人工林杉木结构用集成材层板抗弯性能研究

以人工林杉木（Cunninghamia lanceolata）层板为研究对象,分析3种指榫长度和4种嵌合度对杉木指接层板抗弯性能的影响,比较不同等级杉木指接层板和非指接层板的抗弯性能,建立抗弯性能之间的相关性方程。结果表明,指榫长度与嵌合度对指接层板的抗弯强度和抗弯弹性模量有显著影响,人工林杉木层板较优指接工艺参数为：指榫长度15 mm、宽距比0.18、嵌合度0.1 mm;分等对指接层板和非指接层板的抗弯性能亦有显著影响,I等、II等指接层板的抗弯强度特征值分别为28.7、26.6 MPa,与未分等杉木指接层板抗弯强度特征值相比分别提高了17.14%和8.57%。基于应力波法获得的杉木层板动态抗弯弹性模量与静态抗弯弹性模量、静态抗弯弹性模量与抗弯强度之间均呈显著性正相关,相关系数r分别为0.838和0.691。     

小径级竹材抗弯性能测试方法

探究小径级竹材（胸高直径50 mm以下）的抗弯性能实验方法，充分发掘小径级竹材的性能，为小径级竹材的材性研究和工业加工等提供技术支撑，以扩大小径级竹材的用途，提高其利用价值。实验以箬竹、早园竹、苦竹、水竹和笔竿竹5种小径级竹材为研究对象，利用三点弯曲法与四点弯曲法分别测定了不同长径比（试件长度与其直径之比）试样的抗弯弹性模量和抗弯强度，以测试数据的标准差、标准误差和变异系数为评价依据，分析不同长径比的试样和加压弯曲方式对实验结果的影响。结果表明：就加压方式而言，当测试抗弯弹性模量时，三点加压弯曲法优于四点加压弯曲法；就试样长径比而言，长径比为12的试件更适于测试小径级竹材的抗弯弹性模量和抗弯强度。因此，当测试小径级竹材抗弯性能时，宜采用三点加压弯曲方式、长径比为12的试样并按照一定的流程进行操作。     

树龄对日本落叶松木材物理力学性质的影响

选取日本落叶松为试验材料,开展不同树龄日本落叶松物理力学性质的比较研究.结果表明:43年生、30年生和17年生日本落叶松木材气干密度分别为0.607,0.567和0.507 g/cm3,气干体积干缩率分别为7.7％,7.7％和7.1％;全干到气干体积湿胀率分别为5.1％,4.9％和4.5％;抗弯弹性模量分别为17.527,16.775和12.510 GPa,抗弯强度分别为121.1,110.3和90.9 MPa,顺纹抗压强度分别为56.8,51.8和44.0 MPa.随着树龄增大,日本落叶松木材密度、顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度和抗弯弹性模量等各项物理力学性能指标提高,差异干缩逐渐变小.日本落叶松木材的气干密度与抗弯弹性模量、抗弯强度、顺纹抗压强度呈线性正相关,相关系数分别为0.760,0.816和0.900.     

应用近红外光谱技术预测进口辐射松木材抗压和抗弯性能

以进口辐射松（Pinus radiata）木材为研究对象,探究应用近红外光谱技术预测辐射松木材抗压和抗弯性能的可行性,比较不同切面采谱、不同光谱预处理方法以及不同谱区波段的建模效果。结果表明,用弦切面的光谱建立的校正模型精度最高。原始光谱建立的校正模型精度较好,相关系数达0.85及以上,抗压强度模型在经过S-G卷积平滑处理后相关系数可提高到0.92。在全波段建立的校正模型效果最好。经外部验证,抗压强度、抗弯强度和抗弯弹性模量预测值与实测值相关性较高,相关系数达0.82及以上。研究结果可为辐射松木材的抗压和抗弯性能的快速评价提供新方法。     

