BFF,rbGH对牛卵泡卵母细胞体外受精后发育的影响

利用屠宰黄牛卵巢，对２～５ｍｍ卵泡卵母细胞的体外成熟（ＩＶＭ）、体外受精（ＩＶＦ）、受精卵的体外培养（ＩＶＣ）进行了系列研究。结果表明，在成熟培养液中单独添加１０％Ｄ０ＥＣＳ（发情当天牛血清）获得了卵泡卵母细胞受精后较高的卵裂率（６４．７％）、桑椹胚发育率（３９．９％）和囊胚发育率（２４．８％），说明在成熟培养液中单独添加Ｄ０ＥＣＳ是可行的；在含１０％Ｄ０ＥＣＳ的成熟培养液中再添加１０％或２０％ＢＦＦ（牛卵泡液），均能提高受精卵的卵裂率以及桑椹胚和囊胚的发育率，以添加２０％ＢＦＦ效果较好，其囊胚发育率（３５．０％）显著高于对照组（２４．８％，Ｐ＜０．０５）；在卵泡卵母细胞成熟培养系统和受精卵共同培养系统中添加１０μｇ／Ｌ重组牛生长因子（ｒｂＧＨ），虽对体外受精卵的卵裂率无显著影响（Ｐ＞０．０５），但能显著提高卵裂胚的囊胚发育率（Ｐ＜０．０５）     

生物频谱对牛胚胎体外生产效率的影响

本试验利用可调式周林生物频谱发生器对牛卵母细胞体外成熟、体外受精和体外培养过程实施辐射 ,以提高牛胚胎体外生产效率。频谱发生器与培养材料的距离为 5cm ,辐射强度根据辐射温度加以调节。实验结果表明 ,辐射温度控制在 39℃时 ,入孵卵母细胞的卵裂率 ( 63% )与对照组 ( 61 % )无显著差异(P >0 0 5) ,而囊胚发育率 ( 39% )显著高于对照组 ( 1 9% ) (P <0 0 5) ;当辐射温度达到 4 0℃时 ,实验组的卵裂率仅为 1 4 % ,囊胚率为 0。体外受精生产的囊胚用EFS4 0液进行玻璃化冷冻保存 ,解冻后发现 ,整个生产过程经生物频谱辐射胚胎的体外发育率 ( 86% )显著高于对照组 ( 65% )。     

山羊卵泡卵母细胞体外受精及受精卵的体外发育

对山羊卵泡卵母细胞的体外成熟、体外受精及受精卵体外培养的系列研究表明,在成熟培养液中添加１５μｇ／Ｌ重组牛生长激素（ｒｂＧＨ）,与ＦＳＨ和ＬＨ配合使用,卵泡卵母细胞的成熟率（６７．９％）显著高于不含ｒｂＧＨ的培养组（５３．１％,Ｐ＜０．０５）;３８．５℃和３９．０℃的培养温度对卵泡卵母细胞体外成熟培养的影响无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）;ＢＯ液上浮法对山羊冷冻精子的活精子分离效果优于Ｐｅｒｃｏｌ分层液法,并得到较高的受精率（６４．３％∶４９．０％,Ｐ＜０．０５）;颗粒细胞单层和输卵管上皮细胞单层的共同培养体系均有益于受精卵的体外发育。     

牛胚胎体外生产技术的简化研究

利用屠宰牛卵巢分离的卵母细胞，以卵裂率和囊胚发育率为标准，对牛胚胎体外生产过程进行了简化试验。结果显示：不加卵丘细胞的高密度卵母细胞体外成熟（１００￣２００枚／平皿）可代替加卵丘细胞的标准密度（５０枚／平皿）培养，其卵裂率（５７．６％比６２．５％）和囊胚发育率（２３．７％比２９．１％）没有显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０５），体外授精时间可从成熟培养后２２ｈ延长至２７ｈ，卵裂率和囊胚发育率均没有显著变化，卵母     

