关于县级植保工作新思路的探索

改革开放二十年来，我国农业发生了翻天覆地的变化。特别是近十年来，随着我国种植业结构的调整，耕作制度的改革，农田环境的变化，作物栽培方式以及栽培设施技术的进步，导致植物病虫害的发生与防治出现了许多新问题。寿光市于２０世纪８０年代末开始实施农业产业化，现在的种植格局是粮经比例达到４：６，粮棉菜果各业协调发展，农村经济繁荣昌盛。特别是自１９８９年以来，大力发展保护地蔬菜反季节栽培，其规模、产量、效益在全国名列前茅。由于保护地蔬菜栽培的特殊环境，给蔬菜病虫害的发生、发展提供了良好的条件，使蔬菜病虫害的发…     

推广绿色植保技术是新世纪植保发展的方向

绿色植保技术，是指对农业环境和农产品质量无污染的生物灾害监测控制技术，即环保型的植保技术。推广绿色植保技术，在预防和治理农业生物灾害的同时确保农产品和农业环境不受污染，确保农民经济效益的提高，是传统的数量型自足农业向质量效益型市场农业转变后对植保防灾减灾工作提出的更迫切、更严格的要求，也是新形势下植保科技进步与创新的主攻方向。从河北省农业病虫灾害的发生状况、农民的防治效益和消费者对农产品质量要求看，推行绿色植保势在必行。１推进绿色植保是新世纪植保技术创新与推广的必然趋势１．１推行绿色植保是植保防…     

关于新世纪四川植保工作的思考

2001年是新世纪的起始年,也是"十五"计划的第一年,随着我国西部大开发战略的全面实施和加入 WTO步伐的加快,四川农业面临新的发展机遇,植保工作必须适应社会主义市场经济和农业发展新阶段的要求,正确把握形势,切实转变观念,抓住机遇,迎接挑战。 1回顾 　　改革开放以来,特别是近 10 a,本省植保部门锐意改革,从开方卖药,科技承包,统防统治到综合防治,无论是在农业抗灾夺丰收,保证农业持续稳定增长,还是在发展壮大植保队伍,拓宽植保服务领域,提高防治技术水平上,都做出了巨大贡献。 1.1病虫测报网络基本形成一是建立了以…     

环境保护和植物保护

１保护环境是人类生存和发展的需要地球是人类赖以生息的唯一场所,人类的生存与发展,全靠从地球生物圈这个环境中开发生活和生产资料。２０世纪中叶以来,由于工业三废、噪音等污染带来了全球性环境恶化,有的地方发生大量人畜中毒事件,人们开始认识到环境保护的重要。...     

云南植保植检工作面临的新形势和发展对策

可持续农业是 21世纪农业发展的一大主题。随着中国加入世贸组织 (WTO，下称 )步伐的加快和西部大开发的进行， 21世纪云南的植保植检工作面临着绿色经济强省的建设和农业产业结构的战略性大调整带来的机遇和挑战。为此笔者就新世纪云南植保植检工作面临的新形势和发展对策，谈点个人看法，与同行商榷。1面临的形势1.1可持续农业的发展、农业结构的调整使得植保植检工作的地位和作用日益突出，给植保植检工作尤其是病虫防治工作提供了一个更大的发展空间 随着农业结构的战略性调整，优质、高产、高效农业的迅速发展，将可能出现以下情况：…     

加快改革创新迎接世纪挑战

随着新世纪的来临和中国加入ＷＴＯ进程的加快，植物保护工作也将迎来崭新的时代，它既将面临难得的机遇，又将面临严峻的挑战。机遇主要有：一是当今科学技术的迅猛发展，特别是生物技术和信息技术的发展，为植保科技进步、植保科技创新提供了技术依托和技术手段支持。二是植物保护国际公约的签定和国家有关植保、环保和农药管理方面的法规规章及相关政策的颁布，为植物保护工作提供了有力的政策保障。三是全国“植物保护工程”的启动和植保体系的健全完善，为植物保护工作提供了强大的经济支柱。四是质量效益型农业和入世后出口外向型农业…     

Research on Plant Protection in Indonesia

Abstract

A protocol for biological control of weeds is described. It consists of preintroductory studies on the distribution and ecology of the weed, the discovery of organisms adapted to it, the estimation of their effectiveness, the selection of the most damaging strain and the examination of their safety as biological control agents and post-introductory studies to obtain establishment of non-infected stocks and to observe their effect on the weed populations.

Recent biological control studies on weeds are shown to support the proposals and the biological basis underlying the proposals is discussed. It is shown that where these have been ignored biological control has not been successful whereas when the protocol has been fully applied the weed has been successfully controlled.     

实施植保创新工程促进服务体系建设

临汾市植保社会化服务体系建设，自１９９８年以来，坚持改革创新，以促进农村经济发展，服务产业结构调整为己任，不断探索市场农业形势下植保社会化服务的新路子，初步建立健全了一支由村、镇（乡）、县三级组成的具有较高素质和较高效率的植保社会化服务体系，强化了科技服务工作，促进了当地的经济发展，实现了农作物病虫防治效果、经济效益和社会效益的同步提高，显示出旺盛的生命活力。１组织创新在计划经济体制下，植保技术的推广主要依靠市、县、乡农业技术推广机构，人员组成比较单一，力量薄弱，效率较低。面对新形势，植保工作急…     

专家系统在植保上的应用

专家系统在植保上主要应用于病虫害诊断、预测预报、决策管理等领域。植保专家的特点是应用范围广、实用性增强、新技术和新方法不断应用、有向综合性系统发展的趋势。文中还对植保专家系统存在的问题和发展对策进行了讨论。     