日本农业标准:建筑用集成材物理力学性能指标及测试方法

1取样1.1集成材的冷水浸渍剥离试验、沸水浸渍剥离试验、减压加压剥离试验、胶层剪切试验、含水率试验、抗弯强度试验A（不包括集成材小样和成品试验），抽样方案见表1。表11.2集成材小样的抗弯试验A，抽样方案见表2。1.3锯材的抗弯试验B、抗弯试验C和抗拉强度试验，抽样方案见表3。表32试验结果的评价2.1对于冷水浸渍剥离试验、沸水浸渍剥离试验、减压加压剥离试验或剪切试验，如果样本合格试件数不小于进行该项测试的试件总数的90％（在含水率试验中，取自木堆），则该项判为合格。如果小于70％，则该项判为不合格。如果合格试件数占该…     

32个杉木无性系木材密度和力学性质的变异*

３２个杉木无性系间，木材密度和抗弯弹性模量、抗弯强度、顺纹抗压强度均有较大差异，无性系内株间亦存在一定差异。木材密度与抗弯弹性模量、抗弯强度、顺纹抗压强度间的相关极显著，相关系数分别为０．３９５７、０．８３６８和０．９０２０；木材密度与生长速度呈负的遗传相关。     

硫酰氟熏蒸处理对出口包装樟子松木材力学性能的影响

采用硫酰氟作为熏蒸剂处理樟子松木材,在试验室条件下,研究熏蒸处理对木材的抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量、颇纹抗剪强度和颇纹抗压强度的影响。结果表明,经硫酰氟熏蒸处理后樟子松木材的抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量、顺纹抗剪强度和顺纹抗压强度均有程度不同的变化;除顺纹抗剪强度有所增强,抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量和顺纹抗压强度均减小;抗弯强度和抗弯弹性模量的相关性有所下降。     

声－超声技术评价兴安落叶松规格材的抗弯性质

测量落叶松规格材的波速、峰值电压、时间形心和频率形心等声－超声参数,以及气干密度、抗弯弹性模量和抗弯强度等物理力学性质,研究声－超声参数、气干密度、动态弹性模量等与抗弯性质之间的相关性。为了探索利用声－超声技术预测落叶松抗弯性质的可行性,分别以动态弹性模量和声－超声参数及气干密度为自变量,建立预测其规格材抗弯性质的回归模型。结果表明：所有的声－超声参数、气干密度与抗弯弹性模量均在0.01水平显著相关,峰值电压、频率形心、气干密度与抗弯强度在0.01水平显著相关。利用气干密度、峰值电压和波速3个参数为自变量建立的抗弯弹性模量和抗弯强度的预测模型的相关性(决定系数 r2分别为0.83和0.66)与传统的超声波方法(以动态弹性模量为自变量建立的抗弯弹性模量和抗弯强度预测模型,r2分别为0.80和0.34)相比,模型的预测能力显著提高。利用声－超声技术能够较好地预测落叶松规格材的抗弯力学性质,特别是抗弯强度。     

塑木地板的抗弯性能研究及断面分析

对目前常见的三种塑木地板进行抗弯性能研究,比较其抗弯弹性模量和抗弯强度,并根据材料力学理论对其断面结构的惯性矩、抗弯截面系数进行计算及断面分析。结果表明：对三种异型断面结构而言,空心型最为合理、实心型次之,开口型最差;将开口型地板下半部分的半圆直径从11mm减小到6mm,不仅节省材料,而且可以提高W／A,达到对抗弯性能的要求。     

热处理对桃花心木材尺寸稳定性和力学性能的影响

以温度150～210℃保温4h、180℃保温2～6h为条件,探究桃花心木材适用的热处理工艺。随着热处理温度升高和保温时间延长,试材平衡含水率和湿胀率逐渐降低,阻湿率和抗胀率增大;抗弯弹性模量在180℃以上时明显降低,抗弯强度随温度升高一直下降;随180℃保温时间的延长,抗弯弹性模量和抗弯强度先下降后趋于稳定。     

Property gradients in oil palm trunk (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Elaeis guineensis</Emphasis>)

