青贮玉米饲喂奶牛技术

青贮玉米具有适口性好、营养丰富、易于消化,并且可长期贮存的特点,可以解决辽宁地区冬春季节青绿饲料短缺的问题,并且用青贮玉米饲喂奶牛可以显著提高奶牛的饲料利用率、降低饲料成本,并且可以改善奶牛瘤胃和机体的健康,对于提高牛奶的质量也有着积极的作用。青贮玉米的调制需要掌握一些技术要点,并且在饲喂奶牛时也要注意饲喂时间以及饲喂量,现介绍青贮玉米的饲喂技术。     

青贮甜高粱与青贮玉米秸秆饲喂奶牛对比试验

[目的]为了解青贮甜高粱的饲喂效果。[方法]本试验从产奶量和成本效益方面对青贮甜高粱饲草与青贮玉米秸秆饲喂奶牛进行了对比试验分析,[结果]表明,青贮甜高粱饲草饲喂比青贮玉米秸秆饲喂成本略高,但其产奶量高于饲喂青贮玉米秸秆,其经济效益十分明显。[结论]在奶牛实际生产中,应大力推广青贮甜高粱饲草。     

EM发酵玉米秸秆和青贮玉米秸秆对奶牛生产性能的对比试验

本试验应用EM发酵玉米秸秆和青贮玉米秸秆饲喂奶牛,以观察两种方法处理的玉米秸秆对奶牛生产性能及经济效益的影响效果。结果表明,用EM发酵的玉米秸秆饲喂奶牛较青贮玉米秸秆饲喂奶牛,每天每头奶牛采食量提高1.03%,平均产奶量提高2.02%,经济效益提高0.13元;EM原液发酵的玉米秸秆和青贮玉米秸秆1∶1混合饲喂奶牛,每天每头奶牛采食量、平均产奶量、经济效益分别比饲喂青贮玉米秸秆的奶牛提高2.85%、2.99%和1.15元。     

青贮玉米的饲喂优势和制作方法

1饲喂优势全株玉米青贮是在玉米蜡熟期,将玉米秸秆和果穗一起铡碎,装入密封窖内压实封严,厌氧发酵后而制成的青贮饲料。自20世纪90年代,黑龙江省八五四农场开始推广使用全株青贮玉米,通过近几年的饲喂观察,并与以往饲喂普酒蔫霉旺显米秸秆时的生产记录进行对比发现,用全株玉米青贮饲喂奶牛有以下好处。     

非玉米青贮在养牛业中的应用研究进展

青贮饲料是反刍动物养殖广泛应用一种饲料.不同原料制作的青贮饲料的营养价值和饲喂效果相差很大.我国养牛生产中应用的青贮饲料主要为带穗玉米全株青贮和去穗玉米青贮,而国外养牛业发达的国家除使用玉米全株青贮以外,还有大麦、燕麦等各种青贮.为了给我国青贮饲料资源的开发和应用提供借鉴,本文就非玉米全株青贮的种类、主要产区、饲喂效果...     

规模化羊场混合饲喂对羔羊育肥效果的影响

文章通过采用玉米青贮、花生蔓和全价精料混合饲喂与传统饲喂方法对羔羊育肥效果的影响进行对比试验研究。试验结果表明：玉米青贮、花生蔓和全价精料混合饲喂与采取传统饲喂方法相比育肥羔羊采食率、增重差异都极显著（P〈0．01）。说明采取玉米青贮、花生蔓和全价精料混合饲喂对提高规模化羊场羔羊育肥效果比较明显。     

不同青贮饲料饲喂奶牛的效果比较试验

带穗玉米秸秆青贮不但提高青贮料的能量,而且增加了适口性,利用全株玉米青贮饲喂肉牛增重和经济效益高于去穗玉米秸秆青贮,用其饲喂奶牛后,经济效益得到显著提高.为了尽快推广玉米秸秆带穗青贮,我们做了玉米秸秆带穗青贮与不带穗青贮饲喂奶牛对比试验.     

宁夏固原地区苜蓿青贮对肉牛育肥效果的研究

为了分析宁夏固原地区饲喂苜蓿青贮对育肥肉牛增重效果及养殖经济效益的影响,笔者采用完全随机单位组设计方法,将18头体重、年龄接近的西门塔尔杂交育肥牛根据饲喂粗饲料情况随机分为3组:苜蓿干草组、苜蓿青贮组、苜蓿青贮+玉米青贮组,饲养管理条件一致,饲喂90 d。结果显示:(1)头均累计增重和头均日增重,苜蓿青贮组、苜蓿青贮+玉米青贮组极显著高于苜蓿干草组(P<0.01),苜蓿青贮+玉米青贮组和苜蓿青贮组之间差异不显著(P>0.05),但苜蓿青贮+玉米青贮组的增重效果要高于苜蓿青贮组;(2)在精饲料一致的条件下,只考虑粗饲料和增重效益,苜蓿青贮+玉米青贮组比苜蓿干草组多盈利655.46元,苜蓿青贮比苜蓿干草组多盈利663.84元。研究表明:用苜蓿青贮饲喂育肥肉牛,增重和养殖经济效益都比苜蓿干草好,苜蓿青贮和玉米青贮混合饲喂有利于提高饲料的利用率。     

