均布荷载下拱的弹塑性二次分岔屈曲性能初探

使用一种新的屈曲路径跟踪策略,对拱在平面内的弹塑性极值点屈曲和二次分岔屈曲全过程进行跟踪分析,得到全跨均布荷载作用下材料、截面相同而矢跨比不同的拱的弹塑性极值点屈曲荷载和二次分岔屈曲荷载,以及半跨均布荷载作用下其极值点屈曲荷载.研究结果表明：对于弹塑性拱结构,在全跨均布荷载作用下,二次分岔屈曲总是最危险的屈曲形式,其发生必定先于极值点屈曲.对于材料、截面相同,矢跨比0.1～0.5的拱,半跨均布荷载作用下矢跨比0.23的拱极值点屈曲极限承载力最大;全跨均布荷载作用下,矢跨比0.1的拱极值点屈曲和二次分岔屈曲极限承载力均大于其他拱.将得到的全跨和半跨均布荷载作用下不同长细比、不同矢跨比拱的弹塑性极限承载力计算结果归纳总结,得到极限承载力简化计算公式,可以直接查用,便于工程设计中使用.     

Model structure for the inflammatory protein C5a

The complement cleavage product C5a is a potent stimulant of inflammatory processes; thus, inhibition of C5a activity is of therapeutic interest. The three-dimensional structure of the major portion of C5a was modeled from the homologous C3a crystal structure by comparative modeling techniques. The model shows that core residues of C5a are completely conserved, while external residues differ from C3a. Even though the amino-terminal 12 residues of C3a are disordered in the crystal, this sequence in C5a may form an amphipathic helix. The distribution of species sequence differences in the complete C5a structure suggests a possible receptor binding site.     

The needle length of bacterial injectisomes is determined by a molecular ruler

Size determination represents a fundamental requirement for multicomponent biological structures. Some pathogenic bacteria possess a weapon derived from the flagellum. Like the flagellum, this type-III secretion apparatus, called the injectisome, has a transmembrane basal body, but the external component is a needle-like structure instead of a hook and a filament. Here, we provide evidence that the length of this needle is determined by the size of a protein, YscP, acting as a molecular ruler.     

浅议科技期刊的选题策划

剖析了影响科技期刊选题策划的三个主要因素:科技期刊二重性,办刊宗旨和读者的需求。指出为了提高科技期刊的质量,充分发挥科技期刊的作用,必须做好科技期刊的选题策划工作,并提出做好科技期刊选题策划工作要突出办刊特色,适应不同读者群体的阅读需要,走市场化的经营道路,选题突出科技期刊的特点,栏目策划要多样化。     

关于打造农业精品期刊的思考

详细分析了制约农业精品期刊产生的主要因素,提出通过采取树立品牌意识,明确刊物定位,突出办刊特色,打造一支高素质复合型的人才队伍,发展集团化经营等系列措施,打造农业精品期刊。     

鲤slc15a1基因的多克隆抗体制备及其表达分析

鲤(Cyprinus carpio)slc15a1基因是利用质子梯度逆浓度转运小肽和肽类似物到各种组织细胞内的一种低亲和力、高容量的转运载体,该基因在免疫反应中也起到重要作用。从蛋白质水平上探究slc15a1(slc15a1a和slc15a1b)基因在鲤体内免疫应答机制中的变化,将slc15a1a和slc15a1b基因含有部分抗原决定簇的片段加入双酶切位点BamHⅠ和HindⅢ后连接至pET-32a(+),构建表达载体,并成功制备鼠源slc15a1a和slc15a1b基因多克隆抗体。采用ELISA法检测抗体效价,获得的鼠抗Slc15a1a和Slc15a1b的效价分别为8.1×10⁵和2.7×10⁵。在嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)感染后,Slc15a1a和Slc15a1b的最高蛋白表达水平与空白对照相比,分别增加了3.39和2.85倍,说明本实验制备的多克隆抗体具有较高的亲和力、特异性和较强的免疫原性,能够及时地诱导机体产生免疫应答。Slc15a1a在嗜水气单胞菌感染后3 h和6 h迅速做出高表达量响应,在12 h后开始出现表达水平的下降,但Slc15a1b在3~24 h时却一直维持着较稳定的高表达响应,表明Slc15a1a和Slc15a1b之间具有一定的表达差异。在感染过程中,Slc15a1a的表达量基本高于Slc15a1b,因此slc15a1a基因可能是slc15a1基因的主效基因,在鲤免疫应答过程中发挥重要作用。     

