菊芋基因组DNA提取方法的比较

采用改良CTAB法、改进的高盐SDS法及两种植物基因组DNA提取试剂盒法等４种方法提取菊芋基因组DNA,并进行电泳分析、质量检测及ISSR引物扩增检测。结果表明,改良CTAB法优于其他3种方法,提取的DNA质量较好、纯度较高,能够满足ISSR-PCR扩增要求。     

天竺葵基因组DNA五种提取方法的比较

以天竺葵为试材,比较分析了CTAB法、简单法、高盐低pH值法、CTAB-SDS法、SDS法对天竺葵叶基因组DNA提取的效果。结果表明：5种方法提取的天竺葵总DNA在纯度上有很大的差别。所得到的DNA提取纯度依次为简单法、CTAB-SDS法、CTAB法、高盐低pH法、SDS法。酶切结果为简单法、CTAB法效果最好,其次SDS法,高盐低pH法、CTAB-SDS法不能被EcoRI酶完全消化。经综合的比较分析,认为简单法是最佳的提取方法。因其步骤简单、快捷,得到的基因组DNA降解少、杂质含量少,能获得高质量的DNA模板,可以用于分子生物学试验研究。     

节瓜基因组DNA提取方法比较研究

以节瓜的成熟干种子、子叶和不同发育阶段的真叶为材料,选用尿素提取法、高盐低pH值法、SDS法和CTAB法等4种DNA提取方法进行比较。结果表明:不同节瓜材料均可以提取到基因组DNA,其中子叶和第1片真叶的提取效果最好;尿素提取法提取种子DNA最为简便快捷,CTAB法提取叶片能得到纯度较高的基因组DNA。经PCR检验,干种子和子叶提取的基因组DNA都可用于PCR扩增。     

越橘基因组DNA的快速提取及分析

为了从富含多酚、多糖及色素的越橘叶片中提取适用于分子生物学研究的高质量基因组DNA。以越橘幼叶为实验材料,比较了CTAB、SDS、高盐低pH值3种提取方法,获得了一种以CTAB法为基础的分离高质量完整DNA的简便、快速方法。用紫外分光光度计、琼脂糖凝胶电泳、RAPD-PCR、酶切等方法对获得的DNA进行了分析,结果表明,快速CTAB法所提取的DNA产量高、质量好,完全能够满足RAPD、PCR等分子生物学实验的要求。     

猕猴桃基因组DNA提取方法的研究进展

对猕猴桃基因组DNA提取的各个环节的进展进行综述。经分析得出,干叶片是一种较为理想的材料,容易保存,获得的基因组DNA质量也较高。提取方法主要有SDS和CTAB法,SDS法可以较好的将DNA与蛋白质分开,而CTAB法则可以较好的将基因组DNA与糖等杂质分离开;此外还有一些改良的提取基因组DNA的方法,都是比较实用的。可以根据不同的条件选取不同的方法。     

不夜城芦荟基因组DNA提取方法的比较研究

以不夜城芦荟的幼嫩叶片为试材,分别采用SDS法和CTAB法以及简化的CTAB法对基因组DNA进行提取,并利用紫外分光光度计和琼脂糖凝胶电泳法检测其DNA的浓度、纯度及质量,以期筛选不夜城芦荟基因组DNA提取的最合适方法.结果表明:对比不夜城芦荟基因组DNA提取的3种方法,无论从提取浓度还是纯度上来看,SDS法均明显优于其它方法.     

山葡萄基因组DNA提取及RAPD鉴定

以雌花山葡萄（７３０６４）冷藏幼叶、香妃葡萄新鲜幼叶为试材,分别采用修改的ＣＴＡＢ法、高盐法、ＳＤＳ法提取基因组ＤＮＡ。结果表明,三种方法所提的ＤＮＡ纯度及产率有差别,从综合结果看,以ＣＴＡＢ法为好,所得ＤＮＡ不需经氯化艳梯度离心或柱层析,可直接用于ＲＡＰＤ分析。     

柑桔组织培养材料基因组DNA的快速提取

本文介绍了一种适用于柑桔组织培养材料基因组DNA的快速提取方法,获得的柑桔基因组DNA具有较好的质量和较高的纯度,可满足进一步研究的需要。     

山葡萄基因组DNA提取及RAPD鉴定

以雌花山葡萄（７３０６４）冷藏幼叶,香妃葡萄新鲜幼叶为试材,分别采用修改的ＣＴＡＢ法,高盐法、ＳＤＳ法提取基因组ＤＮＡ。结果表明,三种方法所提的ＤＮＡ纯度及产率有差别,从综合结果看,以ＣＴＡＢ法为好,所得ＤＮＡ不需经氯化铯梯度离心或柱层析,可直接用于ＲＡＰＤ分析。     

Development of SCAR markers to differentiate between mume (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) and apricot (P. armeniaca L.)

Summary

Mume (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) and apricot (P. armeniaca L.) are similar in fruit and tree morphology, and exhibit high cross- and graft-compatibility with each other. It is therefore difficult to differentiate mume and apricot cultivars on the basis of morphological and phenotypical characteristics. Molecular markers were developed to differentiate nine mume from ten apricot cultivars. Four dominant, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers that can discriminate between mume and apricot cultivars (designated OPA15₆₂₈, OPO10₅₅₀, OPO20₂₅₉, and OPU03₄₁₅) were identified from 21 decamer primers. Two RAPD markers (OPO10₅₅₀ and OPU03₄₁₅) were developed into dominant sequence-characterised amplified region (SCAR) markers (SCO10 and SCU03). These SCAR markers could differentiate between all mume and apricot cultivars.     