牛性机能发育阶段与卵泡、黄体因素对卵母细胞体外成熟及体外受精的影响

利用屠宰母牛卵巢．对来自不同性机能发育阶段母牛的卵巢卵母细胞．不同状态卵巢卵泡的卵母细胞的体外成熟（ＩＶＭ）、体外受精（ＩＶＦ）进行了系列研究。结果表明．来自初情期、性成熟母牛卵巢的卵母细胞受精后的卵裂率（ ７４． ７％和 ８１． ５％）、囊胚率（ ２３．０％和 ２６． ８％）显著高于来自初情期前母牛卵巢卵母细胞的卵裂率（１８．８％）和囊胚率（１．８％）,Ｐ＜０．０５;有黄体卵巢的卵母细胞体外受精后的发育能力显著低于无黄体卵巢卵母细胞（卵裂率５８．０％：７９． ９％,囊胚率１３．％：２７．１％,Ｐ＜０．０５）;优势卵泡的有无对卵母细胞的卵裂率和囊胚率无明显影响。     

牛胚胎体外生产技术的简化研究

利用屠宰牛卵巢分离的卵母细胞，以卵裂率和囊胚发育率为标准，对牛胚胎体外生产过程进行了简化试验。结果显示：不加卵丘细胞的高密度卵母细胞体外成熟（１００～２００枚／平皿）可代替加卵丘细胞的标准密度（５０枚／平皿）培养，其卵裂率（５７．６％比６２．５％）和囊胚发育率（２３．７％比２９．１％）没有显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），体外授精时间可从成熟培养后２２ｈ延长至２７ｈ，卵裂率和囊胚发育率均没有显著变化，卵母细胞体外成熟后可以不经洗涤直接移入受精滴，原成熟培养皿内残留卵丘细胞再培养４８ｈ形成的单层细胞，可代替标准方法制作的单层小滴用于体外受精胚胎的共同培养，供胚胎发育培养的单层细胞使用多次不影响囊胚发育率，经简化的ＩＶＦ技术获得的胚胎非手术移入情期同步受体牛子宫角２～２．５个月后直检有５８．３％（７／１２）妊娠。我们认为，传统的牛胚胎体外生产技术经过简化可以提高生产效率，不会减少囊胚发育率和妊娠率，值得推广应用。     

电激活对完全体外化牛细胞核移植的影响

牛卵母细胞在体外成熟２３～２４ｈ时去核，去核卵用８０Ｖ／ｍｍ４０μｓ两次电脉冲激活（Ⅰ组）或不激活（Ⅱ组），然后将体外受精、发育的８～３２细胞期胚胎的单个卵裂球注入卵周隙，用８０Ｖ／ｍｍ４０μｓ两次电脉冲诱导卵裂球与去核卵母细胞融合。Ⅰ组操作后存活率和融合率（８８．４％和５５．０％）显著低于Ⅱ组（９５．９％和６５．１％，Ｐ＜０．０５）。融合卵体外培养２４ｈ和５～８ｄ后，Ⅰ组核移植胚胎的卵裂率和桑椹／囊胚发育率（６３．０％和１５．２％）与Ⅱ组（５０．５％和７．８％）无显著差异，但Ⅰ组结果均好于Ⅱ组。将来自两组的２５枚桑椹和囊胚移植到１６头同期受体，在已检查过的８头受体中２头受体妊娠，其中１头于妊娠后４个多月流产，１头于妊娠期满后产出一雄性牛犊。研究结果表明：去核卵母细胞的电激活尽管对重组卵的存活与融合不利，但可改善核移植胚的卵裂和发育。本研究在我国首次获得牛细胞核移植的成功，证明用ＩＶＭ卵母细胞和ＩＶＦ胚胎进行完全体外化的牛细胞核移植是可行的。     

兔胚胎核移植操作条件的建立

本文对影响家兔胚胎细胞核移植的几个重要因素进行了研究。以不同的融合电场强度对重组胚进行处理，结果表明脉冲参数为１．６５ｋｖ／ｃｍ，脉宽为８５μｓ，脉冲数为１时，融合率达到７７．１％。显著高于其它场强的融合率。当场强增加至２．５０ｋｖ／ｃｍ时，多数重组胚发生溶解。融合液中的离子成份对重组胚的激活有重要影响。以０．３Ｍ甘露醇为融合液时，电激三次的激活率（５０％）显著高于一次（３６％）和二次（２２．２％Ｐ＜０．０５）。当加入１００μｎＣａ２＋时，电激三次后的激活率达到７１．４％，显著高于电激一次（４８％，Ｐ＜０．０１）和二次（６１．３％，Ｐ＜０．０５）。多次电激还可提高重组胚的发育率，当有Ｃａ２＋存在时，三次电激后的囊胚发育率为３１．４％。此外，随着卵母细胞卵龄的增加，重组胚的囊胚发育率下降，而融合胚的碎裂率则增高。当卵龄为ＨＣＧ后２１—２４小时，碎裂率高达５２％。对８－，１６－，３２－细胞期卵裂球的重组胚体外发育能力的研究表明，８－细胞期卵裂球的重组胚之囊胚发育率显著高于１６－及３２－细胞期卵裂的重组胚（３６．４％比２６％、２７．５％，Ｐ＜０．０５）。将部分３２－细胞期卵裂球的重组胚移入受体后，产出了３只核移植     

