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世界林业发展理论的演变历程充分说明,人类对森林的认识是一个渐进的过程,发展和创新始终伴随着林业的发展过程。随着林业实践的不断发展,在17世纪德国创立的森林永续利用理论基础上,先后又出现了森林多功能论、林业分工论、新林业理论、木材培育理论,自然林业理论,生态林业理论及森林可持续经营理论。可以说:一部世界林业发展史也是一部林业发展理论不断创新,不断调整人与森林关系的演变史。世界林业经营理论经历了4次大的飞跃,每一次理论上的飞跃都对当时的林业发展产生了推动作用。 相似文献
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从森林功能定位、林业经营、监督模式等方面分析了德国森林经营的特点,从林业政策、经营管理、资源清查等方面探讨了德国森林经营方式对我国林业产业发展的启示。 相似文献
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多年来我国林业经历了集体林权制度改革和森林分类经营改革,以及林业发展指导思想、目标任务、功能作用等的不断调整,而1987年确立的限额管理、行政许可、凭证采伐的森林采伐管理模式实行30多年来基本没有改变。文中在总结我国森林采伐管理制度的基础上,指出现行森林采伐管理模式与林业生产发展规律、市场运行规则、分类经营理念不相适应等问题,分析新时期优化采伐管理模式的有利时机和条件,提出了优化森林采伐管理模式及配套保障措施的建议,以期为广泛调动林业生产积极性、激发林业发展内生动力、实现林业发展与生态环境保护双赢提供参考。 相似文献
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德国林业以私有制为主体,在社会市场经济体制下逐步建立了一套完整的科学管理体系,法律法规健全,产权制度严谨,做到依法管理林业、以森林可持续发展理论和近自然经营森林的理念,来巩固和发展林业,本文针对我国林业发展现状,提出了要加大政府对林业的扶持力量;建立林业产权保护制度;林业部门要注重发展乡土造林树种;大力营造混交林和城市森林,充分发挥森林休闲功能。 相似文献
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关于国营林业企业实行森林小区集约经营的初步设想 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文提出了“森林小区集约经营”思想,旨在寻求适合我国林业企业实行森林集约化经营需要的森林经营组织形式和科学经营森林的有效方法,长期促进我国林业的新发展。文章认为,实行森林小区集约经营,既是我国林业企业发展的必然趋势,又是由森林经营工作特点及其森林生态经济规律性所决定,是林业建设和发展过程中人们按照自然沟岔开发利用森林的抽象和完善,是现代林业森林经营最佳组织形式和现代林业科学技术方法的有机结合体。 相似文献
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近些年来,随着社会经济的发展,林业资源在其中发挥着重要的作用,森林作为林业资源的主体,加强森林的经营管理有利于促进林业的可持续发展。就目前情况来看,当前正是我国大力发展林业的时期,实现有效的森林经营具有非常重要的意义。主要分析了森林经营在林业发展中的重要作用,并针对实现森林经营提出了有效的措施。 相似文献
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《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(1-2):75-97
Abstract Forest pricing policies for tropical timber and forest concessions can play an important role in the management, conservation, and preservation of tropical forests. The paper draws on regional studies of forest revenue systems and forest concession arrangements, country case studies, and studies in individual countries of West and Central Africa and South East Asia (Grut, Gray, and Egli, 1991; Gray and Hadi, 1989; Gray and Hadi, 1990; and Gray, 1983). Forest pricing and concession management policies, problems, and experiences in individual countries are examined, common problems and experiences highlighted, and alternatives identified. From these, the elements of a forest pricing and concession management system which supports sustainable management, efficient utilization, and forest renewal are developed. 相似文献
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通过对芬兰林业政府管理机构、民间管理机构和林业管理理念的分析,总结了芬兰林业管理在满足林主需求、建立林主组织和科研服务生产方面的经验做法,提出了我国在集体林区加强森林资源管理的3点建议:1)强化森林管理和科技服务部门之间的密切合作;2)鼓励民间建立林农合作组织;3)加强林业实用性技术研究和成果推广。 相似文献
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We review the management of Eucalyptus species under a coppice-with-standards (CWS) silvicultural system. CWS management results in product diversification, permitting production of small and large scale timber from the same stand. Eucalyptus species are suitable candidates for CWS management because: there are large worldwide plantation areas, sprouting capacity is high, and eucalypts are multipur- pose species. We discuss (1) short rotation Eucalyptus coppice manage- ment for energy and pulping and (2) Eucalyptus seedling management for solid wood products. We review the literature and discuss experi- ences with Eucalyptus managed under the CWS system. We also assess projects dealing with Eucalyptus coppice management, stand density regulation, pruning, and stand and wood quality. The growth environ- ment of the standard trees (heavy competition up to the first harvest, free growth afterwards) coupled with long rotations (〉20 years) results in high quality logs for solid wood products. Early pruning should be ap- plied to enhance wood quality. We propose a system for the silvicultural management of Eucalyptus under the CWS system, elaborating on the consequences of initial planting density, site productivity, and standard tree densities as well as timing of basic silvicultural applications. 相似文献
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有东方巴黎之誉的哈尔滨市与国家规定的小园林城市标准相比,存在以下问题:①市中心建筑过密;②大量违章建筑挤占部分道路和两侧绿地;环境脏乱差;③小块公共绿地设施简陋。几年来经过全市人民的艰苦奋斗,哈市发生了历史性的大变化,其主要经验归结如下:①以扩绿、增绿、透绿为主旋律,实现满城绿色,绿化、美化城市;②精心规划设计,严格施工管理,增加科技含量,塑造精品工程;③动员全社会参与,共享美好成果。 相似文献
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《中国林业科技(英文版)》2009,(1)
Austria and Germany,the two forest developed countries,have drawn a lot of experiences in forest management.This article summarizes the successful experiences of forest management reform in those two counties and puts forward policy recommendations on forest management reform in China. 相似文献
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Based on qualitative interviews with Swedish forest owners this study focuses on climate change, risk management and forest governance from the perspective of the forest owners. The Swedish forest governance system has undergone extensive deregulation, with the result that social norms and knowledge dissemination are seen by the state as important means of influencing forest owners' understandings and practices. Drawing on Foucault's concept of governmentality this study contributes knowledge on how forest owners understand and manage climate-related risk and their acceptance of advice. From the interview study, three main conclusions can be drawn: (1) forest owners' considerations largely concern ordinary forestry activities; (2) knowledge about forest management and climate adaptation combines experiences and ideas from various sources; and (3) risk awareness and knowledge of “best practices” are not enough to ensure change in forestry practices. The results of this study show that the forest owners have to be selective and negotiate about what knowledge to consider relevant and meaningful for their own forest practice. Accordingly, local forest management can be understood as situated in a web of multifarious interests, claims, concerns and knowledges, where climate change adaptation is but one of several aspects that forest owners have to consider. 相似文献
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天然林保护工程多目标分类经营研究 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9
根据国情、林情和可持续经营的原则,在总结近半个世纪以来天然林经营的生产经验和科研成果的基础上,吸取当代世界先进的分类经营经验,提出以封山育林、营林为基础,按区域、多级序的分类经营模式。 相似文献
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《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(1-2):195-203
Summary Proponents of community-based natural resource management often use definitions of community that implicitly, if not explicitly, favor resident forest users over migrant forest users. This paper explores the shortcomings of the “fixed-in-place” model of community, using examples from ongoing community-based management projects in Mali. The author then summarizes strategies that these projects are using to expand migrant forest user participation in decisonmaking. The paper ends with a brief discussion of how these experiences in West Africa can enrich community-based natural resource management efforts in the United States. 相似文献