Chondrites: initial strontium-87/strontium-86 ratios and the early history of the solar system

A sodium-poor, calcium-rich inclusion in the carbonaceous chondrite Allende had a (87)Sr/(86)Sr ratio at the time of its formation of 0.69880, as low a value as that found in any other meteorite. The higher (87)Sr/(86)Sr ratios found in ordinary chondrites indicate that their formation or isotopic equilibration occurred tens of millions of years later.     

Abundance of alkali metals, alkaline and rare earths, and strontium-87/ strontium-86 ratios in lunar samples

The variation in trace element abundance patterns indicates that lunar igneous rocks are the product of extensive igneous fractionation. Variations in the Sr(87)/ Sr(86) ratio indicate that these rocks crystallized 3.5+/-0.3 x 10(9) years ago.     

Evolution of the ratio of strontium-87 to strontium-86 in seawater from cretaceous to present

A detailed record of the strontium-87 to strontium-86 ratio in seawater during the last 100 million years was determined by measuring this ratio in 137 well-preserved and well-dated fossil foraminifera samples. Sample preservation was evaluated from scanning electron microscopy studies, measured strontium-calcium ratios, and pore water strontium isotope ratios. The evolution of the strontium isotopic ratio in seawater offers a means to evaluate long-term changes in the global strontium isotope mass balance. Results show that the marine strontium isotope composition can be used for correlating and dating well-preserved authigenic marine sediments throughout much of the Cenozoic to a precision of +/-1 million years. The strontium-87 to strontium-86 ratio in seawater increased sharply across the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary, but this feature is not readily explained as strontium input from a bolide impact on land.     

Rubidium-87/strontium-87 age of juvinas basaltic achondrite and early igneous activity in the solar system

A (4.60+/-0.07)x10(9) year internal isochron has been drawn for the achondrite Juvinas by the rubidium-87/strontium-87 method. Earlier petrographic investigation of achondrites supplemented by a new ion microprobe study of Juvinas strongly suggest an igneous origin for this class of meteorites. The results thus indicate that igneous activity may have rapidly followed the formation of the achondrites' parent body 4.6x10(9) years ago.     

The 18O/16O and 17O/16O ratios in atmospheric nitrous oxide: A mass-independent anomaly

Measurements of the oxygen isotope ratios (18O/16O and 17O/16O) in atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) from La Jolla, Pasadena, and the White Mountain Research Station (elevation, 3801 meters) in California and the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico show that N2O has a mass-independent composition. These data suggest the presence of a previously undefined atmospheric process. The La Jolla samples can be explained by a mixing between an atmospherically derived source of mass-independent N2O and biologically derived mass-dependent N2O. Possible origins of the mass-independent anomaly in N2O are discussed.     

Problems in the use of survey questions to measure public opinion

Sample interview surveys are frequently proposed and sometimes used as a way of studying public choices among alternatives. Questions in such surveys may be either "open" or "closed." Two experiments are reported that demonstrate the difficulty of inferring not only absolute levels but even relative orderings of public choices from either type of question, although such questions can be used more successfully to study temporal change or variations across social categories.     

The origin of Cu/Au ratios in porphyry-type ore deposits

Microanalysis of major and trace elements in sulfide and silicate melt inclusions by laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry indicates a direct link between a magmatic sulfide liquid and the composition of porphyry-type ore deposits. Copper (Cu), gold (Au), and iron (Fe) are first concentrated in a sulfide melt during magmatic evolution and then released to an ore-forming hydrothermal fluid exsolved late in the history of a magma chamber. The composition of sulfide liquids depends on the initial composition and source of the magma, but it also changes during the evolution of the magma in the crust. Magmatic sulfide melts may exert the dominant direct control on the economic metal ratios of porphyry-type ore deposits.     

Long-range atmospheric transport of soil dust from Asia to the tropical north pacific: temporal variability

The concentration of airborne soil dust at Enewetak Atoll(11 degrees N, 162 degrees E) in April 1979 was 2.3 micrograms per cubic meter but decreased steadily to 0.02 microgram per cubic meter over the next 5 months. The spring dust is probably derived from China; its deposition rate ( approximately 0.3 millimeter per 1000 years) suggests that it may be a significant contributor to the deep-sea sediments of the North Pacific.     