牛性机能发育阶段与卵泡、黄体因素对卵母细胞

利用屠宰母牛卵巢,对来自不同性机能发育阶段母牛的卵巢卵母细胞、不同状态卵巢卵泡的卵母细胞的体外成熟（ＩＶＭ）、体外受精（ＩＶＦ）进行了系列研究。结果表明,来自初情期、性成熟母牛卵巢的卵母细胞受精后的卵裂率（７４．７％和８１．５％）、囊胚率（２３．０％和２６．８％）显著高于来自初情期前母牛卵巢卵母细胞的卵裂率（１８．８％）和囊胚率（１．８％）Ｐ〈０．０５;有黄体卵巢的卵母细胞体外受精后的发育能力显著     

在生产条件下牛冷冻胚胎直接移植的效果

以１８Ｍ乙二醇或１６Ｍ丙二醇作抗冻剂冷冻牛胚胎,解冻后在Ｍ－ＰＢＳ中一步脱除抗冻剂体外培养或不脱除抗冻剂直接移植给受体母牛。结果表明用１８Ｍ乙二醇直接移植法的体外培养存活率和移植妊娠率均显著高于１６Ｍ丙二醇组,分别为８４８％比６５５％和４８５％比４００％（Ｐ＜００５）,但与对照组（１４Ｍ甘油常规法）之间无显著差异,分别为８４８％比８６７％和４８５％比５００％（Ｐ＞００５）。     

生物频谱对家兔胚胎发育影响的初步研究

本文首次研究了周林生物频谱照射对家兔胚胎体外发育的影响，初步探讨了周林生物频谱在胚胎工程中应用的可能性。周林生物频谱分别照射家兔２－细胞胚胎３、５、７、１０、１５、２０、２５分钟，结果照射１０、１５、２０、２５分钟，可使７２小时（从注射ＨＣＧ后算起，即照射后４８小时）桑椹胚发育率显著增加，照射２０和２５分钟可提高７２、８４、９６和１０８小时囊胚发育率，照射１０分钟和１５分钟可提高１０８小时囊胚发育率，照射７、１０、１５、２０和２５分钟可提高９６小时扩张囊胚发育率及１０８小时孵化囊胚发育率。周林生物频谱照射家兔１６－细胞胚胎２０分钟，其６０小时（从注射ＨＣＧ后起，即照射后１２小时）致密桑椹胚发育率与对照比较差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），囊胚、扩张囊胚和孵化囊胚发育率与对照比较无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）     

牛胚胎原代和继代细胞核移植结果比较

比较了原代和继代核移植的操作各环节以及核移植胚胎在体外发育能力上的差异。通过显微操作将体外受精发育而来的８～３２细胞期胚胎的单个卵裂球注入激活的去核卵母细胞的卵周隙内,并用８０Ｖ/mm、４０us２次电脉冲诱导卵裂球与去核卵母细胞融合,借此进行牛胚胎的原代核移 体外发育来的８～３２细胞期的原代核移植胚胎作为供体,用原代核移植相同的方法进行牛胚胎的继代移植。原代核移植的存活率和融合率（８７．３％和６８．５     

影响猪ICSI转基因技术效率的主要因素研究

以猪体外成熟卵子和冷冻解冻的死精子为材料,以pEGFP-N1为模式基因,探讨注射台温度、激活后6-DMAP的处理和精子与PEGFP-N1孵育液添加BSA(牛血清白蛋白)对精子胞质内注射(ICSI)转基因效率的影响。结果表明:注射台温度为30℃时的阳性率为40.07%,而38.5℃时为20.97%,差异极显著(P<0.01)。添加BSA的囊胚转基因率为55.56%,对照组为33.33%,差异极显著(P<0.01)。6-DMAP处理组与对照组的转基因率分别为52.53%和26.25%,差异极显著(P<0.01);而且6-DMAP处理组的囊胚率(9.96%)显著高于(P<0.05)对照组(2.30%)。研究表明注射台温度对转基因效率有明显影响,温度高转基因率低;精子与PEGFP-N1孵育液添加BSA对转基因胚胎发育有一定促进和保护作用,有利于提高囊胚转基因率;激活后用6-DMAP处理能提高转基因率和囊胚率。     

