姬松茸菌丝体深层培养条件的研究

探讨了姬松茸最适的液体发酵培养基和培养的条件,结果表明:最适培养基为:葡萄糖3%,小麦粉1%,花生饼1.5%,(NH4)2SO40.3%,磷酸二氢钾0.2%,MgSO4·7H2O0.1%和VB110mg/L;适宜温度为25℃,摇瓶装液量为140～500ml,接种量10%～15%,起始pH为5～6,摇瓶转速为190r/min,菌龄为3d。这种培养基中二级摇瓶4天后生物量达1.945g/100mL。     

巴西虫草液体培养条件的优化

以菌丝体生物量为指标,采用正交实验设计方法对巴西虫草液体培养的摇瓶生长条件进行了优化研究。结果表明:优化培养基的组成为可溶性淀粉2%、蛋白胨1%、大豆粉1%、KH2PO40.1%、MgSO4.7H2O 0.15%、VB10.01%、FeSO4.7H2O 0.002%、CaC l20.1%。该培养基下的菌丝体生物量为19.11g.L-1,比原培养基的发酵得率提高了26.01%;对巴西虫草液体培养的外部条件进行优化,确定摇瓶培养条件为:培养基初始pH 6.5、装液量75mL/250mL、接种量7.5%、菌龄4d、发酵时间4d。研究了优化后培养条件的菌体生长代谢曲线,并得到了巴西虫草的液体培养条件和生长动力学曲线,为工业化生产提供了一定的理论依据。     

鸡腿蘑液体菌种培养及应用研究

研究结果表明,培养鸡腿蘑液体菌种的适宜培养基配方为蔗糖2%,玉米粉3%,麦麸4%,酵母粉0.5%,KH2PO4 0.25%,MgSO4*7H2O 0.1%,pH6.2;最适培养条件是250mL三角瓶装液量60mL,接种量5%,摇床转速120r/min,培养6d.利用液体菌种扩繁固体生产种,可以明显缩短菌种生产周期.     

白灵侧耳深层培养及栽培应用试验

在试验不同碳源、氮源对白灵侧耳液体发酵的影响基础上,对发酵培养基进行优化,发现当培养基的组成为玉米粉1 % ,豆饼粉0 .5 % ,蛋白胨0 .5 % ,葡萄糖2 % ,酵母膏0 .2 % ,KH2 PO4 0 .1 % ,MgSO4 ·7H2 O 0 .1 % ,在2 4℃、1 80r/min的条件下培养4d ,菌丝体鲜重可高达451g/L。用于液体菌种的最佳种龄为88h ,且出菇正常,发菌期缩短1 / 3。     

美味牛肝菌多糖发酵工艺的研究

本文对美味牛肝菌(Boletus edulis)液体发酵生产粗多糖的培养基和发酵条件进行了筛选.在实验范围内,美味牛肝菌发酵生产粗多糖的最适培养基配方为:马铃薯10.0%,蔗糖2.0%,蛋白胨0.6%,KH2PO40.3%,MgSO4·7H2O 0.2%,CaCO3 0.2%,ZnSO4·7H2O 0.1%.在初始pH 5.0～5.4,振荡转速120 r/min,培养温度25～28℃,250 mL三角瓶中装液量40%,加10颗玻璃珠,发酵时间5 d时摇瓶培养粗多糖产量最高,达3.161 g/L.经10 L机械搅拌发酵罐放大动态实验,研究pH值、溶氧、菌丝生物量(湿重)以及粗多糖产量的变化,可知最适发酵时间为96 h.     

杨树菇液体发酵工艺研究

以菌丝体生物量为测定指标,筛选出杨树菇液体培养的最适氮源为蚕蛹粉,最适碳源为可溶性淀粉;确定了杨树菇最佳液体培养基配方为蚕蛹粉4%,可溶性淀粉3%,KH2PO40.1%,MgSO4·7H2O 0.3%;适宜装液量32%,起始pH 7.0,接种量15%,液体发酵周期7d.     

热带小奥德蘑深层发酵工艺研究

通过对热带小奥德蘑深层发酵培养基碳源、氮源和无机盐的筛选 ,利用正交试验得到了优化发酵培养基配方 ,在此基础上对发酵条件进行了探索。试验结果表明 ,热带小奥德蘑的适宜发酵培养基为 :葡萄糖 3%,蛋白胨 0 .4 %,KH2 PO40 .1%,MgSO4·7H2 O 0 .2 %,VB10 .0 1%。其适宜发酵温度为 2 8℃ ,起始pH5 .0～ 6.0 ,摇瓶装量 60mL 2 5 0mL ,接种量 10 %。     

铆钉菇菌丝体液体培养产胞外多糖条件的研究

对铆钉菇菌丝体液体培养产胞外多糖的条件进行了研究;结果表明：铆钉菇的菌丝体深层发酵产胞外多糖的适宜培养基组成为：蔗糖20g/L,豆饼粉3g/L,K2HPO4 1．5g/L,KH2PO4 0．8g/L,MnSO4 0．01g/L;适宜温度28℃。pH7．0,装液量250mL三角瓶150mL,接种量15％。铆钉菇菌丝体液体培养7d,胞外多糖产量为4．54g/L,比初始产胞外多糖1．28g／L,提高了2．55倍。     

香菇菌种液体发酵培养基及其富铁条件优化研究

以香菇母种菌丝为材料,采用液体培养基摇瓶培养,对培养基中碳源、无机盐配比、氮源进行了优化,并探讨了硫酸亚铁(FeSO4·7H2O)在富铁培养基中的最适添加量,以及黄豆粉在富铁培养基中的最佳添加浓度。结果表明,香菇菌丝体液体发酵优化培养组分为:马铃薯20%,可溶性淀粉2%,酵母膏1.5%,蛋白胨0.2%,KH2PO41.0%,MgSO40.05%,最大菌丝球得率可0.932 g/100 mL。最佳硫酸亚铁标准溶液添加量为6 mL,即培养基中硫酸亚铁含量为0.336 mg/100 mL时,香菇菌丝球得率最大,可达1.274 g/100 mL,最大总富铁量可达0.1008 mg/100 mL。最佳黄豆粉添加浓度为1.5%,菌丝球最大得率可达1.4260 g/100 mL,最大总富铁量可达0.1547 mg/100 mL。     

花脸香蘑液态发酵条件研究

通过均匀设计研究了花脸香蘑（Lepista sordida）的液态发酵培养基和工艺条件,结果表明,花脸香蘑的最适生长培养基的组成是：葡萄糖17.0g·L^-1、米糠25.6g·L^-1、氯化铵0.3g·L^-1、豆饼粉0.7g·L^-1、KH2PO42.4g·L^-1、MgSO4.7H2O 0.2g·L^-1、米糠水解液0.6%（以米糠干重计）,初始pH6.0,在28℃、120r.min^-1、装量50mL/250mL的培养条件下培养7d,干重达到（26.6±3.6）g.L,为进一步开发利用这一野生珍稀食药用真菌奠定了基础。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.