Since the structure of oil palm wood varies dramatically, the property gradients of oil palm wood within a trunk are of great interest. In this study, the physical (density, water uptake and swelling in the radial direction) and mechanical properties (bending modulus of elasticity and strength, compressive modulus of elasticity and strength in the direction parallel to the fiber, compressive strength in the direction perpendicular to the fiber and shear strength in the direction parallel to the fiber) of oil palm wood for a whole trunk were examined. The water uptake, compressive strength in the direction perpendicular to the fiber, shear strength in the direction parallel to the fiber, bending modulus of elasticity and strength and compressive modulus of elasticity and strength in the direction parallel to the fiber appeared to be independent of trunk height but tended to be related to the relative distance from surface or density by a single master curve. However, the swelling in the radial direction of the oil palm wood was not correlated with the relative distance from the surface, trunk height or density. Finally, property map of oil palm wood for a cross section at any height was prepared for practical use.     

Strength grading of Norway spruce structural timber: revisiting property relationships used in EN 338 classification system

Solid timber for structural applications has to be strength graded prior to its use. In order to remain economic the grading process usually focuses on the most important physical and mechanical properties: density, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and bending strength. Based on respective limits given in standards, the timber is assigned to strength classes. Additional mechanical properties such as tensile and compression strength parallel to the grain are derived from the basic property values by empirical relationships. The objective of this study was to review some of these property relationships based on recently compiled large data sets as a contribution for a future revision of the grading standards. Based on mechanical tests of Norway spruce structural timber with different cross-sections, the following characteristic values and property relationships were evaluated: (a) strength and MOE in bending, (b) in-grade characteristic values of bending strength, bending MOE and density, (c) relationship of characteristic values of tension and compression strength parallel to the grain with respect to the corresponding characteristic value of bending strength, (d) ratio of fifth percentiles and mean values of density and MOE, as well as (e) the ratio of MOE in bending, tension and compression. Mechanical tests were accompanied by measurements of density and ultrasonic wave speed. Resulting dynamic MOE was partly used as an indicator of timber quality.     

天然有机物对速生杉木的改性研究

采用天然有机物对速生杉木进行改性处理,经过改性处理的杉木的力学性能有很大提高。随着增重率的增大,处理材的各项力学性能均有较大提高。当增重率超过50%,处理材的表面硬度、顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度和抗弯弹性模量提高将近1倍,表面耐磨耗性提高了3倍。这使杉木在力学性能上满足了木地板和家具面板制造的要求。     

天目铁木物理力学性质初步分析

对天目铁木进行物理力学性质测试与分析,结果表明,天目铁木木材的气干密度为0.721g.cm-3,弹性模量11.2Gpa,弦向抗弯强度104.9Mpa,顺纹抗压强度46Mpa,顺纹抗拉强度126.7Mpa,综合强度为150.9MPa,物理力学性能属于中等。     

烟秆制备刨花板的力学性能研究

烟秆为烟草采摘烟口t-后的废弃物,为了更好的利用这种原料,利用不同含水率（9％、6％、3％、0％）和烟秆不同部位（上部、中部和下部）的刨花制成刨花板,测定刨花板的内结合强度、弹性模量和静曲强度,分析含水率和烟秆部位对刨花板力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着含水率从0增加至9％,刨花板的内结合强度从0．35MPa增加至0．58MPa,其弹性模量和静曲强度呈先增后减趋势,当含水率在6％时,烟秆刨花板的弹性模量和静曲强度最大。不同部位的烟秆刨花对刨花板的内结合强度、弹性模量、静曲强度有显著影响,其中,利用中部烟秆刨花制备的刨花板的内结合强度、弹性模量、静曲强度最小。利用烟秆刨花制备的刨花板其力学性能能达到国家标准的要求,因此利用烟秆制备刨花板是可行的。     