小鼠2-细胞胚胎细管法和OPS法玻璃化冷冻保存技术的研究

本试验在室温 (2 0℃和 2 5℃ )条件下 ,利用不同浓度的玻璃化溶液 (EFS和EDFS) ,对小鼠 2 细胞胚胎进行细管法和OPS法玻璃化冷冻保存。在 2 0℃室温条件下 ,用EFS4 0平衡 1min细管一步法冷冻 ,解冻后囊胚发育率仅为35 .0 % ,和新鲜 2 细胞体外培养的对照组 (6 5 .0 % )的差异极显著 (P <0 .0 1)。当 2 细胞胚胎在 10 %EG +10 %D溶液中预处理 5min ,再移入EDFS中平衡 30s二步法冷冻保存 ,解冻后囊胚发育率达 4 7.8%～ 4 8.8% ;当室温升至2 5℃时 ,二步法冷冻保存后 2 细胞的囊胚发育率达到 5 2 .2 % ,与对照组无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。改用OPS二步法EFS30冷冻组保存后的 2 细胞胚胎的囊胚发育率高达 6 2 .2 % ,为试验中的最佳组。用最佳细管法和OPS法冷冻组解冻后培养至囊胚移植给受体母鼠均获得产仔     

Effect of Psammaplin A on in vitro Development of Bovine Aging Oocytes

To investigate the effect of histone deacetylation inhibitor Psammaplin A (PsA) on the development of bovine aging oocytes in vitro,oocytes were randomly divided into control group,aging group and 50 mmol/L PsA treated aging group (PsA group).Immunofluorescence staining and JC-1 were used to detect the blastocyst rate of bovine oocytes after parthenogenetic activation,the number of cells in blastocysts,apoptosis,reactive oxygen species (ROS),glutathione (GSH) and mitochondrial membrane potential intensity of embryos.The results showed that the blastocyst rate of the aging group was significantly lower than that of PsA and control groups (P<0.05).The blastocyst rate of PsA group was not significantly different from that of control group (P>0.05).The number of cells in the blastocysts of control group and PsA group were significantly higher than that of aging group (P<0.05).The number of cells in the blastocysts of PsA group was not significantly different from that of control group (P>0.05).The apoptosis rate in aging group was significantly higher than that of control and PsA groups (P<0.05),the apoptosis rate of PsA group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05).The GSH level of MⅡ oocytes in aging group was significantly lower than that of control and PsA groups (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in GSH level between control and PsA groups (P>0.05).The ROS level of the embryos in aging group was significantly higher than that of control and PsA groups (P<0.05).The ROS level in PsA group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05).The mitochondrial membrane potential of early embryos of aging group 4-8 cells was significantly lower than that of control and PsA groups (P<0.05).The mitochondrial membrane potential intensity of control group was significantly higher than that of PsA group (P<0.05).In summary,PsA could effectively delay the aging of bovine oocytes and improve the quality of oocytes.     

不同添加剂及贮藏温度对发酵全混合日粮品质和真菌数量的影响

本试验旨在探究添加剂及贮藏温度对发酵全混合日粮（Fermented Total Mixed Rations,FTMR）的影响,为FTMR在生产实践中的应用提供科学依据。试验设置了布氏乳杆菌（Lactobacillus buchneri,LB）、没食子酸（Gallic acid,GA）、果胶酶（Pectinase,PE）,共3个添加剂和对照组（CK）,4个不同的贮藏温度（10℃、20℃、30℃和40℃）,发酵7 d后取样。结果表明,随着贮藏温度的升高,各处理的pH值均显著降低,CK、LB和GA处理组的pH值于30℃达到最低,PE处理组于40℃达到最低（P<0.05）;随着贮藏温度的升高,各处理组中乙酸和丙酸的含量均显著升高（P<0.05）,其中乙酸的含量于30℃时达到最高,丙酸的含量于40℃时达到最高;添加PE后,FTMR的pH值在10℃、30℃和40℃下均显著低于其他处理组（P<0.05）。综上,贮藏温度为30℃和40℃时FTMR的发酵品质较好,当贮藏温度为10℃、30℃和40℃时添加果胶酶可以提高FTMR的发酵品质。     

