卵巢囊肿奶牛外周血浆中促黄体素、孕酮、睾酮、雌二醇水平的研究

本试验采用放射免疫法测定了卵巢囊肿奶牛外周血浆中促黄体素、孕酮、雌二醇和睾酮水平。测定结果,促黄体素水平卵泡囊肿为0.84±0.25ng/ml(n=12),黄体囊肿为0.83±0.23ng/ml(n=5);孕酮水平卵泡囊肿为0.56±0.30ng/ml(n=12),黄体囊肿为2.85±0.64ng/ml(n=5);雌二醇水平卵泡囊肿为28.44±22.47pg/ml(n=12),黄体囊肿为8.14±0.88pg/ml(n=5);睾酮水平卵泡囊肿为84.67±40.40pg/ml(n=12),黄体囊肿为51.98±7.77pg/ml(n=5)。认为卵巢囊肿奶牛外周血浆中促黄体素水平低于正常期奶牛的水平;卵泡囊肿奶牛血浆中孕酮水平低于1ng/ml,黄体囊肿奶牛血浆中孕酮水平高于1ng/ml;卵泡囊肿奶牛血浆中雌二醇水平较高;卵泡囊肿奶牛公牛相与体内高水平睾酮有关。     

公猪效应对小母猪初情期诱导的作用

小母猪与公猪接触可诱发其提早进入初情期,因此在适当的管理和营养条件下,小母猪与公猪接触后可在5月龄时出现初情期。如果小母猪与生长猪一起饲喂,则只有1%在7月龄体重达到100-104千克时可达到初情期。一般来说,大多数140日龄以上的小母猪会对接触公猪出现反应而表现发情。从接触公猪到出现初情期的时间随着小母猪从160日龄增加到200日龄而缩短,但如果在160日龄之前接触公猪进行刺激,则小母猪达到初情期的日龄及体重都会增加,而且对繁殖性能没有任何改进作用。因此,应该在小母猪达到160日龄时让其接触公猪进行刺激。一般与成年公猪（8-11月龄）接触5-30分钟/日可迅速引起小母猪达到初情期。     

Epostane对公兔血清睾酮、皮质醇的影响

将不同剂量的Ｅｐｏｓｔａｎｃ静脉注射成年公兔，测定注射后１、２、３、２４小时血清睾酮、皮质醇水平的变化。结果显示注射Ｅｐｏｓｔａｎｃ后公兔血清睾酮水平增加且与剂量相关；低剂量Ｅｐｏｓｔａｎｃ显著地降低血清皮质醇水平。     

GnRH一次性主动免疫对公猪血清睾酮含量的影响

采用以促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)并列体(GnRH-tandem)为基本结构的免疫去势苗对公猪进行一次性主动免疫。结果表明免疫组的公猪睾酮浓度极显著地低于完整组;睾丸长度极显著地小于完整组;屠宰体重明显高于完整组。因此,GnRH一次性免疫有望取代传统的外科阉割,在实际养猪生产中得到推广和应用。     

公猪诱情对后备母猪初情期的影响

<正>后备母猪发情可通过许多日常管理来实现,与成熟公猪的接触来刺激,可使发情日龄提前。在诱情过程中,公猪要经常替换,避免习惯性,以保持兴趣。公猪单独饲喂,每天将公猪赶到母猪栏内诱情,进行可靠的刺激,促使小母猪早些达到初情期。笔者从2012年9月至2013年4月对黄陵基础母猪存栏数800头的某猪场进行追踪,对新引进后备母猪160日龄时与公猪接触后对发情影响的统计,总结了后备母猪与公猪接触对发情的影响。     

林麝泌香期皮质醇和睾酮水平与麝香产量关系的初步研究

为了探究泌香期雄麝皮质醇和睾酮的变化规律及其对麝香产量的影响,试验选取6头雄麝,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定雄麝泌香期粪便中的皮质醇和睾酮含量,并对其与麝香产量进行相关性分析.结果 表明:在泌香期三个阶段,皮质醇和睾酮含量都呈现先增高后降低的趋势;皮质醇、睾酮含量与麝香产量相关性不显著(P＞0.05).说明利用...     

枫泾公猪性成熟前、后外周血液睾酮含量变化初步研究

<正> 公猪外周血液中睾酮(T)含量的研究,国外Kattesh氏等(1)在研究不同发育阶段(150—250日龄)约克夏公猪外周血液中T含量及24小时T分泌模式中,认为T分泌模式在5月龄时建立。Ellendorff氏等(2)报导小型公猪性成熟时血浆T在晚上、夜间较早上低。而Brock氏(3)报导约克夏公猪性成熟时,白天和黑夜的T水平无明显差异。Liptrap等(4)指出成年公猪在与发情母猪交配时,随皮质类固醇激素升高,T水平立即升高。我国太湖猪性成熟早,产仔率高。我们以前的试验已证明,枫泾公猪3月龄就有     