饲用型甜高粱肉羊饲用效价研究

将饲用型甜高粱青贮饲喂肉羊,同时以玉米秸秆青贮饲喂肉羊作对照。饲用效价试验研究表明,饲用型甜高粱青贮饲喂肉羊比玉米秸秆青贮饲喂肉羊日增重增加29.28%,日增收增加29.27%,日净收增加39.93%。饲用型甜高粱青贮饲喂肉羊饲用效价优于玉米秸秆青贮。     

规模化羊场混合饲喂对羔羊育肥效果的影响

文章通过采用玉米青贮、花生蔓和全价精料混合饲喂与传统饲喂方法对羔羊育肥效果的影响进行对比试验研究。试验结果表明:玉米青贮、花生蔓和全价精料混合饲喂与采取传统饲喂方法相比育肥羔羊采食率、增重差异都极显著(P0.01)。说明采取玉米青贮、花生蔓和全价精料混合饲喂对提高规模化羊场羔羊育肥效果比较明显。     

巨菌草青贮饲料饲喂肉牛的研究

为了开发巨菌草作为肉牛的饲料资源，并探索巨菌草对肉牛的增重效果，应用玉米秸秆青贮、带穗玉米青贮和巨菌草青贮对夏秦杂交牛进行饲喂试验。结果表明，与对照组（玉米秸秆青贮）相比，试验组Ⅰ（带穗玉米青贮）和试验组Ⅱ（巨菌草青贮）平均头均日增重提高率分别为35.3%、17.6%；试验组Ⅰ比试验组Ⅱ青贮效果更好。综上提示，巨菌草可以作为陕北地区冬季饲料资源推广应用。     

青贮玉米饲料在家畜养殖中的应用

青贮玉米具有适口性好、营养丰富、可长期保存等特点,被用作牛、羊等草食牲畜的青粗饲料。青贮玉米饲料的推广,既解决了牛、羊等食草家畜春冬季青饲料不足的问题,又可作为解决玉米秸秆处理不当造成环境问题的重要手段。主要就青贮玉米饲料概述、在草食牲畜饲养中的应用及青贮玉米的发展前景作一综述,以供大家参考。     

Effects of Roughage Type and Restricted Feed Intake on Digestibility and Finishing Cattle Performance

Two-hundred sixty-four English-type crossbred cattle (mean initial BW 282 ± 6 kg) were used in a completely randomized design to evaluate the effects of restricted feeding and roughage source in finishing beef cattle diets. Treatments consisted of diets with 7.5% corn silage (DM basis), fed either ad libitum or restricted, and 7.5% (DM basis) corn stalks or millet hay fed ad libitum. Total DM intake was reduced by 4, 11, and 9% by restricting corn silage, corn stalks, and millet hay treatments, respectively. Average daily gain was not affected (P>0.05) by treatment, whereas feed efficiency was improved (P<0.05) for all treatments compared with corn silage diets fed ad libitum. Total feed cost of gain was highest (P<0.05) for the corn silage treatment fed ad libitum. Hot carcass weight, quality grade, and yield grade were not affected by treatment, and cattle fed restricted corn silage had a lower (P<0.05) dressing percentage. Fecal analysis of Cr concentrations indicated no difference (P>0.05) in OM, DM, or N digestibilities. However, restricted corn silage-fed cattle and cattle fed millet hay ad libitum tended to exhibit increased (P>0.05) OM, DM, and N digestibilities compared with the cattle fed corn silage ad libitum. The cattle fed corn stalks ad libitum tended to have decreased (P>0.05) OM, DM, and N digestibilities compared with the steers fed corn silage ad libitum. Fecal output was not different (P>0.05) between treatments. Restricted corn silage rations, corn stalk rations fed ad libitum, and millet hay rations fed ad libitum tended to decrease (P>0.05) fecal output by cattle compared with cattle fed the corn silage ration ad libitum.     

