Brain factor control of sex pheromone production in the female corn earworm moth

Sex pheromone production in the female corn earworm moth Heliothis zea is controlled by a hormonal substance produced in the female's brain. It is present in the brain in scotophase as well as photophase, but it is released into the hemolymph to stimulate pheromone production only in the scotophase. The stimulatory activity was also detected in the brains of male corn earworm moths and of other moths.     

稻纵卷叶螟性信息素诱蛾试验及测报技术探讨

通过性信息素诱捕稻纵卷叶螟的田间试验,比较性信息素诱测与人工赶蛾监测结果,发生高峰期的时间段基本吻合,在稻纵卷叶螟测报上有一定的应用前景。     

Sex pheromone of the codling moth: structure and synthesis

The structure of a sex pheromone of the codling moth. Laspeyresia pomonella (L.), has been determined by spectrometric and chemical degradative techniques and by synthesis to be (2Z, 6E)-7-methyl-3-propyl-2,6-decadien-1-ol. In field cage tests the synthesized sex pheromone was as attractive as the natural, but neither was as attractive as ten virgin females per trap.     

性诱剂在甘薯小象虫防治上的应用研究

甘薯小象虫是福建薯区重要的害虫。研究表明，甘薯小象虫在福州薯区年发生有5个高峰期，分别在4月中旬、7月上旬、8月中旬、9月下旬和10月下旬；甘薯小象虫性诱剂对雄成虫具有很强的引诱活性，持效期达110d，引诱范围达15m；选用橡皮塞诱芯、2%洗衣粉溶液和1.25L可乐瓶制作的诱捕器诱捕效果较佳，在莆田、惠安两地薯区进行周年诱捕结果，田间雄成虫数量分别下降了55.4%和57.7%，防治效果分别为69.5%和72.6%。实践证明，应用甘薯小象虫性诱剂防治小象虫是一种简便、安全、有效的防治新方法。     

Disruption of sex pheromone communication in a nematode

Males of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, an intestinal parasite of rodents, were maintained in an environment permeated with pheromone produced by females of the species. After the males were removed from that environment, their subsequent ability to orient to a gradient of the pheromone emanating from living females was greatly reduced for periods up to 2 hours. This phenomenon might serve as the basis for a new, selective antihelminthic technique in which the premating communication between males and females is disrupted.     

小菜蛾性信息素与性信息素结合蛋白、受体蛋白结合机理研究

【目的】研究小菜蛾性信息素与性信息素结合蛋白、受体蛋白之间作用的关键氨基酸残基和作用力类型,揭示小菜蛾识别性信息素的分子机制,为开发新型性诱剂和小菜蛾的无害化防治提供新思路。【方法】运用Discovery Studio 2.5对小菜蛾性信息素结合蛋白PxylPBP2和受体蛋白PxylOR4进行同源建模,运用程序包中LibDock模块进行分子对接,运用Calculate Energy模块计算复合物结合自由能,分析性信息素Z9-14∶AC与PxylPBP2和PxylOR4的结合模式及相互作用力。【结果】Thr9是PxylPBP2与Z9-14∶AC形成氢键的关键氨基酸残基,Z9-14∶AC易与PxylOR4中的Leu残基产生疏水作用力;PxylPBP2与Z9-14∶AC结合的主要驱动力是静电力,PxylOR4与Z9-14∶AC结合的主要驱动力是范德华力,溶剂化能均抑制Z9-14∶AC与PxylPBP2和Z9-14∶AC与PxylOR4的结合。【结论】小菜蛾性信息素受体蛋白和性信息素结合蛋白在识别和结合性信息素分子方面存在明显差异,性信息素受体蛋白与性信息素反应更灵敏、形成的复合物更稳定。     

Involvement of juvenile hormone in the regulation of pheromone release activities in a moth

Juvenile hormone has been implicated in the mediation of several reproduction-related events in adult insects, but had previously been found to play no role in the regulation of sex pheromone production and release behavior ("calling") in moths. In females of the true armyworm moth, Pseudaletia unipuncta, juvenile hormone is shown to be essential to the initiation of both calling behavior and pheromone production. Females without corpora allata, the source of juvenile hormone, do not call and do not produce pheromone, but injection of juvenile hormone into allatectomized females restored these activities. The armyworm's control system has likely evolved in response to the adults' migratory behavior which may necessitate that mating be restricted to the period following migration.     

Hydrocarbon sex pheromone in tiger moths (Arctiidae)

2-Methylheptadecane is a sex pheromone compound in many sibling species of the Holomelina aurantiaca complex, in Holomelina laeta, and in Pyrrharctia isabella, which are all arctiids. Habitat preference, temporal distribution , and differing diurnal cycles help effect reproductive isolation among the species, but secondary sex pheromone chemicals are also suggested by the field studies.     

2,6-dichlorophenol, sex pheromone of the lone star tick

The compound 2,6-dichlorophenol was identified from female lone star ticks, Amblyomma americanum, and is believed to be a sex pheromone of this arthropod. The natural occurrence of a chlorinated organic compound in a land animal is new. The presence of similar compounds of exogenous origin is common in animals, but efforts to implicate an outside source for the halogenated phenol have failed.     