日粮能量对初情期前母猪外周血清FSH、LH释放的影响

选杜长大三元杂交母猪24头(140日龄)分3个组,高能组、中能组、低能组。试验处理20 d,每5 d采血1次,离心,-20℃冰箱储存,然后放射免疫分析(RIA)。结果表明:外周血浆FSH、LH浓度在不同日粮能量水平饲养后,高能组急剧上升,到第10天达到高峰,然后逐渐下降,在处理第20天接近恢复试验前水平。低能组缓慢降低,第10天到最低点,然后逐渐恢复,在处理第20天接近恢复试验前水平。外周血浆FSH、LH浓度在高能组与低能组于处理第5天差异显著(P<0.05),第10天差异极显著(P<0.01),说明能量通过下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴影响初情期前母猪生殖机能。     

公绵羊血清催乳素、促黄体素和睾酮含量在配种季节的变化及外源催乳素对其含量的影响

对8头种公羊在整个秋季配种季节中血清催乳素含量的变化及与睾酮和促黄体素(LH)水平之间的关系进行了研究。结果表明公羊催乳素水平并不是象文献报道的在秋季配种季节开始前下降,而是在配种季节开始有一个高峰(从104ng到150ng/ml)。该峰持续一个月才开始下降。在催乳素峰同时睾酮水平也呈现峰值,而此时血清中LH则无变化。在配种季节的第一个配种期(8月,实验场地规定)和非交配期(9月)分别给公绵羊注射催乳素(1.5mg/头)。连续采血测定血清中各激素水平的结果表明在这两段时间注射催乳素2小时后血清中睾酮水平总含量和总平均值显著地高于对照组(第一个配种期时分别为:17.79±2.54对3.85±0.61,P<0.01和2.20±0.66对0.48±0.09,P<0.001;非交配期分别为4.88±1.06对1.13±0.24,P<0.05和1.22±0.31对0.28±0.04,P<0.025),而且此时睾酮水平与LH水平无关,因为此时血清中LH水平无明显变化。从上述结果看出催乳素在体内的骤然增加可以促使公绵羊血清中睾酮水平升高,而且睾酮的这种增加并不是通过催乳素促使LH分泌引起的。推测在季节性生殖的公绵羊由性活动静止到活跃的这一特殊时间内,催乳素的升高是促进睾酮分泌的一个重要因子。     

Radioimmunoassay of Bovine,Ovine and Porcine Luteinizing Hormone with a Monoclonal Antibody and a Human Tracer

Forsberg, M., R. Tagle, A. Madej, J.R. Molina and M.-A. Carlsson. Radioimmunoassay of bovine, ovine and porcine luteinizing hormone with a monoclonal antibody and a human tracer. Acta vet. scand. 1993, 255-262.– A radioimmunoassay for bovine (bLH), ovine (oLH) and porcine (pLH) luteinizing hormone was developed using a human ¹²⁵ ILH tracer from a commercial kit and a monoclonal antibody (518B7) specific for LH but with low species specificity. Standard curves demonstrated similar binding kinetics when bLH, oLH and pLH were incubated with tracer and antibody for 2 h at room temperature. A 30-min delay in the addition of the tracer gave sufficient sensitivity when analysing pLH. Separation of antibody-bound LH from free hormone was achieved by using second antibody-coated micro Sepharose beads. The assay was validated and the performance compared with that of an RIA currently in use for determination of bLH and oLH (coefficient of correlation: 0.99 and 0.98). Regardless of the standards used, intra-assay coefficients of variation were <10% for LH concentrations exceeding 1 µg/L. The inter-assay coefficients of variation were <15%. The assay was used for clinical evaluation demonstrating the pre-ovulatory LH surge in two cyclic cows, LH pulsatility in an oophorectomized ewe and LH response to GnRH injection in a boar.     

Prolactin and Gonadotropin Responses in Geldings to Injections of Estradiol Benzoate in Oil, Estradiol Benzoate in Biodegradable Microspheres, and Estradiol Cypionate