不同收获期玉米青贮干物质在奶牛瘤胃内降解率的研究

本文采用随机实验设计，利用瘤胃尼龙袋技术，测定全株玉米青贮分剐在乳熟、腊熟期收获时其干物质(DM)在奶牛瘤胃的降解率。结果表明：各期DM在奶牛瘤胃降解率依次为40．22％、53．24％。测试结果证明，在黑龙江省东部地区，腊熟期收获的全株玉米青贮对奶牛的饲用价值较高。     

皇竹草与玉米秸秆青贮料饲喂肉牛的对比试验

利用皇竹草和抽穗期玉米秸秆青贮料作为能繁母牛、育肥牛的主要青粗饲料开展对比试验。通过120 d饲喂对比试验,饲喂2种不同饲料的能繁母牛受胎率分别为70.37%和76.92%,说明皇竹草和抽穗期玉米秸秆青贮料饲养能繁母牛对其受胎率无明显影响（P〉0.05）;育肥牛的日增重分别为1294 g/d和1320 g/d,表明利用皇竹草和抽穗期玉米秸秆青贮料育肥肉牛,其生长速度无明显差异（P〉0.05）。由于皇竹草在低海拔喀斯特山区易于种植,生长期长,产量高,易于加工和青贮,是低海拔喀斯特山区解决肉牛产业发展中青粗饲料来源的有效途径,适宜大面积推广应用。     

马铃薯淀粉渣和玉米秸秆混合青贮料对肉牛瘤胃内环境及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究马铃薯淀粉渣和玉米秸秆混合青贮料对肉牛瘤胃内环境及血清生化指标的影响.选择4头平均体重(455.00±19.50)kg的健康秦川杂交肉牛,随机分配到4×4拉丁方试验设计中.4组分别为:1)对照组,40％精料+60％玉米秸秆黄贮料;2)S25组,40％精料+45％玉米秸秆黄贮料+15％马铃薯淀粉渣和玉米秸秆混合青贮料;3)S50组,40％精料+30％玉米秸秆黄贮料+30％马铃薯淀粉渣和玉米秸秆混合青贮料;4)S75组,40％精料+15％玉米秸秆黄贮料+45％马铃薯淀粉渣和玉米秸秆混合青贮料.结果表明:各组肉牛平均日增重、干物质采食量和蛋白质摄入量均差异不显著(P＞0.05).S25、S50和S75组肉牛瘤胃液氨态氮浓度均高于对照组(P＞0.05),分别提高了58.96％、36.35％、26.17％.各组乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸、总挥发性脂肪酸浓度和乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸比例及乙酸/丙酸、(乙酸+丁酸)/丙酸均无显著差异(P＞0.05).各组间血清总蛋白、尿素氮和葡萄糖含量均无显著差异(P＞0.05).由此可知,马铃薯淀粉渣和玉米秸秆混合青贮料替代部分玉米秸秆黄贮料能提高肉牛瘤胃液氨态氮浓度,对瘤胃液挥发性脂肪酸含量和血清生化指标无影响.马铃薯淀粉渣和玉米秸秆混合青贮料可以替代肉牛饲粮中75％的玉米秸秆黄贮料.     

Natural transmission routes of Neospora caninum between farm dogs and cattle

Twelve dairy herds with evidence of post-natal infection with Neospora caninum were compared with 21 control herds with no evidence of post-natal infection. On the former farms, dogs consumed placenta or licked uterine discharge in 75 and 67% of the farms, respectively, while on control farms these activities occurred in 38 and 24% of the farms, respectively. On all control farms and all but three post-natally infected farms the dogs were fed colostrum or milk. Defecation of dogs on the feeding alley was observed in 92% of the post-natally infected farms and in 24% of the control farms. The same trend was observed for defecation of dogs in grass silage, in 75% of the post-natally infected farms and in 19% of the control farms; and in corn silage, in 50% of the post-natally infected farms and in 10% of the control farms. Consumption of placenta, material of aborted foetuses or uterine discharge in combination with defecation on the feeding alley, storage of grass or corn silage was observed in 19% of the control farms and in 75% of the post-natally infected farms. This study supports the hypothesis that farm dogs may become infected by foetal fluids or placental material of infected cattle, and may subsequently cause a post-natal infection of cattle in the herd by shedding oocysts.     

青贮甜高粱和全株饲用玉米配比料饲喂西门塔尔肉牛的效果比较

[目的]饲草在肉牛养殖中发挥着重要作用,通过牛体增重对比不同饲草及其配比喂养西门塔尔肉牛效果,以确定较优的青贮甜高粱和全株饲用玉米的配比.[方法]在冬季温室养殖条件下,设计5组配比的青贮甜高粱和全株饲用玉米饲喂西门塔尔肉牛,定期称量牛体增重,并分析各试验组养殖效益.[结果]试验结果显示,青贮甜高粱和全株玉米喂养西门塔尔...     

全株玉米青贮饲料饲喂肉牛增重效果试验

试验选择10月龄左右,体重相近的西门塔尔公牛20头,随机分两组,每组10头,在精料补充水平相同的情况下,饲喂全株玉米青贮饲料和黄贮玉米青贮饲料进行对比分析,为全株玉米青贮饲料饲喂肉牛提供理论数据,并在今后同地区或相似地区的肉牛规模养殖场进行广泛推广。