Determination of S-RNase genotypes and isolation of four novel S-RNase genes in Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) native to China

Summary

Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) originated in China with more than 500 cultivars. Most cultivars are self-incompatible. It is essential to identify S-genotypes for production and breeding. The S-genotypes of 17 Japanese apricot cultivars native to China were determined using the Prunus S-RNase consensus primer pair, Pru-C2 and PCE-R, which were designed from the second and third conserved regions of Prunus S-RNases, respectively. Eleven S-RNase alleles (S₁ S₂, S₇, S₁₂, S₁₄, S₁₅, S₁₈, S₂₀, S₂₂, S₂₃ and S₂₆) and four new S-RNase alleles (S₃₀, S₃₁, S₃₂ and S₃₃) with GenBank Accession Numbers JN232975, JN232976, JN232977, JN232978 were identified. Furthermore, the S-genotypes of four Japanese apricot cultivars were confirmed by field-testing for cross-pollination. The results of this study enrich the information available on S-genotypes in Japanese apricot and provide a reasonable basis for the appropriate arrangement of pollination trees in orchard practice.     

青梅果实的采后成熟特性和肉质变化

研究了２０℃,相对湿度９３％条件下青梅果实的采后成熟特性和肉质变化,结果表明,青梅果实采后呼吸活性和乙烯生成量随着成熟作用的进展而加大,乙烯生成量极高,在呼吸类型上属于跃变型果实;果皮急速黄化,果肉急速软化,主要原因在于多聚半乳糖醛酸酶,果胶甲酯酶活性的增大,导致水溶性果胶含量上升和盐酸可溶性果胶含量的下降。     

辣椒基因组DNA不同提取方法的比较研究

为筛选一种快速、简便且可获得高质量辣椒DNA分子的提取方法,比较了用SDS法和CTAB法提取辣椒总DNA的效果.研究结果表明,SDS法提取的DNA产率高于CTAB法,而CTAB法在纯度上高于SDS法,2种方法在2个品种上的效果一致.     

Fruit set after self-pollination at different floral stages and its relation to pollen-tube growth and stylar S-RNase content in Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.)

Summary

To investigate fruit set after self-pollination at different floral stages, and its relationship to the S-RNase content of the style in Japanese apricot, which exhibits gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI), the cultivar ‘Xiyeqing’ was selfand cross-pollinated at –6, –4, –2, 0 and +2 d after anthesis (DAA). At –6 and –4 DAA, the percentage fruit set was low, suggesting that the propensity to seed set was weak during this period. At –2 DAA, the percentage fruit set, after self-pollination, reached a maximum of 5.97%. Thus, the effective time of self-pollination to obtain inbred seed was –2 DAA. Soluble protein extracts of styles at each floral stage were subjected to iso-electric focussing. The results showed that S-RNase began to be synthesized from –6 DAA, reached its maximum expression 2 – 3 d before anthesis, and was degraded slowly after anthesis. The number of pollen-tubes arriving at the stylar base, as detected by fluorescence microscopy, varied at –2, 0, and +2 DAA. The number of pollen-tubes arriving at the stylar base, and the percentage fruit set after self-pollination, exhibited a positive correlation (r = 0.8615; P = 0.1), while the S-RNase content per style showed a negative relationship to fruit set percentage (r = –0.9640; P = 0.01), and to the number of pollen tubes arriving at the stylar base (r = –0.9380; P = 0.01) during this period. This implied that the S-RNase content in the style was mainly responsible for the low percentage fruit set and the low number of pollen-tubes arriving at the stylar base after self-pollination.     

梅单瓣复瓣花的相关分子标记初探

 应用RAPD分子标记技术和SCAR 分子标记技术研究了梅单瓣花与复瓣花相关的分子标记。结果表明从34 个随机引物中筛选到一个多态性引物OPP01 , 扩增出只有单瓣花类型具有的分子量为1899 bp的DNA 特异片段, 即OPP01-DS-1899 ; 根据该序列设计大小分别为25 bp 和24bp 的一对引物SSD-1 和SSD-2 ,将RAPD 标记转为SCAR 标记, 该标记大小为1079 bp 。     

中国梅的变异与分布研究

通过文献阅读、标本查阅及实地考察，发现了梅的一些变异类型。提出了梅的地理分布格局，对梅分布的历史迁作的探讨。种、滇、藏交界的横断山区是梅的自然分布中心，另外还有一些亚中心；在对种群数量和变异类型研究的基础上，确认梅的自然分布中心即梅的变异中心。     

蒿种子基因组DNA提取方法的比较研究

以籽蒿(Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch)种子为试验材料,采用SDS法、CTAB法及SDS-CTAB法进行基因组DNA提取.结果表明:SDS-CTAB法适于籽蒿(A sphaerocephala)种子基因组DNA提取,SDS法次之,CTAB法不适合.     

采后处理对青梅果实的生理和品质的影响

测定了青梅采后室温贮藏下生理和品质的变化 ,研究了采后处理对梅果室温和冷藏后转入常温的贮藏效果。结果表明 ,采后果肉急速软化 ,可滴定酸迅速下降。各处理对青梅果实的保鲜效果以乙烯吸收剂处理效果最好 ,其次是GA3处理。CaCl2 处理浓度以 2 %为宜 ,热空气处理的时间不能超过 2d