Antibodies to Asp-Asp-Glu-Asp can inhibit transport of nuclear proteins into the nucleus

The signal sequence of simian virus 40 (SV40) large T-antigen for translocation into the nucleus is composed of positively charged amino acids Lys-Lys-Lys-Arg-Lys. Rabbit antibodies to a synthetic peptide containing the negatively charged amino acid sequence Asp-Asp-Asp-Glu-Asp were obtained. Indirect immunofluorescence of the antigens recognized by the antibody was punctate at the nuclear rim or the nuclear surface, depending on the plane of focus. The antibody blocked transport of nuclear proteins into the nucleus. The antigens recognized by the antibody were predominantly localized to the nuclear pores.     

市地农业信息化建设的对策与措施

信息技术的发展,农业经济市场化、全球化的趋势,农业增效、农民增收的需求等因素,促使农业信息化浪潮迅猛而来.基层农业信息化是农业信息化体系的重点,也是整个农业信息化建设的最薄弱环节.本文立足于市地农业信息化建设,从完善和拓展农业科技信息网络、加强农业科技信息资源建设、建立全面系统的农业信息基层服务组织机构体系等方面具体阐述了市地农业信息化建设的对策及措施.     

The use of hypnosis to enhance recall

The forensic use of hypnosis is increasing. A hypermnesic procedure was used in an experiment that calls this practice into question. Subjects tried for a week to recall 60 previously presented pictures. They were then either hypnotized or not and encouraged to recall even more pictures. Most of the newly recalled material was incorrect, especially for highly hypnotizable subjects in the hypnosis condition. Such errors in recall can have profound implications for forensic investigations.     

滑子菇渣与猪粪不同配比对堆肥腐殖质组成的影响

【目的】探究不同施肥配比对堆肥腐殖质组成的影响。【方法】以滑子菇渣为基础材料,通过添加不同比例猪粪,对腐殖质的结构进行分析,并筛选滑子菇渣与猪粪堆制有机肥料的最佳配比。【结果】滑子菇渣与猪粪不同配比堆肥的水溶性有机物以及胡敏酸碳的含量均随着堆肥过程先下降,再缓慢上升;胡富比均在15 d时显著下降,随着堆肥进程胡富比有所上升,堆肥结束时处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ(滑子菇渣︰猪粪质量比分别为0︰10,1︰9,3︰7,5︰5和7︰3)的胡富比均显著高于起始值,分别是起始值的7.14、3.23、1.22、4.38和2.52倍,且处理Ⅳ的胡富比处于最佳水平;处理Ⅳ的胡敏素碳含量高于其他处理。【结论】滑子菇渣与猪粪按不同配比堆肥与单施滑子菇渣或单施猪粪处理相比,腐殖质组分有机碳量更具优势,有利于堆肥腐殖质的组成含量及土壤肥力的提高。合适的滑子菇渣与猪粪配比条件下,随着胡富比的增加,土壤腐殖质的聚合程度以及腐殖化度提高。有机物料能够提高各结合形态腐殖质含量,改善土壤有机质结构,滑子菇渣与猪粪质量比为5︰5时,效果相对好于其他处理。     

不同形态氮素比例对水稻苗期水分利用效率及其生物效应的影响

通过水培试验研究了不同形态和比例的氮素对水稻苗期水分利用效率及其生物效应的影响。结果表明：随着NH4^ -N/NO3^--N比例的减小，根系鲜重、根日生长率、根系含水量、全氮和全磷含量增加，但在全硝态氮条件下减少；当NH4^ -N/NO3^--N比例为50／50时，水分利用率最高；叶片光合作用对不同形态比例的氮素反应差异明显，NH4^ -N/NO3^--N比例为25／75时，光合速率最大。由此表明，过高的铵态氮和硝态氮比例均会引起水稻有机物合成和生物量积累的减少，其中铵态氮的影响尤为严重。当NH4^ -N/NO3^--N比例为50／50和25／75时，水稻表现出最佳的生物效应。     

The use of graft copolymers to bind immiscible blends

Computer simulations and experimental studies were combined to design copolymers that enhance the strength of polymer composites. These copolymers contain side chains that associate across the boundary between phase-separated regions to form a "molecular velcro" that effectively binds the regions together. This behavior significantly improves the structural integrity and mechanical properties of the material. Because the side chains can be fabricated from a large class of compounds, the technique greatly increases the variety of copolymers that can be used in forming high-strength polymer blends.     

