饲料霉变的危害与预防研究进展

霉菌毒素是霉菌产生的有毒代谢产物,家畜大量采食后导致的病理综合症称为霉菌毒素中毒。目前已知有三种主要的产毒菌:曲霉菌属、镰刀菌属和青霉菌属,这些霉菌的某些菌株当生长在具有适宜的温度、湿度和PH条件的基质(饲料)上时,将产生有毒代谢产物。黄曲霉毒素在玉米和花生中检出率较多,且花生上分离的黄曲霉有80%～90%能产生毒素,麦类则以镰刀菌及其污染为主,青霉及毒素在大米中检出率高,这些真菌毒素直接影响人畜的健康,危害性极大。1饲料霉变引起的危害1.1黄曲霉毒素黄曲霉毒素是一种具高毒性、诱变性和致癌性的化合物。从该化合物中可分…     

饲料霉菌毒素脱毒剂在养猪业中应用

1饲料霉菌毒素产生在谷物的生长、收获和仓储过程中都可能被产生毒素的霉菌所污染。饲料霉菌毒素的产生可以分为两种情况:一种是作物还在田间生长时就受到霉菌的感染而产毒,这类毒素通常被称为“田间性霉菌毒素”,主要是玉米赤霉烯酮、烟曲霉毒素以及包括呕吐毒素和T-2毒素在内的单端孢菌霉烯族毒素。另一种是作物收获以后没有得到及时的干燥处理,或者仓储期间有回潮或被淋湿等而导致水分含量过高,进而发霉而产毒。这一类毒素通常被称为“仓储性霉菌毒素”,主要包括黄曲霉毒素和赭曲霉毒素。中国是世界第一养猪大国,养猪业受饲料霉菌毒素影…     

饲用植物中的抗营养因子及其对动物的危害

1 霉菌毒 素霉菌毒素是指霉菌在基质(饲料)上生长繁殖过程中产生的有毒代谢产物，包括某些霉菌使基质的成分转变而形成的有毒物质。霉菌种类很多，但能产生霉菌毒素的只限于少数的产毒霉菌，而产毒菌种中也只有少数菌株能产生具有危险性的霉菌毒素，主要有：黄曲霉毒素、杂色曲霉毒素、赭曲霉毒素、单端霉     

霉菌毒素与畜禽免疫抑制

1常见的霉菌和霉菌毒素 霉菌通常污染饲料或饲料原料,在其中生长并产生二级代谢产物——霉菌毒素。产毒霉菌主要有3个属,曲霉菌、青霉菌和镰刀菌,而霉菌毒素目前已发现超过350种。常见的霉菌毒素有黄曲霉毒素（AF）、玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEA）、T-2毒素、呕吐毒素（DON）、赭曲霉毒素（OT）、烟曲霉毒素（FUM）等。其中对猪危害最大的是黄曲霉毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮和呕吐毒素。家禽饲料中,自然状况下发生率最高且致害作用最严重的是黄曲霉毒素和单端孢霉烯族毒素。     

饲料中霉菌毒素检测技市新进展

在农产品上生长着各种各样的霉菌,这些霉菌都能产生霉菌毒素,霉菌毒素是有毒的化合物,有些甚至是致癌的,它有很多种(CAST,2003),包括黄曲霉毒素,主要是黄曲霉毒素B1和M1(Anatoxins,FB1、FM1)等.     

霉菌毒素对毛皮动物的危害及防制措施

<正>霉菌毒素是霉菌在适宜条件下在其污染的饲料中产生的可以引起动物中毒的代谢产物。毛皮动物食入含有霉菌毒素的饲料后,可造成肝脏、肾脏、中枢神经系统、生殖系统等多种实质器官的损害。目前,对毛皮动物危害最大的霉菌毒素包括黄曲霉毒素、T-2毒素、玉米赤酶烯酮毒素等。1临床症状及病理变化1.1黄曲霉毒素黄曲霉毒素主要是由黄曲霉产     

不能用发霉的饲料喂鸡喂猪

<正> 畜禽吃了发霉变质的饲料,会发生急性或慢性中毒症状;幼畜、雏鸡对毒素敏感性强,死亡率较高。动物一旦中毒,毒素很难中和或排除。对动物产毒的霉菌常见的有曲霉菌、青霉菌、镰刀菌。它们不但在外界自然环境中可以产生毒素,而且在动物机体内也能生长、繁殖、产毒。影响家禽健康的有黄曲霉毒素、镰刀菌毒素。新出壳幼雏对黄曲霉毒素和烟曲霉菌毒素极易感,而日龄较大     

黄曲霉毒素的危害及防治

黄曲霉毒素(Aflatoxin，简称AFT)是黄曲霉和寄生曲霉等产毒菌株的代谢产物，它不是单一的化合物，而是一类结构相似的化合物，(分子结构均为二呋喃氧杂奈邻酮的衍生物)。用色谱分析法检测发现有20种荧光物质，分为B族和G族，其中B1最为常见(简称AFTB1)，毒性也最大，它被世界卫生组织定为致癌第一杀手。     

一种复合霉菌毒素分解酶在仔鸡中的应用效果研究

<正>霉菌是一类真菌,含有菌丝状结构(丝状或线状),或者形成孢子体。在水分高于12%、温度为25~30℃、湿度达到80%、通风有氧以及较长的储存期等适宜环境下,霉菌就会生长繁殖并产生霉菌毒素。霉菌会消耗有价值的饲料养分,如维生素和氨基酸,并将能量转化为水和CO2。饲料被霉菌毒素污染后会降低饲料的营养素含量,影响适口性,导致动物的采食量降低,严重者甚至完全丧失营养价值。饲料中常见的霉菌毒素主要有黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)、呕吐毒素(DON)、     

猪霉菌毒素中毒的防治措施

霉菌毒素中毒症是指与污染了霉菌毒素的食物或饲料接触而引发的疾病。产毒霉菌有数百种,主要的霉菌毒素有黄曲霉毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮、单端孢霉烯族毒素、烟曲霉毒素、赫曲毒素和麦角生物碱六大类。作物上的霉菌可在田间及在加工和贮存期间均能产生霉菌毒素。通常情况下,人或动物是通过食用受霉菌毒素污染的食品或饲料而发生中毒的。霉菌毒素在动物体内可产生多种生理作用：肝毒、肾毒、对中枢神经系统的作用以及类似雌激素效应等。     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。