The Plant Protection Service in the Netherlands

A survey is given of the history, the tasks and the organization of the Plant Protection Service in the Netherlands. Its activities encompass two major fields, concerning phytosanitary and phytopharmaceutical aspects. In the phytosanitary field, a distinction can be made between long-term and short-term phytosanitary policy, depending on whether one has to deal with existing and established pests or diseases, or with a suddenly arising plant health problem. Two examples are given as illustrations, viz. the approach followed in designing new regulations for controlling potato root eelworm, and the campaign against the recent outbreak of fireblight. A further outline is given on the activities of the Plant Protection Service in the pesticides field, on the responsibilities of the different Ministries concerned, and on the basic elements of pesticides legislation. The restrictions imposed on the use of persistent organochlorine insecticides and organomercury fungicides are summarized. Finally, it is emphasized that the problems of plant protection are becoming increasingly complex as a result of a developing antagonism between phytosanitary and phytopharmaceutical requirements, and of a potential antagonism between these two on the one hand and environmental demands on the other. This situation calls for an integrated approach in plant protection matters, and for an intensified international collaboration.     

植保无人机为何在我国得到迅猛发展

从2008年科技部国家“863”计划项目“水田超低空低量施药技术研究与装备创制”实施到目前短短十多年时间,我国植保无人机取得了举世瞩目的成就,其中的原因是值得我们探究,本文就植保无人机在我国得到迅猛发展的原因进行简要分析,以期助力具有中国特色的农业现代化建设。     

Plant Protection and Production in Modern Society1

Many currently existing agricultural production techniques have been developed in total reliance on effective chemical pest control. Today, however, it is becoming clear that chemical pest control has a number of limitations, and its ever increasing costs may well make it a limiting factor in agricultural production. This has already occurred in a number of cotton growing areas. The need for increased world food production will require improved pest control methods. If no special precautions are taken, we will undoubtedly end up in many other crops with a situation similar to that of cotton. In view of the reduced availability of new pesticides, those currently available should be used in the optimal way. At the present time, the integrated pest control approach is the best means of accomplishing this. The introduction of such programs will require official support through legislation or technical assistance. In the future, various new developments in pest control are to be expected. Greater reliance will be placed on the use of computer science. Further effort will be needed in areas such as crop loss assessment, stored product pests, technical assistance to farmers and pesticide selectivity. Closer international collaboration on plant quarantine matters and pesticide registration are essential for the future of pest control.     

Plant Protection in India: Problems and Prospects

Abstract

Agricultural productivity in India has hardly increased in the past 25 years. Inefficient plant protection services are held responsible to some extent by the author. Suggestions for improvements in surveillance and diagnosis and emphasis on cultural control and safe storage are made with an example from the Saharanpur District.     

Plant Protection with and without Risks

Conventional plant protection procedures and integrated control are being compared in the light of their profitability. Control measures must be based on the density of pest populations. The fluctuations concerned can be usefully reproduced by means of a mathematic pendulum oscillating over a logarithmical scale of the densities. The model shows that better crop yields can be obtained through a reduced application of chemicals. Moreover, the expenditure incurred in integrated control is less and risks of failure are also lower.     

新时期植保工作特点及创办植保协会的探讨

经过２０ ａ的改革和发展，我国农业和农村经济进入了一个新的发展阶段。植物保护工作作为农业生产的重要组成部分，也必须顺应改革和发展的新形势，正确认识和把握农业发展新阶段植保工作的特点，理清工作思路，调整工作重点，推动植保社会化服务，促进防灾减灾整体水平的提高。１正确认识农业发展新阶段植保工作的特点 近几年，农业连年丰收，农产品市场供应丰富，过去长期困扰我们的农产品短缺问题基本得到解决。但农业经济结构还不甚合理，农产品总体质量不高，效益偏低，区域结构雷同，农产品销售不畅，积压严重，以致于造成农业比较效…     

湖北省植物保护信息化发展构想

湖北植保信息系统的建设,对提高全省植保信息覆盖率,加快植保信息和病虫数据传递,提高植保工作的影响力和植保系统的社会地位起到了重要作用.进一步建设湖北植保信息系统,发展gis系统、自动化处理、可视化发布、信息咨询服务、防控指挥、网络管理是适应绿色植保公共植保工作有效手段.     

Plant Protection and the South Pacific Commission

Abstract

Field tests carried out in Ghana in cocoa using live capsids suspended in cages at various heights and distances from the nozzle of a Porta-Pak mistblower manufactured by H. D. Hudson Mfg. Co., USA and designed specifically for u.l.v. application are described.     

全国植保工程通过论证

20 0 0年 5月 1 6～ 1 9日 ,受国家计委委托 ,中国国际工程咨询公司在京召开了《全国植物保护工程建设规划》专家组评估会。这个“规划”是农业部为建立起适应现代化农业要求的全国植物保护防灾减灾体系 ,提出的 2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 5年全国植物保护基础设施建设规划。它是在 1 998年 ,全国农业技术推广服务中心邀请国内著名昆虫学家、植物病理学家和生态学家对“规划”进行初步论证的基础上 ,经过了 2ａ初步实施 ,最近 ,针对我国农业生产发展过程中出现的新情况、新形势 ,进一步完善、充实的一个更科学的建设方案。专家一致认为 ,该“规划”思…     

The First Caribbean Plant Protection Symposium 1974

Abstract

A graticule for the determination of spray droplet size is described.     

Organization of Plant Protection in Norway and Research Orientation1

Research in the various crop protection disciplines is carried out at the Central Norwegian Plant Protection Institute near Oslo: it includes studies on pesticide efficacy, problems of uptake, breakdown and residues. This agency is further in charge of the extension of practical knowledge and has a supervising capacity for the Plant Inspection Service. Some of the various problems which are of major concern for Norway are reviewed and ways for a proper integration of chemical and alternative methods studied.