The mysteries of lipoprotein(a)

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a macromolecular complex found in human plasma that combines structural elements from the lipoprotein and blood clotting systems and that is associated with premature coronary heart disease and stroke. It is assembled from low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and a large hydrophilic glycoprotein called apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)], which is homologous to the protease zymogen plasminogen. Plasma Lp(a) concentrations vary 1000-fold between individuals and represent a continuous quantitative genetic trait with a skewed distribution in Caucasian populations. Variation in the hypervariable apo(a) gene on chromosome 6q2.6-q2.7 and interaction of apo(a) alleles with defective LDL-receptor genes explain a large fraction of the variability of plasma Lp(a) concentrations. Though of high theoretical and practical interest, many aspects of the metabolism, function, evolution, and regulation of plasma concentrations of Lp(a) are presently unknown, controversial, or mysterious.     

连续函数列的极限函数需要满足的充分条件和必要条件

研究Rn上的函数f是Rn上一列连续函数{nfn}的极限函数的必要条件和充分条件.利用Baire定理,给出了连续函数列的极限函数必须满足的必要条件.通过构造连续函数列逼近已知函数,给出了连续函数列的极限函数必须满足的充分条件.     

盆栽水稻水分消耗检测系统的研制

为了准确检测纸膜覆盖对水稻植株蒸腾、地表蒸发和耕层渗漏的影响，本试验研制了盆栽条件下的水稻水分消耗检测系统，它由动态电阻应变仪、输出面板、计算机或万用表、土槽传感器、渗漏传感器、种植作物的土槽、水箱、漏斗、土槽，水箱配重、吊索和机架等组成。该系统的特点是，通过配重平衡了系统的静态质量，能对静态质量较大，但质量的动态变化值很小的质量变化动态系统进行实时检测，结构简单、造价较低。标定试验结果表明，研制的系统精度和灵敏度较高。该系统可以用于其他作物的水分消耗及其他类似质量动态变化系统的检测。     

The molecular mechanism of thermal noise in rod photoreceptors

Spontaneous electrical signals in the retina's photoreceptors impose a limit on visual sensitivity. Their origin is attributed to a thermal, rather than photochemical, activation of the transduction cascade. Although the mechanism of such a process is under debate, the observation of a relationship between the maximum absorption wavelength (λ(max)) and the thermal activation kinetic constant (k) of different visual pigments (the Barlow correlation) indicates that the thermal and photochemical activations are related. Here we show that a quantum chemical model of the bovine rod pigment provides a molecular-level understanding of the Barlow correlation. The transition state mediating thermal activation has the same electronic structure as the photoreceptor excited state, thus creating a direct link between λ(max) and k. Such a link appears to be the manifestation of intrinsic chromophore features associated with the existence of a conical intersection between its ground and excited states.     

鸡miR-133a靶向调控BIRC5基因的表达

【目的】研究miR-133a在鸡不同组织中的表达情况,对baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5（BIRC5）进行靶基因的试验验证,探讨鸡miR-133a对BIRC5的靶向调控作用。【方法】采用生物信息学方法对miR-133a靶基因进行预测,并用双荧光素酶报告系统及点突变试验对BIRC5进行靶基因验证,同时运用实时荧光定量PCR检测miR-133a在鸡不同组织中的表达量。【结果】在鸡3′UTR数据库的11 891个基因中预测到287个miR-133a的靶基因;miR-133a在鸡的组织表达谱中显示其在肌肉中的表达量较高,尤其是在骨骼肌中表达量最高;报告基因试验显示BIRC5是miR-133a的靶基因,点突变试验证实了miR-133a在BIRC5上结合的靶位点。【结论】miR-133a是与鸡骨骼肌发育高度相关的miRNA,且鸡BIRC5基因是miR-133a的靶基因。     

State-specific correlation of coincident product pairs in the F + CD4 reaction

When a chemical reaction forms two molecular products, even if the state-resolved differential cross section (DCS) for each product is obtained individually, the coincident attributes of the coproducts are still lacking. We exploit a method that provides coincidence information by measuring the state-resolved, pair-correlated DCS. Exemplified by the reaction F + CD4 --> DF + CD3, a time-sliced ion velocity imaging technique was used to measure the velocity distribution of a state-selected CD3 product and to reveal the information of the coincident DF in a state-correlated manner. The correlation of different product state pairs shows a striking difference, which opens up a new way to unravel the complexity of a polyatomic reaction.     

