Quantum state transfer between matter and light

We report on the coherent quantum state transfer from a two-level atomic system to a single photon. Entanglement between a single photon (signal) and a two-component ensemble of cold rubidium atoms is used to project the quantum memory element (the atomic ensemble) onto any desired state by measuring the signal in a suitable basis. The atomic qubit is read out by stimulating directional emission of a single photon (idler) from the (entangled) collective state of the ensemble. Faithful atomic memory preparation and readout are verified by the observed correlations between the signal and the idler photons. These results enable implementation of distributed quantum networking.     

Experimental repetitive quantum error correction

The computational potential of a quantum processor can only be unleashed if errors during a quantum computation can be controlled and corrected for. Quantum error correction works if imperfections of quantum gate operations and measurements are below a certain threshold and corrections can be applied repeatedly. We implement multiple quantum error correction cycles for phase-flip errors on qubits encoded with trapped ions. Errors are corrected by a quantum-feedback algorithm using high-fidelity gate operations and a reset technique for the auxiliary qubits. Up to three consecutive correction cycles are realized, and the behavior of the algorithm for different noise environments is analyzed.     

Quantum communication with zero-capacity channels

Communication over a noisy quantum channel introduces errors in the transmission that must be corrected. A fundamental bound on quantum error correction is the quantum capacity, which quantifies the amount of quantum data that can be protected. We show theoretically that two quantum channels, each with a transmission capacity of zero, can have a nonzero capacity when used together. This unveils a rich structure in the theory of quantum communications, implying that the quantum capacity does not completely specify a channel's ability to transmit quantum information.     

全林分生长收获模型的修正方法研究

林分生长收获模型在森林经营管理中有着重要的作用,随着林分生长过程中相应的经营措施（如间伐、施肥等）的实施以及林分可能发生的病虫害等,会对林分生长产生影响,然而通常并未对已有模型进行及时的修正更新.针对这一问题,提出一种修正方法,按照模型参数求解、模型修正检验、模型深度修正这3个步骤来实现修正,直到误差小于设定的阈值,且被标记的异常数据不超过实际数据的1/2,停止修正,此时得到酌参数值即为模型修正后得到的参数值.通过进行SPSS软件拟合林分模型和修正方法修正模型的对比实验,结果表明,修正方法可行,实现了模型的更新.把修正方法应用到Web平台,将会扩大林分生长收获模型的研究和应用范围.     

Correcting quantum errors with entanglement

We show how entanglement shared between encoder and decoder can simplify the theory of quantum error correction. The entanglement-assisted quantum codes we describe do not require the dual-containing constraint necessary for standard quantum error-correcting codes, thus allowing us to "quantize" all of classical linear coding theory. In particular, efficient modern classical codes that attain the Shannon capacity can be made into entanglement-assisted quantum codes attaining the hashing bound (closely related to the quantum capacity). For systems without large amounts of shared entanglement, these codes can also be used as catalytic codes, in which a small amount of initial entanglement enables quantum communication.     

Implementing the quantum von Neumann architecture with superconducting circuits

The von Neumann architecture for a classical computer comprises a central processing unit and a memory holding instructions and data. We demonstrate a quantum central processing unit that exchanges data with a quantum random-access memory integrated on a chip, with instructions stored on a classical computer. We test our quantum machine by executing codes that involve seven quantum elements: Two superconducting qubits coupled through a quantum bus, two quantum memories, and two zeroing registers. Two vital algorithms for quantum computing are demonstrated, the quantum Fourier transform, with 66% process fidelity, and the three-qubit Toffoli-class OR phase gate, with 98% phase fidelity. Our results, in combination especially with longer qubit coherence, illustrate a potentially viable approach to factoring numbers and implementing simple quantum error correction codes.     

Thermodynamics of an incommensurate quantum crystal

We present a theory of the thermodynamics of an incommensurate quantum solid. The ground state of the solid is assumed to be an incommensurate crystal, with quantum zero-point vacancies and interstitials and thus a non-integer number of atoms per unit cell. We show that at low temperature T, the variation of the net vacancy concentration should be as T4 and that the first correction to the specific heat due to this varies as T7; these are quite consistent with experiments on solid helium-4. We also make some observations about the recent experimental reports of "supersolidity" in solid helium-4 that motivate a renewed interest in quantum crystals.     