农业标准化是农产品走向国际市场的必经之路

农业标准化是当今世界农业发展的潮流和趋势,是现代农业的重要标志.按照国际标准化组织(ISO)的定义,所谓标准化,就是为了所有有关方面的利益,特别是为了促进最佳的全面经济并适当考虑到产品使用与安全要求,在所有有关方面的协作下,进行有序的特定活动所制定并实施各项规则的过程.现代意义上的标准化始于工业化.……     

The use of transit timing to detect terrestrial-mass extrasolar planets

Future surveys for transiting extrasolar planets are expected to detect hundreds of jovian-mass planets and tens of terrestrial-mass planets. For many of these newly discovered planets, the intervals between successive transits will be measured with an accuracy of 0.1 to 100 minutes. We show that these timing measurements will allow for the detection of additional planets in the system (not necessarily transiting) by their gravitational interaction with the transiting planet. The transit-time variations depend on the mass of the additional planet, and in some cases terrestrial-mass planets will produce a measurable effect. In systems where two planets are seen to transit, the density of both planets can be determined without radial-velocity observations.     

关于划拨土地使用权的法律问题

长期以来对划拨土地的相关法律问题缺少深入的研究,以至于对划拨土地使用权存在许多模糊甚至错误的认识,无法进入市场自由流通。从划拨土地使用权的内容上讲阐了如何转让、出租和抵押划拨土地使用权等的法律问题。     

苏氨酸与赖氨酸不同比例对猪生长性能和胴体组成的影响

选择96头体重28kg左右的杜长大三元杂交猪,按试验要求分成4组,分别饲喂不同苏氨酸与赖氨酸比例(0.62,0.67,0.72和0.78)的饲粮,研究不同苏氨酸与赖氨酸比例对生长肥育猪生长性能和胴体组成的影响.结果表明,不同苏氨酸与赖氨酸比例对猪生长性能和胴体组成有一定的影响,其中以0.72比例组效果最为显著,全程日增重提高了4.92%,瘦肉率提高了6.47%,肌肉重增加了11.50%(P<0.05),但不同苏氨酸与赖氨酸比例对生长肥育猪料重比和内脏器官未产生显著影响.     

饲料糖蛋白质比和投喂率对异育银鲫生长及脂质代谢指标的影响

为研究饲料糖蛋白质比(C/P)和投喂率对异育银鲫生长和脂质代谢指标的影响,实验设计3组C/P水平为C24/P42、C32/P36、C40/P30的等能等脂饲料,每组饲料设2%、3%、4%各3个投喂水平,实验共9组,每组3个重复,每个重复放养24尾初始体质量为(2.40±0.10)g的异育银鲫,每天投喂两次,实验期50 d。结果表明:(1)C24/P42组终末体重(FBW)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料转化效率(FCE)显著高于而蛋白质效率比(PER)显著低于C40/P30组(P0.05),C32/P36与C24/P42组差异不显著。4%组FBW、SGR显著高于3%和2%组(P0.05)。(2)鱼体组成仅受投喂率显著影响,3%、4%组全鱼及胴体水分含量显著低于而脂肪含量显著高于2%组(P0.05),3%与4%组差异不显著。(3)随着饲料C/P水平上升,肝脏苹果酸酶(ME)活性先升高后下降(P0.05),肝酯酶(HL)与脂蛋白酯酶(LPL)活性呈相反变化趋势,但总酯酶(TLP)活性无显著变化,脂质过氧化物(LPO)含量显著上升(P0.05)。随着投喂率增加,3%与4%组ME、HL、LPL、TLP活性及LPO含量显著高于2%组(P0.05)。综合生长和脂质代谢指标分析结果,异育银鲫适宜的饲料C/P水平和投喂率分别为C32/P36和4%。