Effect of supplemented sericin on the development,cell number,cryosurvival and number of lipid droplets in cultured bovine embryos

Sericin was investigated as an alternative to fetal bovine serum (FBS) for bovine embryo culture. In vitro matured oocytes were developed using 0.05%, 0.1% or 0.15% sericin. The developmental rate, cryosurvival rate and blastulation time of these embryos were compared with those of embryos developed using 5% FBS. The number of lipid droplets was compared among the blastocysts developed using 5% FBS, using 0.05% sericin and in vivo. The rate of cleavage and blastocyst formation was similar among all groups. Blastulation occurred significantly earlier in the embryos developed using 5% FBS than in those developed using sericin at any concentration (P < 0.05). At 72 h after thawing, the cryosurvival rate of the blastocysts developed using 5% FBS and 0.05% sericin were significantly higher compared with those developed using 0.1% and 0.15% sericin (P < 0.05). The blastocysts developed using 0.05% sericin and in vivo produced a significantly fewer number of medium and large lipid droplets than those developed using 5% FBS. These results suggest that the blastocysts developed using 0.05% sericin show characteristics similar to those of the blastocysts developed in vivo and that the use of sericin as an alternative to FBS is feasible.     

Maternal chitosan oligosaccharide intervention optimizes the production performance and health status of gilts and their offspring

Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) are the hydrolyzed product of chitosan and have multifunctional health benefits. The objective of this study was to elucidate the effect of COS as a dietary supplement to gilts on their productivity and health and that of their litters. Gilts were randomly assigned to either a treatment (n = 30) or control group (n = 30). The treatment gilts were fed a standard dry sow ration supplemented with COS at 0.12 and 0.24 g/gilt per d during gestation and lactation, respectively, and the control group was fed the standard dry sow ration only. The body weight, reproductive performance, milk production and litter size for each gilt and body weight of corresponding litters were recorded. The serum immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM) and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) concentrations of gilts and piglets and fecal sIgA concertation of gilts were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our study showed that maternal COS supplementation 1) significantly increased gilt body weight in late pregnancy (P < 0.05), 2) significantly increased milk production of gilts at different stages (d 1, 3, 7 and 19) of lactation (P < 0.05), 3) significantly increased body weight gain of piglets at weaning (P < 0.05), 4) significantly increased the serum concentrations of IgM and sIgA in piglets, and sIgA in fecal sample of gilts (P < 0.05), and 5) tended to increase the pregnancy success rate (P > 0.05) in the treatment group compared to the control group. These results suggest that maternal COS intervention in gilts can improve gilt milk production, piglet pre-weaning growth and immunity parameters in both gilts and piglets.     

不同温度下添加乳酸菌对油莎草青贮品质及体外干物质消失率的影响

为研究不同乳酸菌添加剂及贮藏温度对油莎草青贮品质及体外干物质消失率的影响,试验采用双因素完全随机设计,将采集的油莎草原料分为3组,分别进行副干酪乳杆菌(AC组)和植物乳杆菌添加(LP组)及无添加处理(对照组),每组设10个重复。将以上处理的样品200 g装入食品级聚乙烯袋中进行真空密封,各取5袋分别置于常温(20±2)℃和低温4℃贮藏35 d。结果表明:1)常温处理下,LP组油莎草青贮有机物含量,AC组和LP组粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量,乳酸菌数量及体外产气量,干物质消失率,丙酸含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);AC组和LP组油莎草青贮pH,氨态氮/总氮,酵母菌、好氧菌数量及体外pH,乙酸含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。2)低温处理下,AC组和LP组油莎草青贮乳酸含量,乳酸菌、芽孢杆菌数量,粗蛋白质含量及体外产气量,干物质消失率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);AC组和LP组油莎草青贮酵母菌、好氧菌数量及体外氨态氮含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。3)乳酸菌添加和温度处理在油莎草青贮pH,乳酸菌、酵母菌、好氧菌及芽孢杆菌数量,有机物、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量,氨态氮/总氮及体外发酵产气量,干物质消失率,乳酸、乙酸和丙酸含量方面表现出极显著的交互作用(P<0.01)。本试验条件下,2种乳酸菌添加均能有效改善油莎草青贮品质,提高营养价值,添加植物乳杆菌可以改善低温环境下油莎草的青贮品质。