Macroscopic quantum effects in nanometer-scale magnets

Quantum tunneling, the passage of a microscopic system from one state to another by way of a classically forbidden path, is theoretically possible in the macroscopic world. One can now make direct observations of such macroscopic quantum tunneling in very small magnetic structures. This is possible because of significant advances both in the ability to obtain magnetic systems of almost any desirable size, shape, and composition and in the development of superconducting instrumentation for the detection of extremely weak magnetic signals. As an example, measurements on magnetic horse spleen ferritin proteins with the predictions of quantum tunneling theory are discussed and shown.     

基于MATLAB的票据自动报账系统设计与实现

目前,国内会计师仍采用人工方式进行票据数据录入,完成账目的处理,错误率高且效 率低,针对该问题,本系统开发出一款对发票实现自动化信息识别并报账的软件,实现从数据采 集到报账完成一体的自动化服务。本系统在MATLAB 软件上运行,结合光学识别OCR 引擎 Tesseract 软件实现功能,基础功能包括:票据图像的无线收发、票据图像信息提取处理与识别,自 动生成财务报表等功能。此外,为了提高系统的可靠性,增加了如多段关键信息截取、图像的倾 斜校正、数学形态学处理等技术。     

Strongly interacting Rydberg excitations of a cold atomic gas

Highly excited Rydberg atoms have many exaggerated properties. In particular, the interaction strength between such atoms can be varied over an enormous range. In a mesoscopic ensemble, such strong, long-range interactions can be used for fast preparation of desired many-particle states. We generated Rydberg excitations in an ultra-cold atomic gas and subsequently converted them into light. As the principal quantum number n was increased beyond ~70, no more than a single excitation was retrieved from the entire mesoscopic ensemble of atoms. These results hold promise for studies of dynamics and disorder in many-body systems with tunable interactions and for scalable quantum information networks.     

Assessing GNSS correction signals for assisted guidance systems in agricultural vehicles

Accuracy levels achieved with differential global positioning system (DGPS) receivers in agricultural operations depend upon the quality of the correction signal. This study has assessed differential signal error from a Dedicated Base Station, OmniSTAR VBS, European Geostationary Navigation Overlay System, European reference frame-IP for internet protocol (EUREF-IP) and radio navigation satellite aided technique (RASANT). These signals were utilized in guidance assisting systems for agricultural applications, such as tillage, harvesting, planting and spraying, in which GPS receivers were used under dynamic conditions. Simulations of agricultural operations on different days and at different time slots and simultaneously recording the tractor′s geo-position from a DGPS receiver and the tractor′s geo-position from a real-time kinematic (RTK) GPS allowed the comparison of the GPS correction signals. The hardware used for tractor guidance was a lightbar (Trimble model EZ-Guide Plus) system. ANOVA statistics showed a significant difference between the accuracy of the correction signals from different sources. GPS correction signal recommendations to farmers depend upon the accuracy required for the specific operation: (a) Yield monitoring and soil sampling (<1 m) are possible with all the GPS correction signals accessed in any time slot. (b) Broadcast seeding, fertilizer and herbicide application (<0.5 m) are possible for 80% of time with OmniSTAR VBS, 40% of time with RASANT and EUREF-IP and 100% of time with a dedicated base station. (c) Transplanting and drill seeding (<0.04 m) are not possible with the accuracy correction provided by any one of the systems used in this study.     

Physics/computer science. Passing messages between disciplines

Problems in computer science, such as error correction in information transfer and "satisfiability" in optimization, show phase transitions familiar from solid-state physics. In his Perspective, Mézard explains how recent advances in these three fields originate in similar "message passing" procedures. The exchange of elaborate messages between different variables and constraints, used in the study of phase transitions in physical systems, helps to make error correction and satisfiability codes more efficient.     

