壤生态系统养分的循环和控制生态系统的功能。选取三峡库区消落带三个海拔梯度的土壤,以从未淹没的样地作为对照,研究消落带土壤酶活性特征。结果表明,消落带区域土壤有机碳（OC）、微生物生物量碳（MBC）和所测定的四种酶[磷酸酶（PNP）、芳基硫酸酯酶（PNS）、N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）和β-糖苷酶（PAG）]的绝对活性（单位土壤干重的酶活性）和四种酶的几何平均数（GME）显著低于从未淹没的对照样地。在消落带区域,只有磷酸酶的绝对活性随着淹没持续时间的延长而降低,其他土壤三种酶的绝对活性在三个样地之间并无显著性的差异。土壤四种酶的几何平均数与有机碳、微生物生物量碳的变化相似,在海拔梯度较低的样地最低,其他两个较高海拔梯度的样地之间无显著性的差异。然而单位有机碳或微生物生物量碳的四种酶的具体活性的变化趋势与酶的绝对活性的变化并不一致。PNP的具体活性在所有测定的样地之间都无显著性的差异,而其他三个酶的具体活性是海拔最低的样地显著高于其他样地,其他样地之间并无显著性的差异。因而,这些结果意味着四种酶的几何平均数能够敏感指示三峡库区消落带水位消涨及其不同淹没持续时间对土壤质量的影响,是一个能够综合反映所有土壤酶活性对消落带水位消涨的响应的敏感指标。     

Soil Fertility Index,Soil Evaluation Factor,and Microbial Indices under Different Land Uses in Acidic Soil of Humid Subtropical India

A study was conducted to examine the impact of land use on soil fertility in an Entisol in the Jalpaiguri District of humid subtropical India. The natural forest served as a control against which changes in soil properties were compared. Soil samples were collected from four different depths (0–25, 25–50, 50–75, and 75–100 cm) of soil from four land uses (viz. forest, home garden, arecanut plantation, and agriculture) and examined for pH, organic carbon (OC), electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity, available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), exchangeable calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), aluminum (Al), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) and dehydrogenase activity (DHA). Soil pH (5.7), OC (2.29%), N (386 kg ha^?1), and P (22.54 kg ha^?1) were greatest in forest soil, followed by soil from arecanut plantation, agriculture, and home garden. The greatest Ca (0.892 cmol kg^?1), Mg (0.527 cmol kg^?1), and Al (1.86 cmol kg^?1) were found in the arecanut plantation, whereas K (0.211 cmol kg^?1) was greatest in forest. The greatest content of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid–extractable copper, zinc, manganese, and iron (2.25, 1.66, 4.86, and 7.65 ppm, respectively) were found in forest. MBC (558 mg kg^?1), MBN (26.67 mg kg^?1), and DHA (33.03 μg TPF 24 h^?1 g^?1) was greatest in forest soil. Soil fertility index varied from 13.13 in arecanut plantation to 18.49 in forest. The soil evaluation factor ranged from 5.32 in agriculture to 6.56 in forest. Pearson's correlation matrix revealed strongly significant positive correlation of soil fertility index and soil evaluation factor with soil properties.     

Organic Amendments Influence on Soil Biological Indices and Yield in Rice-Based Cropping System in Coastal Sundarbans of India

The present investigation was carried out in coastal Sundarbans of India to study the effects of farm yard manure, green leaf manure, and vermicompost on biological attributes of soils and yield in rice–tomato, rice–sunflower, and rice–chili cropping system over conventional farmer’s practices (control) by a strip-plot technique for the two consecutive years. The partial substitution of inorganic fertilizers through organics significantly increased the yield of various cropping systems. The use of organic materials significantly improved microbial biomass carbon, fluorescein diacetate hydrolyzing activities, dehydrogenase, and β-glucosidase activity over control, which varied in the tune of 51.6%, 67.4%, 50%, and 62.7%, respectively, due to variation in electrical conductivity (EC) of these soils. The improved soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities act as key driving factor for organic matter decomposition and nutrient transformation in organically amended soils which lead to better yield under such cropping sequences.     

