稻蟹共作模式下稻蟹产出与土壤理化性质的研究

研究了"稻蟹共作"模式下稻蟹产出以及不同日期土壤的pH、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾等理化指标的变化。结果表明:"稻蟹共作"模式下,养蟹田水稻的实粒数、实粒重、空粒重、单位产量均高于非养蟹田,但二者之间差异不显著;与非养蟹田相比,养蟹田千粒重略小,但水稻的单位产量增加了3.55%。河蟹收获时,体质量由14.9g增至(84.45±3.62)g,增重倍数接近6;根据当年河蟹收购价格15元/kg,扣除稻田工程、饲料及防逃设施费用,利润可达3 661.5元/hm2。不同日期养蟹田土壤的pH、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾与非养蟹田无显著性差异。     

河蟹的增养殖

第七讲　稻田养蟹　　一、稻田养蟹及其特点稻田养蟹是指运用生态学和生物学原理 ,在稻田中以种稻为主 ,兼作放养河蟹 ,或者在稻田中主养河蟹 ,再搭养一种或几种鱼、虾类 ,在确保水稻产量的前提下 ,额外获得河蟹等水产品 ,并使总产值和经济效益超过单纯种稻的养殖方式。传统的种植业仅利用水和土壤中的肥源 ,并未充分利用水和土层的空间和生产力。稻田养蟹(鱼、虾等 )这种养殖模式 ,改善了稻田原有的生态环境 ,它具有以下几方面的优点。1 .稻蟹 (鱼、虾 )共生 ,优势互补稻田养蟹实行种养结合 ,一般不会影响水稻田的单产 ,如有减产 ,一般可通…     

不同稻蟹生产模式对稻蟹产量的影响

为了研究不同稻蟹生产模式对稻蟹产量的影响,选用了常规稻蟹、有机稻蟹和单作水稻这3种模式下对河蟹和水稻产量的影响;试验选用某水稻示范基地进行,分3大组,有机稻蟹养殖组（M1组）、常规稻蟹养殖组（M2组）和对照单作水稻组（CK）。每个组分3次重复,每个重复按小区来试验,试验水稻于2021年5月开始插秧,河蟹于6月初进行投苗。试验末期于9月份收成河蟹,10月份收成水稻。对收成的河蟹重量和水稻穗粒数、每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重进行统计分析。结果显示,M1组的有效穗数极显著的高于CK组（P <0.01）,显著高于M2组（P <0.05）;M1组的每穗粒数、结实率、千粒重、水稻理论产量均显著高于CK组和M2组（P <0.05）;河蟹产量M1组也显著高于M2组;结果说明有机稻蟹养殖组的稻蟹生产模式更有利于获得高产量的水稻和河蟹。     

河蟹养殖技术之三福建地区稻田养蟹技术

河蟹是特种水产养殖中的一个珍品,养殖河蟹能充分利用各类水域资源,且具有投资少、见效快、不毁田、无污染、千家万户都能养等优势。稻田养蟹能充分利用和发挥稻田的特点,节水节地进行水产养殖,不仅提高经济、社会和生态效益,而且还稳定了水稻产量,增加了养殖河蟹收入。为了推广稻田养蟹,2005年在福建省政和县星溪、石屯两乡镇分别选择1000亩稻田进行河蟹放养试验,取得了一定的成效。一、试验目的以县畜牧水产局的东和蟹业有限公司基地为主,开展稻田养蟹,成功地利用稻蟹共生互利关系,取得了良好的生态效益,在“稻蟹共生体系”中有效     

黑龙江省稻-扣蟹共作模式中华绒螯蟹生长及水质研究

在黑龙江省第二积温带(127.08°E,46.88°N)稻田中,分别设置1个对照组(稻-长江蟹共作,RYZC)和2个实验组(稻-辽河蟹共作组,RLHC),每组设3个重复,共计9个300 m²实验单元。体质量(1.02±0.16)g长江蟹的投放密度为67 500只/hm²,体质量(0.45±0.05)g辽河蟹设67 500只/hm²(稻-辽河蟹共作I,RLHCI)和135 000只/hm²(稻-辽河蟹共作II,RLHCII)两个密度,探究中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)生长参数、水稻产量及稻田水质参数。两个多月的稻蟹共作结果表明：长江蟹终末体质量和增重率(Weight gain rate, WGR)均高于辽河蟹,辽河蟹特定生长率(Specific growth rate, SGR)略高于长江蟹,但差异不显著性(P>0.05)。稻-长江蟹共作和稻-辽河蟹共作I水稻产量显著高于稻-辽河蟹共作II(P<0.05)。整体来看,不同水系和不同的放养密度中华绒螯蟹稻田水体的水温(TE...     