季节调整后的水果价格纵向传导机制研究

运用Granger检验分析了季节调整后的水果生产和零售价格之间的传导关系,并通过误差修正模型(ECM)探讨了它们之间的长期和短期动态关系.结果表明:水果市场价格仅存在从生产到零售的单向信息传导,这主要是由市场信息不对称和市场势力引起的;水果生产和零售价格之间存在协整关系,长期来看,水果零售价格和生产价格处于一种均衡状态,短期内,水果零售价格虽然有所波动,但是受到长期非均衡误差修正机制的制约,会调节至均衡状态.基于以上结论,就如何改善水果市场价格的非对称传导提出了建议.     

Quantum phase extraction in isospectral electronic nanostructures

Quantum phase is not directly observable and is usually determined by interferometric methods. We present a method to map complete electron wave functions, including internal quantum phase information, from measured single-state probability densities. We harness the mathematical discovery of drum-like manifolds bearing different shapes but identical resonances, and construct quantum isospectral nanostructures with matching electronic structure but divergent physical structure. Quantum measurement (scanning tunneling microscopy) of these "quantum drums"-degenerate two-dimensional electron states on the copper(111) surface confined by individually positioned carbon monoxide molecules-reveals that isospectrality provides an extra topological degree of freedom enabling robust quantum state transplantation and phase extraction.     

Geometric manipulation of trapped ions for quantum computation

We propose an experimentally feasible scheme to achieve quantum computation based solely on geometric manipulations of a quantum system. The desired geometric operations are obtained by driving the quantum system to undergo appropriate adiabatic cyclic evolutions. Our implementation of the all-geometric quantum computation is based on laser manipulation of a set of trapped ions. An all-geometric approach, apart from its fundamental interest, offers a possible method for robust quantum computation.     

Quantum criticality: competing ground states in low dimensions

Small changes in an external parameter can often lead to dramatic qualitative changes in the lowest energy quantum mechanical ground state of a correlated electron system. In anisotropic crystals, such as the high-temperature superconductors where electron motion occurs primarily on a two-dimensional square lattice, the quantum critical point between two such lowest energy states has nontrivial emergent excitations that control the physics over a significant portion of the phase diagram. Nonzero temperature dynamic properties near quantum critical points are described, using simple theoretical models. Possible quantum phases and transitions in the two-dimensional electron gas on a square lattice are discussed.     

Unraveling the spin polarization of the ν = 5/2 fractional quantum Hall state

The fractional quantum Hall (FQH) effect at filling factor ν = 5/2 has recently come under close scrutiny, as its ground state may possess quasi-particle excitations obeying nonabelian statistics, a property sought for topologically protected quantum operations. However, its microscopic origin remains unknown, and candidate model wave functions include those with undesirable abelian statistics. We report direct measurements of the electron spin polarization of the ν = 5/2 FQH state using resistively detected nuclear magnetic resonance. We find the system to be fully polarized, which unambiguously rules out the most likely abelian contender and lends strong support for the ν = 5/2 state being nonabelian. Our measurements reveal an intrinsically different nature of interaction in the first excited Landau level underlying the physics at ν = 5/2.     

财政支持对提高农民家庭经营收入的效果——基于1991—2008年统计数据的再检验

基于1991至2008年的统计数据,运用ADF检验、协整检验及误差修正模型,分析了财政支持对农民人均家庭经营收入的影响。结果表明,近些年国家财政支农绝对量的增加对提高农民人均家庭经营收入有一定的推动作用,但这种推动作用的长期或短期效果都还不令人满意,财政支农对农民收入影响还有很大的提高空间。因此,本文提出了调整国民收入分配格局,加大财政支农力度;建立财政对农业支持的长期稳定机制;鼓励和吸引社会资金投入等政策建议。     

Functional quantum nodes for entanglement distribution over scalable quantum networks

We demonstrated entanglement distribution between two remote quantum nodes located 3 meters apart. This distribution involves the asynchronous preparation of two pairs of atomic memories and the coherent mapping of stored atomic states into light fields in an effective state of near-maximum polarization entanglement. Entanglement is verified by way of the measured violation of a Bell inequality, and it can be used for communication protocols such as quantum cryptography. The demonstrated quantum nodes and channels can be used as segments of a quantum repeater, providing an essential tool for robust long-distance quantum communication.