地膜覆盖对杨树林下土壤生物学特征的影响

在大田条件下,研究了地膜覆盖对杨树林下0-20cm和20-40cm土层的土壤理化性质、土壤微生物数量、酶活性、微生物量碳及活跃微生物量的影响。结果表明,在0-20cm土层,覆膜处理可显著增加土壤含水量和碱解氮含量,而有机质、全氮、速效磷和pH值却明显降低土壤细菌数和真菌数分别增加了44.89%和42.58%,放线菌数变化不明显土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和多酚氧化酶活性分别提高了29.25%,83.66%和28.95%,而脲酶活性却降低了13.02%土壤微生物量碳和活跃微生物量分别增加了27.44%和31.87%,有利于土壤养分的分解和有效化。20-40cm土层与0-20cm土层土壤表现出基本一致的变化规律,但覆膜与对照之间的差异变小,表明随着土层深度的增加,覆膜的影响作用减小。综合分析认为,地膜覆盖对杨树林下土壤,尤其是表层土壤的生态环境具有明显的改善作用。     

Changes in Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Soil Biological Parameters in a Revegetated Coal Mine Spoil

Coal mining leads to severe land degradation and creates huge amounts of mine spoil. Coal mine spoil contains toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) derived from coal, which can be alleviated through revegetation with suitable tree species. The present study was aimed at evaluating the impact of different tree species (Albizia lebbeck , Cassia siamea , Delonix regia , and Dalbergia sissoo ) on the quality of coal mine spoil and changes in PAH concentration. Soil samples were collected from the revegetated coalmine overburden dumps of Jharia coalfield, Dhanbad, India and analysed by GC‐MS for 16 priority PAHs and soil quality parameters were analyzed by standard analytical protocols. Reclamation improved the biological properties of the mine spoil: microbial biomass (+59–176%), dehydrogenase activity (+46–198%), fluorescein diacetate hydrolase activity (+104–127%), phenol oxidase activity (+150–250%), and peroxidase activity (+93–181%). PAH concentration in revegetated mine spoil ranged from 0 · 51 to 1 · 35 mg kg⁻¹, with a significance reduction in total as well as individual PAHs. For individual tree species, total PAH reduction decreased in the order: C. siamea (81 · 6%) > A. lebbeck (55 · 6%) > D. regia (51 · 9%) > D. sissoo (51 · 5%). Correlation analysis showed significant association between the degradation of PAHs and soil biological properties of revegetated site. Microbial biomass carbon and soil enzymes were negatively correlated with PAH content in the mine spoil. But microbial stress indicators like respiration/microbial carbon ratio were not correlated, which revealed no adverse effect of PAH on soil microbes. Principal component analysis revealed that most of the biological parameters were closely associated with the degradation of low molecular weight PAHs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of Alkalized Phosphogypsum on Soil Chemical and Biological Properties

Phosphogypsum (PG) was mixed with calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)₂], ranging from 0 to 5%, to determine the optimal amount of Ca(OH)₂ required to alkalize the acidity of PG. The alkalized PG by 4% of Ca(OH)₂ addition was selected for field tests to evaluate the effects of alkalized PG on soil microbial, chemical properties, and yield of Chinese cabbage. Soil pH increased with increasing application rate of the alkalized PG and decreased with the unmodified PG application. Available phosphorus (P), water‐soluble sulfate (SO₄ ^2?), and exchangeable potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) increased significantly with increasing application rate of alkalized and unmodified PG. Microbial biomass carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations, soil enzyme activities, and the yield of Chinese cabbage in the alkalized PG application were greater than those of unmodified PG application. We concluded that alkalizing PG by mixing it with an alkaline material such as Ca(OH)₂ can turn it into a useful material for agricultural utilization.     