贵州喀斯特山区稻虾共作模式对稻田水质昼夜变化的初步研究

为了解贵州喀斯特山区稻虾共作模式对稻田水体环境的影响,以养虾稻田(稻虾共作组)和不养虾稻田(对照组)为研究对象,分别于水稻的分蘖期、拔节期、扬花期和灌浆期采样测定稻田水体的溶解氧(DO)、水温、pH、硝酸盐(NO3--N)、亚硝酸盐(NO2--N)、氨氮(NH4+-N)和磷酸盐(PO43--P)等水质指标,研究稻田水质...     

稻蟹共作模式对池塘养殖尾水的净化效果研究

为探究稻蟹共作模式对池塘养殖尾水的净化能力,在宁夏银川地区的大规模稻蟹共作-池塘养殖耦合系统中,稻田种植面积52 hm²,水产养殖面积20 hm²,采取田间试验、水质分析相结合的方法,分别对稻田进水口、出水口水体中的溶解氧、磷酸盐、亚硝态氮、氨氮等水环境指标进行分析。结果表明,2020年试验稻田出水口氨氮、磷酸盐、亚硝态氮的最高去除率分别为69.2%、14.0%、100%,2021年试验稻田出水口氨氮、亚硝态氮的最高去除率分别为25.1%、100%,2022年试验稻田出水口氨氮、磷酸盐、亚硝态氮的最高去除率分别为76.9%、74.4%、100%。试验结果显示,2022年稻田对池塘养殖尾水的净化效果最好。由此表明,稻蟹共作模式可以显著降低池塘养殖尾水中的氨氮、磷酸盐、亚硝态氮水平,具有较好的水质净化效果,对生态环境产生积极影响。     

河蟹养殖技术之二稻田生态养殖河蟹

近年来,辽宁省盘锦市稻田养蟹得到快速发展,获得了较好的经济、社会和生态效益,但是,传统的养殖模式造成了河蟹养殖的产量低、成蟹规格小且质量差。在同等自然条件下,为探索出一个高产、高效、高质量、大规格成蟹的生态养殖模式,2002年,我们在盘山县坝墙子镇进行了“稻田仿生态养殖成蟹”试验,取得了较好的效果。一、田块的选择选择在临近水渠、水源相对充足的坝墙子镇姜家村,稻田面积700亩。二、田间工程及水稻种植方式1.田间工程的修建 为增加稻田养蟹的水体,增加水从养殖户的越冬池中购买,不买市场上零收整卖的蟹种。2.蟹种规格、放养…     

北方稻田蟹种综合种养技术

北方稻田蟹种综合种养技术是提高农田产出利用率的一项生态种养新技术、新方法,充分利用稻田中较为丰富的天然饵料,充足的氧气和水质环境条件,通过稻、蟹互利共生,减少稻田农药化肥使用,减轻农田污染,使河蟹在适宜的生态环境条件下生长,提高蟹种养殖肥满度、成活率和规格,实现优质水稻产量650kg/亩,蟹种产量65kg/亩,蟹种规格达到100只/kg～140只/kg,为北方地区的大规模河蟹养殖提供了优质河蟹种苗保障.     

稻田养蟹技术

稻田养蟹是一种立体、生态种养模式,河蟹能清除稻田内杂草,减少水稻病虫害,增加稻田土壤肥力,提高水稻产量,同时水稻能够净化水质,为河蟹生长、发育、觅食、栖息等提供良好的环境。2018年山东省高青县探索多模式渔业转型升级工程,积极试验推广稻田养蟹,示范工程区位于大芦湖湿地西部瑞祥农业发展有限公司,水源充足,水质清新,田块基础条件好,质地粘壤,盐碱较轻,保水性能好,非常适宜稻田河蟹养殖,是该县今年稻田养蟹的技术示范点。示范点共规划稻田养蟹面积6.7 hm^2 ( 100亩),每667m^2产水稻550kg,收获河蟹30kg,达到水稻稳产、河蟹增收的目的。     