苹果蠹蛾性信息素田间应用技术研究

【目的】探讨苹果蠹蛾性信息素田间应用中的技术问题,为苹果蠹蛾性信息素的科学应用提供理论依据。【方法】采用三角式、飞翼式、水盆式和圆筒式4种诱捕器,较系统地研究了诱捕器类型和悬挂高度、苹果蠹蛾性信息素剂量和纯度等因素对诱捕效果的影响。【结果】三角式和飞翼式诱捕器的诱捕效果较佳;诱捕器设置在树冠中上部的诱捕量极显著高于下部及顶部;每诱芯中苹果蠹蛾性信息素含量为0.75 mg时诱捕效果最佳,剂量低于每诱芯0.25 mg或高于1.5 mg时,诱捕量显著下降;性信息素纯度对诱捕效果影响较大,在每诱芯1.00 mg剂量下,纯度为75%的性信息素诱捕效果较佳。【结论】田间宜采用三角式粘胶诱捕器;每诱芯中含0.75 mg苹果蠹蛾性信息素处理的诱捕效果最佳;性信息素纯度不低于75%即可达到制备诱芯的要求;诱捕器设置在树冠中上部诱蛾效果更好。     

Clarification of the chemical status of the pink bollworm sex pheromone

Propylure, 10-n-propyl-trans-5,9-tridecadienyl acetate, and deet, N,N,-diethyl-m-tolumide, were previously reported as the sex pheromone and a sex pheromone activator, respectively, of the pink bollworm. Neither chemical in three extracts of female moth abdomen tips could be detected by gas-liquid chromatographic analysis. These compounds, alone or in combination, exhibited little or no biological activity in the laboratory or in the field. Hexalure, cis-7-hexadecenyl acetate, a synthetic attractant for pink bollworm males, could not be detected in female moth abdomen tip extracts. The pink bollworm sex pheromone was identified as a mixture of cis,cis and cis,trans isomers of 7,11-hexadecadienyl acetate.     

Sex pheromone of the pink bollworm moth: biological masking by its geometrical isomer

A mixture of the cis and trans forms of propylure (10-propyl-trans-5,9-tridecadienyl acetate), the sex pheromone of the female pink bollworm moth, has been separated into its pure isomers by thin-layer chromatography. The cis isomer inhibits or masks the activity of the trans isomer, as little as 15 percent of the cis isomer being sufficient to completely nullify the activity of the trans isomer.     

利用性诱剂监测甘蔗条螟发生趋势

利用性诱剂对广东雷州地区甘蔗条螟的发生情况进行预测预报试验,研究条螟的发生趋势.多年测报结果表明,蔗田中甘蔗条螟的发生情况与温度和降雨量等有相关性,7～9月是诱蛾量高峰集中期,并指出该时期螟虫危害对产量、糖分影响的严重性.     

Identification of the sex pheromone of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica

The sex pheromone of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, has been characterized as gentisyl quinone isovalerate. This cockroach is a major cause of allergic disease and serves as a mechanical vector of pathogens, making it one of the most important residential and food-associated pests worldwide. The sex pheromone-producing gland in adult females was identified in 1993, but thermal instability of the pheromone made characterization difficult. Now, using a new preparative gas chromatography approach coupled with electroantennographic detection, we have isolated and characterized the pheromone, which we term blattellaquinone, and confirmed the identification by chemical synthesis. The synthetic pheromone was active in behavioral assays and highly effective in field trapping tests, which suggest that it may provide a new tool in cockroach population detection, monitoring, and control.     

Sex pheromone of the winter moth, a geometrid with unusually low temperature precopulatory responses

The sex pheromone for the winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.), has been identified as the novel compound (Z,Z,Z)-1,3,6,9-nonadecatetraene. The male moths respond to the pheromone at low temperatures (4 degrees to 15 degrees C) and exhibit an upper response limit that coincides with the lower response limit for other reported moth sex pheromone systems. The pheromone attracted two other geometrid species, O. bruceata (Bruce spanworm) and O. occidentalis.     

从性信息素特征谱看苹果巢蛾的演化

以原始材料为基础，分析了苹果巢蛾（Ｙｐｏｎｏｍｅｕｔａｐａｄｅｌａ）性信息素特征谱的主要特点，提出了“性信息素特征谱分子量”这一术语进一步阐述了昆虫性信息素中主、次级成份的意义，即主级成分主要起保持种间生殖隔离的作用，而次级成分则有在交尾前保持种群内或种内生殖隔离的功效。单个雌蛾都有自己独特而稳定的性信息素特征谱；不同个体间的性信息素特征谱有显著差异，这种差异主要是由性信息素中次级成分的变异所引起的。根据个体间性信息素特征谱的差异可以将苹果巢蛾种群划分成三个类群，据此推断出苹果巢蛾的演化历史及其与近缘种的亲缘关系。     

Volatile principle from oak leaves: role in sex life of the polyphemus moth

An emanation from oak leaves is necessary for the mating of polyphemus moths under laboratory conditions. This requirement can be satisfied by placing the moths in the presence of oak leaves or aqueous or alcoholic extracts prepared from oak leaves. The active principle is a vola- tile, heat-stable, polar material which has been partially purified. The oak emanation acts on the female and not on the male, and the sensory receptors are located on the female antennae. The reception of the oak emanation is prerequisite for the female's release of her sex pheromone, which in turn, is necessary for the sexual activation of the male.     

The galactic center: An interacting system of unusual sources

The region bounded by the inner tens of light-years at the center of the Milky Way Galaxy contains five principal components that coexist within the central deep well of gravitational potential. These constituents are a black hole candidate (Sgr A*) with a mass equivalent to 2.6 +/- 0.2 x 10(6) solar masses, a surrounding cluster of evolved stars, a complex of young stars, molecular and ionized gas clouds, and a powerful supernova-like remnant. The interaction of these components is responsible for many of the phenomena occurring in this complex and unique portion of the Galaxy. Developing a consistent picture of the primary interactions between the components at the Galactic center will improve our understanding of the nature of galactic nuclei in general, and will provide us with a better-defined set of characteristics of black holes. For example, the accretion of stellar winds by Sgr A* appears to produce far less radiation than indicated by estimates based on models of galactic nuclei.