蚯蚓活动和秸秆施用方式对土壤生物学性质的动态影响

通过实验室短期培养研究接种蚯蚓和有机物不同施用方式(混施与表施)对土壤微生物类群、土壤微生物量以及呼吸强度等土壤生物学性质的影响。结果表明,接种蚯蚓对土壤可培养酵母菌、细菌数量和土壤底物诱导呼吸强度有明显促进作用。最高增幅分别达到相应未接种蚯蚓处理的5.18,8.88,2.50倍。蚯蚓活动对土壤微生物量及真菌数量的影响受到秸秆施用的影响:在混施和不施秸秆的处理(SRME、SE)中显著抑制丝状真菌数量;在混施秸秆处理中蚯蚓活动降低了SMBC含量。秸秆的施用方式对土壤微生物性状也有较大影响。混施秸秆处理中,土壤酵母菌、细菌数量、土壤微生物量和土壤呼吸强度增加也最为明显,而丝状真菌数量的增加幅度却不如表施秸秆处理。各处理土壤微生物量碳随时间变化趋势比较一致,呈现先降(第4周)后增的变化趋势,其他测定项目没有一致的随时间变化的规律。方差分析表明秸秆施用对土壤微生物量氮和可培养微生物数量变化的贡献最大,分别达到96.5%(SMBN)、77.9%(细菌)、69.4%(酵母菌)和85.3%(丝状真菌)。并且时间、秸秆和蚯蚓因子间存在强烈交互作用。     

土壤微生物量作为土壤肥力指标的探讨

对不同利用方式19个黑土样品的微生物量和养分进行了分析,结果表明林地的微生物量明显高于玉米地和大豆地,但玉米地和大豆地之间未表现出显著差异,土壤微生物量和土壤养分含量大体上都呈现出林地>大豆地>玉米地的一致的趋势;同时土壤微生物量与土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、速效钾和碱解氮呈现出显著或极显著正相关关系,分析结果还表明土壤微生物量碳作为评价土壤肥力指标比土壤微生物量氮更为灵敏。因此,土壤微生物量可以作为评价不同利用方式的黑土肥力水平的一个生物指标。     

干旱区绿洲苜蓿地土壤微生物特性及其影响因子

研究了干旱区绿洲种植年限不同的3种苜蓿地0-10 cm,10-20 cm土层土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮、微生物量商、呼吸强度和代谢商的变化特征。结果表明:在耕层0-20 cm范围内,苜蓿种植年限的长短对土壤微生物量碳、土壤微生物量氮含量有影响,相对来说微生物量碳、氮在四年生苜蓿地的含量最高,其次是一年生苜蓿地的。不同种植年限苜蓿地之间土壤微生物量商(qMB)、呼吸强度、代谢商(qCO2)差异显著,相对来说种植年限相差越大,差异越大。相关分析结果表明,土壤理化特性对土壤微生物活性有影响,其中土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮与土壤有机质、全氮显著正相关,与土壤容重显著负相关。     

不同节水稻作模式对土壤微生物数量和微生物量碳氮的影响

针对南方丘陵区季节性干旱这一区域问题,以节水稻作模式为研究对象,以常规稻作模式为对照,通过田间定位试验,研究了稻基农田土壤微生物数量和土壤微生物量碳氮的变化规律.结果表明,与该区常规稻作模式相比,节水稻作模式的土壤微生物数量和土壤微生物量碳氮差异显著;节水稻作模式有利于土壤细菌和放线菌的增殖,但抑制了真菌的增殖;土壤微生物量碳和微生物量氮的显著增加,以水旱轮作双季稻模式最佳,说明采用节水稻作模式可有效提升土壤细菌数量、放线菌数量、微生物量碳和微生物量氮含量.因此,在南方丘陵季节性干旱区,采用节水稻作模式,可促进稻田生态系统健康持续发展.     

几种高分子有机肥原料对土壤生物学性质的影响

通过室内模拟培养的方式,研究不同用量(折合有机质含量0.05,0.10 g/kg)的甲壳素、腐殖酸钠和造纸黑液对土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性的影响.结果表明:与不施加有机肥原料的处理相比,甲壳素能促进土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、中性磷酸酶活性,且高量较低量处理分别增加了13.32％,4.20％,9.63％,21.88％;腐殖酸钠能抑制土壤脲酶活性,促进另外3种酶的活性,且高量处理较低量处理分别增加了6.57％,21.04％,9.82％;黑液处理能显著抑制土壤脲酶和中性磷酸酶活性,而对土壤蔗糖酶活性影响不大,对于过氧化氢酶活性只有高量黑液处理出现显著抑制作用.各有机肥添加剂均能显著增加土壤微生物量碳、氮含量,效果以腐殖酸钠最佳,其次为甲壳素,造纸黑液最小;甲壳素和腐殖酸钠均能显著提高土壤放线菌数量,抑制土壤真菌数量,且作用效果强度均为腐殖酸钠高量＞甲壳素高量＞腐殖酸钠低量＞甲壳素低量,造纸黑液对土壤放线菌和真菌的作用刚好与其相反;甲壳素对土壤细菌数量无明显作用,腐殖酸钠出现显著促进作用,而造纸黑液处理在培养初期(5～25 d)出现显著抑制作用.     