池塘培育扣蟹技术研究

１９９３－１９９４年利用鱼池、稻田改造成的池塘培育中华绒螯蟹扣蟹，采取塑膜围栏防逃、调节水质、科学投饵、抑制幼蟹性腺发育等技术，５２亩鱼池改造池亩扣蟹１０５ｋｇ，规格１００只／ｋｇ；５９５亩稻田改造池亩产扣蟹５５ｋｇ，规格１８０只／ｋｇ。     

稻田养殖1龄幼蟹试验

稻田培育１龄幼蟹平均单产达２１公斤／１００米＾２，规格８０只／公斤，水稻单产达１００公斤／１００米＾２，取得了较好的经济效益。     

硒源对凡纳滨对虾生长、体组成和抗氧化能力的影响

水温(29.0±1.3)℃,将初始体质量(0.41±0.01)g的凡纳滨对虾随机分为4组,每组3个重复,饲养在室内循环水养殖系统中,投喂基础饲料(对照组)及在此饲料中分别添加硒含量相等(0.30mg/kg)的亚硒酸钠、酵母硒和蛋氨酸硒的4种饲料,养殖56d,比较了不同硒源对凡纳滨对虾生长、体组成和抗氧化能力的影响。试验结果表明,蛋氨酸硒组对虾的生长性能显著高于对照组和亚硒酸钠组(P0.05)。外源硒可显著影响对虾体蛋白和脂肪含量(P0.05),蛋氨酸硒组对虾机体营养成分显著优于其他组(P0.05)。添加外源硒组对虾的血清总抗氧化能力和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著高于对照组(P0.05)。蛋氨酸硒组对虾血清丙二醛含量显著低于其他组(P0.05)。由此得出,饲料添加0.3mg/kg的硒能在一定程度上提高凡纳滨对虾的生长和抗氧化能力,蛋氨酸硒优于酵母硒和亚硒酸钠。     

Cottonseed meal protein hydrolysate stimulates feed intake and appetite in Chinese mitten crab,Eriocheir sinensis

One hundred and twenty crabs (initial weight: 51.32 ± 0.06 g) were fed three experimental diets with cottonseed meal protein hydrolysate (CPH) at 0, 6 and 12 g/kg for 60 days. The results showed that CPH0.6 diet significantly improved the 1‐hr feed intake, protease activity and weight gain of crabs. In thoracic ganglia, 4E‐binding protein (4E‐BP) expression level of crab fed the diets containing CPH was significantly higher than CPH0 group. In cerebral ganglia, protein kinase B and 4E‐BP expression levels of crab fed CPH0.6 diets were significantly lower than CPH0 group. In mid‐intestine, target of rapamycin (TOR) relative expression level of crabs fed the diets containing CPH was significantly lower than CPH0 group. 4E‐BP expression level showed an opposite pattern. In thoracic ganglia, cerebral ganglia and mid‐intestine, leptin receptor expression level of crabs fed CPH0.6 diet was significantly lower than CPH0 group. Neuropeptide Y and neuropeptide Y receptor expression level of crab fed CPH0.6 diet was significantly higher than CPH0 group. In conclusion, our results indicated that dietary supplementation of 6 g/kg CPH could stimulate appetite and quicken feeding rate via the TOR signalling pathway.     

螺蛳投放量对中华绒螯蟹规格、产量和成活率的影响

研究了螺蛳投放量对池塘生态养殖的中华绒螯蟹平均育成规格、产量和成活率的影响.结果表明,中华绒螯蟹产量(Z)与螺蛳投放量(x)的关系为:Z=528.138+0.228x-0.000029x~2(R~2=0.959)(P＜0.05);中华绒螯蟹规格(Y)与螺蛳投放量(x)的关系为:Y=155.368+0.014x-0.0000017x~2(R~2=0.934)(P＜0.05);中华绒螯蟹成活率与螺蛳投放量的关系为:L=52.208+0.018x-0.0000023x~2(R~2=0.957)(P＜0.05).中华绒螯蟹池塘生态养殖中螺蛳最佳投放量为4500 kg/hm~2.     