Effect of size on the bending strength of laminated veneer lumber

Summary The effect of size on bending strength has been experimentally determined for laminated veneer lumber. Width was found to have no effect on bending strength. The effect of depth times length on bending strength obtained by the slope method was about 0.075, which is in good agreement with the results obtained by the shape parameter method. The effect of length is somewhat more severe than the effect of depth. Size was found to have no effect on modulus of elasticity or modulus of rigidity.In addition, the relationships between bending strength, modulus of elasticity and density of laminated veneer lumber were experimentally modelled.The author is pleased to acknowledge Research and Development Manager Matti Kairi, who represents the Kerto laminated veneer lumber manufacturer of Finnforest Oy, for fruitful co-operation over several years. The patience of senior research scientist Markku Kortesmaa, who calculated and several times explained the details of Appendix A for the author, is also acknowledged     

间伐强度对湿地松木材性质的影响规律研究

通过对不同间伐强度处理 (未间伐、弱度 (伐去株数 18 6 % )、中度 (伐去 35 7% )、强度 (伐去5 2 9% ) )的 19年生湿地松林分其林木木材的主要材性指标进行全面测试分析研究 ,结果表明 :间伐后 8a ,间伐强度对湿地松木材气干密度、全干密度、径向全干缩率、体积全干缩率、差异干缩、顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度、弹性模量、径向抗剪强度及端面硬度有显著影响 ;随着间伐强度的增大 ,树干年生长轮平均宽度、木材差异干缩是增大的 ,而随间伐强度的增加木材气干密度、全干密度有不同程度的减小 ,木材顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量、硬度等主要力学性质则是呈先增加后减小的趋势。     

The evaluation of long-term mechanical properties of wood-based panels by indoor exposure tests

Wood-based panels such as plywood, oriented strand board, particleboard, and medium-density fiberboard are used for roof, wall and floor sheathing materials in residential construction. However, the service life of these panels is still unknown due to the lack of long-term durability data. In this paper, test results from six different indoor exposure experiments were integrated to investigate the long-term durability of wood-based panels. The indoor exposure tests lasted for a maximum of 10 years, providing the panels with the changes in moisture content that ranged between 5 and 18%. The reduction in mechanical properties was determined to be in the range of 0–16% for the bending strength, 3–22% for the modulus of elasticity, 11–31% for the internal bond strength and 0–8% for the nail-head pull-through strength. No reduction was recognized for the lateral nail resistance. Furthermore, the concept of deterioration intensity (DI) based on the moisture content history was introduced to predict the long-term durability of the panels, and various calculation methods for DI were discussed so as to increase the correlativity of this property with the reduction in a mechanical property.     

Characterization of the correlation structure of lumber strength properties

Spatially averaged data from the literature for along-the-length correlation of lumber flatwise bending modulus of elasticity and tensile strength was analyzed to determine the correlation of the base process for each property. The cross correlation between the two properties was also examined. The exponential correlation function, equivalent to a first-order auto-regressive process, was the best model for both correlation and cross correlation, based on the sum of squared errors between the correlations from the test data and the fitted model. The fitted functions can be used to generate correlation and cross correlation information for spatially averaged processes averaged over lengths different from the lengths used to obtain the test data.     

Evaluation of the fire endurance of mechanically graded timber in bending

AbstractThis study examined the performance of mechanically graded timber in bending when exposed to fire at various load ratios. The test specimens were 150 pieces, each with the dimensions of 60 × 120 × 3500mm. The modulus of elasticity (MOE) of 150 specimens was measured, and 60 among them were selected to formulate the prediction equation for MOE and modulus of rupture (MOR), which was used to predict the remaining 90 specimens. These were tested under fire exposure in bending using three-point loading at 11.1%, 16.7%, 33.3%, 66.7%, and 83.3% of the ultimate load. Using mechanically graded timber, which means acknowledging the actual strength of the bending member, permits fairly precise application to the targeted design load. This research confirmed that mechanically graded timber under fire exposure has the following tendencies: under the same load ratio, time to failure is independent of strength class, and, at any load ratio, the critical strength is dependent on the timber strength class. The obtained design bending strength under fire exposure using the reduced cross section method and the reduced strength method conformed to those calculated based on Eurocode 5. Following those findings, mechanically graded timber can be applied to obtain the design bending strength when taking into account the fire attack.