We previously reported success in inducing early ovulation in seasonally anovulatory mares with a combination of estradiol pretreatment followed by daily administration of a dopamine antagonist (sulpiride). Although every-other-day injections of estradiol benzoate (EB) were effective in that experiment, practical application of this technology would require simplification of the treatment regimen. The current experiment was designed to compare, in a gelding model, the biologic responses of two alternative, one-injection regimens for estradiol delivery to the established EB treatment used previously. Fifteen long-term geldings were sampled via jugular venipuncture from November 5 to 7, 2006, and were then administered intramuscular injections of vegetable oil (n = 4); EB, 11 mg in oil (n = 4; controls); EB in biodegradable microspheres (300 mg; n = 3); or estradiol cypionate, 100 mg in oil (n = 4). Injections of EB in oil were repeated every other day for a total of 10 injections, as was done in our previous experiment. Jugular blood samples were drawn from all geldings at 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours relative to injections, and then on the mornings of days 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 to 18, 22, 26, and 30. On days 10 through 13, all geldings received subcutaneous injections of 125 mg sulpiride, a dopamine receptor antagonist, to stimulate prolactin secretion. On day 12, each gelding received an intravenous injection of 30 μg gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog and 3 mg thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH); frequent blood samples were drawn to characterize the luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and prolactin responses. Relative to geldings receiving oil, all geldings receiving estradiol injections had a rise (P < .05) in estradiol concentrations lasting at least 12 days. Daily LH concentrations increased (P < 0.01) in all treated groups, but the response was delayed approximately 14 days in the geldings receiving EB in microspheres. Daily FSH concentrations decreased (P < .01) in all treated groups, with the greatest response in the geldings receiving EB in microspheres. Prolactin in daily samples increased (P < .01) similarly in all estradiol-treated groups after injection of sulpiride. The LH response to GnRH analog was greatest (P < .05) in geldings receiving EB in oil and estradiol cypionate; the FSH response was not altered by treatment. The prolactin response to TRH was greater (P < .01) in estradiol-treated geldings relative to controls, but did not differ among groups. Compared with the responses to every-other-day EB injections in oil, as we used previously, a single injection of 100 mg estradiol cypionate gave the most similar and consistent responses. Because of these similar responses in this gelding model, it is likely that a single injection of 100 mg estradiol cypionate can be used in lieu of every-other-day injections of EB in oil in the treatment regimen we reported previously for stimulating ovarian activity in seasonally anovulatory mares.     

黑猩猩月经周期与尿液促黄体生成素的监测

月经周期与尿液促黄体生成素（LH）的监测是预测黑猩猩排卵期的基本方法,本研究对1只雌性黑猩猩（呼名蔓丽）的月经周期和性皮肿胀情况进行了长达3 a的观察和记录,并采用人用的LH半定量检测试纸测定了黑猩猩部分月经周期尿液中促黄体生成素的含量。结果显示：蔓丽的月经周期平均为34.6±3.1 d,性皮肿胀最充分时的持续时间平均为5.8±2.3 d,尿液中LH水平与性皮肿胀开始消退的时间恰好吻合。本研究采用的人用LH半定量试纸测定黑猩猩尿液LH值,能够反映月经周期内尿液LH值的变化规律。     

使用性激素提高奶牛性控冻精受胎率的探讨

我国东北地区地域辽阔,饲草资源丰富,是发展奶牛、肉牛的主要产业带,但是东北地区冬天较冷,对奶牛养殖有一定影响,在繁殖方面会影响奶牛的发情率和受胎率,雌性激素对奶牛的发情和配种妊娠有一定效果。为了提高奶牛的发情率和怀孕率,本试验于10～12月份在阜新地区,随机选择了一些青年牛分为对照组、促排卵素组和促黄体素组,探讨提高受胎率的方法,结果显示受胎率并没有显著提高(P>0.05),下一步应该从其他方法再做努力。     

初情期启动过程中小尾寒羊下丘脑GnRH基因甲基化状态及表达量关系研究

初情期启动的早晚关系到雌性动物的繁殖性能,GnRH是动物初情期启动过程中的关键基因,其启动子区甲基化状态与GnRH mRNA表达量之间的关系尚不清楚。本研究选择初情期前、临近初情期和初情期雌性小尾寒羊的下丘脑作为样本,利用亚硫酸氢盐测序(BSP)技术和实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术检测了初情期不同阶段小尾寒羊GnRH启动子区的甲基化状态和GnRH mRNA的表达量,并分析二者之间的关系。结果表明:小尾寒羊到达初情期时,GnRH基因启动子区甲基化水平显著降低(P0.05),尤其是在启动子区-570位点降低最明显,而随着初情期的启动GnRH mRNA表达量呈上升趋势。结果提示,初情期启动过程中,GnRH mRNA表达量升高可能与下丘脑GnRH基因启动子区特定位点甲基化水平降低存在一定的关系。     

Effect of luteinizing hormone on the right regressing ovary of newly hatched chicks treated during embryonic development

We studied the histologic and stereological changes induced in the right ovary of newly hatched chicks treated with LH during their embryonic development. Results indicate that LH administration causes a diminution in size and total volume (P < 0.01) of the right ovary, as well as a decrease in the total volume of lacunar channels, blood vessels, and interstitium. Other changes obtained after LH treatment were a reduction (P < 0.001) in the number of germ cells, as well as an increase in the total volume of interstitial cell cords (P < 0.01). This expansion is due to the increase of cellular volume of interstitial cells (P < 0.001) and not to their number, which decrease in the LH-treated right ovary. All these modifications were similar to those occurring in the regressing right ovary during development. The findings suggest that the right ovary of the newly hatched chick is able to respond to LH treatment during embryonic development, inducing marked histologic changes that accelerate its regression.