配施有机肥对茶园土壤性状及茶叶产质量的影响

通过连续4年(2009-2012)的田间定位试验,研究了配施不同比例有机肥对茶园土壤性状及茶叶产、质量的影响,筛选了适宜茶园的施肥结构。结果表明:配施有机肥显著提高茶园土壤pH,有效阻控茶园土壤酸化;提高茶园土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量,提高幅度随着有机肥施用比例的增加而增加。配施有机肥处理土壤微生物生物量碳(SMBC)、氮(SMBN)分别比对照处理提高41.70%~72.23%和49.66%~75.63%,土壤微生物商(SMBC/SOC)和微生物生物量氮占土壤总有机氮的比例(SMBN/TN)分别比对照处理提高38.46%~43.85%和16.84%~72.96%;土壤基础呼吸量以全量施用有机肥处理最低,75%有机肥配施25%化肥处理最高;配施有机肥处理土壤呼吸商比对照处理降低20.94%~50.12%。适当的施肥结构促进茶树生长和提高茶叶品质,茶叶产量及品质以25%~50%有机肥配施75%~50%化肥处理较优。综合施肥结构对土壤基础性状、生物学性状和茶叶产量品质的影响,初步认为25%~50%有机肥配施75%~50%化肥(以氮素投入量计)是茶园系统较优的有机肥配施模式。     

Impact Assessment of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Azospirillum and Chemical Fertilizer Application on Soil Health and Ecology

The study was conducted at the Agricultural Experimental Farm of the Indian Statistical Institute, Giridih, Jharkhand, India, during the winter season of 2007–2008 and 2008–2009. Baby corn cob and green fodder yields were greatest in T₁₅ [100% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) + arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) + Azospirillum]. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and residual soil fertility (NPK) were greatest in T₁₆ (150% RDF + AM + Azospirillum). In contrast, soil microbial load [colony-forming units (CFUs) of bacteria, diazotrophs, fungi, and Azospirillum], AM biomass, soil respiration, microbial biomass carbon, metabolic quotient, microbial quotient, and enzymes (urease and acid phosphatase) were greatest in T₁₃ (absolute control + AM + Azospirillum) followed by T₁₄ (50% RDF + AM + Azospirillum)]. The values of all these parameters declined drastically with the increasing percentages of RDF. Coinoculated plots built up greater soil fertility and SOC.     

耕作与施肥对甘蔗地土壤微生物量碳、氮的影响

通过野外调查与室内分析,研究了云南蒲缥甘蔗地赤红壤不同耕作与施肥土壤剖面微生物量碳、氮特征。结果表明:不同耕作与施肥对土壤微生物量碳、氮均有一定影响,其中耕作对土壤微生物量碳、氮的影响较为一致,表现为免耕 > 翻耕。施肥对0—20 cm土层中微生物量碳的影响表现为翻耕施肥 > 翻耕,对20—40 cm,40—60 cm土层中微生物量碳的效应呈现为翻耕 > 翻耕施肥,而施肥对土壤微生物量氮影响则与其对微生物量碳的效应相反。耕作和施肥对各个土层土壤微生物商具有显著的影响（p<0.05）,表现为免耕 > 翻耕,翻耕施肥条件下0—20 cm土层的微生物商稍高于翻耕,而其他土层均为翻耕 > 翻耕施肥;土壤微生物量氮与全氮的比值与微生物量氮的变化趋势相近。在不同的耕作和施肥条件下,免耕有利于提高土壤微生物量,施肥在一定程度上也利于提高土壤微生物量。