Effects of dietary fish oil substitution with blending vegetable oils on growth performance,antioxidant enzyme activities and tissue fatty acid composition of juvenile swimming crab,Portunus trituberculatus

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacement of fish oil (FO) with blending vegetable oils (VOs) on growth performance, antioxidant enzyme activities and fatty acid composition in tissue of swimming crab Portunustrituberculatus. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain VOs (colza oil: palm oil: linseed oil = 4:2:1) to replace 0 (the control diet), 250, 500, 750 and 1000 g/kg of FO (defined D0, D25, D50, D75, D100). Three hundred juvenile swimming crabs (initial weight 2.34 ± 0.08 g) were randomly stocked and sorted into 300 individual rectangle plastic baskets in three cement pools. Each treatment has three replicates, one replicate has 20 swimming crabs, and each diet fed 60 crabs distributed in 60 baskets. The results indicated that crabs fed the control diet showed significantly higher survival, final body weight, per cent weight gain (PWG), specific growth rate and moulting frequency, crude protein and crude lipid contents in muscles than those fed the D75 and D100 VO diets (p < .05). Crabs fed the D25 VO diet showed significantly higher concentration of triglyceride, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and total protein, activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) in haemolymph than those fed the control diet (p < .05). Fatty acid composition in hepatopancreas was positively correlated with dietary composition. In summary, based on the PWG, the optimal replacement of FO with VOs was estimated to be 250 g/kg. These findings demonstrated that swimming crabs make better use of FO than VOs.     

α-苯基苯并吡喃对中华绒螯蟹免疫相关酶的影响

用α-苯基苯并吡喃作为饲料添加剂饲喂中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)10 d后,测定了其对中华绒螯蟹血淋巴细胞中相关免疫因子的影响。实验设3个α-苯基苯并吡喃添加重复组,分别为A组(2 mg/kg)、B组(4 mg/kg)、C组(6 mg/kg)和1个对照重复组(0 mg/kg)。结果表明:α-苯基苯并吡喃添加剂量为4 mg/kg(B组)可显著地提高中华绒螯蟹血淋巴细胞中酚氧化酶(PO)、溶菌酶(LSZ)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活力(P<0.05),说明具有生物活性的α-苯基苯并吡喃可刺激中华绒螯蟹机体免疫相关酶活性的提高。     

长江和辽河水系中华绒螯蟹湖泊放养生长性能的比较

对长江水系和辽河水系中华绒螯蟹（Eriocheir.sinensis)在长江下游湖泊生长性能研究的结果：（1）生长速度在3－8月长江蟹稍低于辽河蟹,但差异不显著（P＞0．05）;9－10月长江蟹则快于辽河蟹,差异极显著（P＜0．01）。（2）青春期蜕壳时间辽河蟹比长江蟹提前30－40d,生殖洄游期也相应提前30－40d。（3）养成的商品蟹规格、增重倍数和回捕率,长江蟹优于辽河蟹,差异极显著（P＜0．01）。综合分析认为,长江蟹在长江下游湖泊的生长性能指标优于辽河蟹。     

稻田培育扣蟹技术研究

１９９５年进行了稻田养殖扣蟹试验。研究了水稻栽植和河蟹放养密度，水稻晒田、晾田与养蟹兼顾技术，调整水稻施肥、撒药时间等，结果：２０亩水田，平均每亩产稻４１３ｋｇ，扣蟹２６ｋｇ，纯利２２２４．８元。专家鉴定认为，本试验在养殖面积、单产和经济效益方面均达国内先进水平。     

Effects of different stocking densities on the growth performance and antioxidant capacity of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) in rice crab culture system

This study assessed the effects of stocking density (D02, 0.2 individuals/m²; D03. 0.3 individuals/m²; D04, 0.4 individuals/m²; D05, 0.5 individuals/m²; D06, 0.6 individuals/m²) on Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis; 6.25?±?0.11 g) growth performance, tissue indices, antioxidant enzyme activity (total superoxide, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde), and mRNA expression of antioxidant-related genes (SOD, CAT, GPx) in rice crab culture systems. Our results demonstrated that increasing stocking densities decreased the final weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion efficiency (FCR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of the crabs. The hepatosomatic index (HSI) of female crabs in D04 group was higher than that of other groups. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) of the male crabs in the D04 group was significantly higher than that of the other groups(P?<?0.05). The meat yield (MY), total edible yield (TEY), and condition factor (CF) of the female and male crabs in the D04 group were higher than those of the other groups. The antioxidant enzyme activity (T-SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and T-AOC) of male and female crabs in the D04 group was significantly higher than that of the other groups, and the MDA content of the D04 group was significantly lower than that of the other groups (P?<?0.05). The stocking density of 0.4 individuals/m² effectively promoted the efficient mRNA expression of SOD, CAT, and GPx genes in the hepatopancreas of male and female crabs. In summary, the optimal stocking density of E. sinensis in the rice crab culture system is 0.4 individuals/m².