海门山羊笔料毛的纤维组织结构

为揭示海门山羊羊毛纤维结构特征及其与工艺性能的关系，在屠宰海门山羊时将烫退的羊毛晾干后分拣归类，分为３类，一类毛为粗毛，表面鳞片呈鱼鳞状，毛干中心充满大量髓质；二类毛虽然也属粗毛，但鳞片呈片断形（近似长方形），毛干中心的髓腔细小，髓质较少；三类毛的上、中、下３段分别具有细毛、两型毛、粗毛的特征，其鳞片分别为环形、混合型和鱼鳞形，毛干中心上段透明或呈点状髓，中段髓腔细小，髓质较少，下段充满髓质。     

Single-molecule fluorescence experiments determine protein folding transition path times

The transition path is the tiny fraction of an equilibrium molecular trajectory when a transition occurs as the free-energy barrier between two states is crossed. It is a single-molecule property that contains all the mechanistic information on how a process occurs. As a step toward observing transition paths in protein folding, we determined the average transition-path time for a fast- and a slow-folding protein from a photon-by-photon analysis of fluorescence trajectories in single-molecule F?rster resonance energy transfer experiments. Whereas the folding rate coefficients differ by a factor of 10,000, the transition-path times differ by a factor of less than 5, which shows that a fast- and a slow-folding protein take almost the same time to fold when folding actually happens. A very simple model based on energy landscape theory can explain this result.     

科技期刊编辑应具备的素质刍议

编辑是科技期刊出版工作的主角,其思维方式左右着科技期刊的总体设计,他对科技期刊出版的全过程、科技期刊的内容质量、论文的取舍起着决定性的作用。笔者通过分析编辑对科技期刊出版的影响,指出编辑的素质是影响科技期刊质量的关键,并论述了在新时期下,为了提高科技期刊的质量,科技期刊编辑须具备以下素质:有较高的政治素质及良好的职业道德;有一定的学术水平和相关的专业知识;拥有广博的知识、必要的文学修养;掌握编辑出版专业知识;有一定的社会活动和组织能力等。     

Building black holes: supercomputer cinema

A new computer code can solve Einstein's equations of general relativity for the dynamical evolution of a relativistic star cluster. The cluster may contain a large number of stars that move in a strong gravitational field at speeds approaching the speed of light. Unstable star clusters undergo catastrophic collapse to black holes. The collapse of an unstable cluster to a supermassive black hole at the center of a galaxy may explain the origin of quasars and active galactic nuclei. By means of a supercomputer simulation and color graphics, the whole process can be viewed in real time on a movie screen.     

Parallel and serial neural mechanisms for visual search in macaque area V4

To find a target object in a crowded scene, a face in a crowd for example, the visual system might turn the neural representation of each object on and off in a serial fashion, testing each representation against a template of the target item. Alternatively, it might allow the processing of all objects in parallel but bias activity in favor of those neurons that represent critical features of the target, until the target emerges from the background. To test these possibilities, we recorded neurons in area V4 of monkeys freely scanning a complex array to find a target defined by color, shape, or both. Throughout the period of searching, neurons gave enhanced responses and synchronized their activity in the gamma range whenever a preferred stimulus in their receptive field matched a feature of the target, as predicted by parallel models. Neurons also gave enhanced responses to candidate targets that were selected for saccades, or foveation, reflecting a serial component of visual search. Thus, serial and parallel mechanisms of response enhancement and neural synchrony work together to identify objects in a scene. To find a target object in a crowded scene, a face in a crowd for example, the visual system might turn the neural representation of each object on and off in a serial fashion, testing each representation against a template of the target item. Alternatively, it might allow the processing of all objects in parallel but bias activity in favor of those neurons that represent critical features of the target, until the target emerges from the background. To test these possibilities, we recorded neurons in area V4 of monkeys freely scanning a complex array to find a target defined by color, shape, or both. Throughout the period of searching, neurons gave enhanced responses and synchronized their activity in the gamma range whenever a preferred stimulus in their receptive field matched a feature of the target, as predicted by parallel models. Neurons also gave enhanced responses to candidate targets that were selected for saccades, or foveation, reflecting a serial component of visual search. Thus, serial and parallel mechanisms of response enhancement and neural synchrony work together to identify objects in a scene.