共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 218 毫秒
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神经干细胞研究进展及其在环境兽医学中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1992年,Reynolds等最先从成年鼠的纹状体和海马中分离出能够进行自我更新、不断分裂增殖且具有多种分化潜能细胞群落,由此提出了神经干细胞(neural stem cells,NSCs)的概念,从而打破了多年来人们一直信为中枢神经细胞是在胚胎时期产生的,成年以后神经细胞的数目不再增加,只会因衰老而发生死亡的论断。Mckay于1997年在Science杂志上将神经干细胞的概念总结为:具有分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞及少突胶质细胞的能力,能自我更新并足以提供大量脑组织细胞的细胞。总之,正因为干细胞具有自我更新能力、多能性或全能性、整合性和转分化性、低免疫原性等特性,所以有着非常重要的理论研究意义和临床应用价值。 相似文献
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骨骼肌干细胞具有一般干细胞的特点,可以自我更新、繁殖产生更多的干细胞,同时也可以分化成各种各样的具有特定功能的细胞,可作为多种组织工程的种子细胞,有非常重要的研究和应用价值.对骨骼肌干细胞在诱导分化方面的进展进行了阐述,以期能为骨骼肌千细胞的进一步研究提供理论基础. 相似文献
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胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cell,ES细胞)主要来自于胚胎发育早期囊胚中内细胞群(i nner cel l mas s,I CM),具有无限增殖、自我更新和多向分化的特性。理论上可以诱导分化为机体中200多种细胞,可作为细胞移植、组织替代,甚至器官克隆的细胞供体,为将来治疗人类诸多难治性疾病提供细胞来源。本文简述了胚胎干细胞的诱导分化方法、定向分化的一些细胞种类以及其应用前景。 相似文献
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干细胞具有自我更新能力,能够产生高度分化的功能细胞。干细胞按照发育阶段分为胚胎干细胞和成体干细胞。根据干细胞的发育潜能分为三类:全能干细胞、多能干细胞和单能干细胞。胚胎干细胞的发育等级较高,是全能干细胞,而成体干细胞的发育等级较低,是多能或单能干细胞。一般认为成年组织或器官内的干细胞具有组织特异性,只能分化成特定的细胞或组织,然而,研究结果表明,组织特异性干细胞同样具有分化成其他细胞或组织的潜能,这为干细胞的应用开创了更广泛的空间。作者主要综述了干细胞的研究进展及几种成体干细胞的诱导分化。 相似文献
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PO Favaron RC Carvalho J Borghesi ARA Anunciação MA Miglino 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(6):881-892
Foetal membranes are essential tissues for embryonic development, playing important roles related to protection, breathing, nutrition and excretion. The amnion is the innermost extraembryonic membrane, which surrounds the foetus, forming an amniotic sac that contains the amniotic fluid (AF). In recent years, the amniotic membrane has emerged as a potential tool for clinical applications and has been primarily used in medicine in order to stimulate the healing of skin and corneal diseases. It has also been used in vaginal reconstructive surgery, repair of abdominal hernia, prevention of surgical adhesions and pericardium closure. More recently, it has been used in regenerative medicine because the amniotic‐derived stem cells as well as AF‐derived cells exhibit cellular plasticity, angiogenic, cytoprotective, immunosuppressive properties, antitumoural potential and the ability to generate induced pluripotent stem cells. These features make them a promising source of stem cells for cell therapy and tissue engineering. In this review, we discussed the development of the amnion, AF and amniotic cavity in different species, as well as the applicability of stem cells from the amnion and AF in cellular therapy. 相似文献
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造血干细胞(hematopoietic stem cell, HSC)位于造血系统的顶端, 是造血系统中唯一具有多能性和自我更新能力的细胞, 可以分化为各种功能的血细胞, 维持血液系统的建立和动态平衡, 是目前研究最为透彻、临床应用最为成熟的成体干细胞。造血干细胞的这些重要特性, 使得基于造血干细胞在治病机制研究和临床应用中的研究取得了很大进展。以造血干细胞为基础的再生医学治疗是目前治疗恶性血液病和遗传病的首选方法, 如造血干细胞治疗犬白细胞黏附缺陷综合征、犬遗传性贫血、犬淋巴瘤、犬白细胞减少症、犬X连锁严重联合免疫缺陷病等, 但由于白细胞抗原匹配的供体稀缺、可获得的造血干细胞数量有限等原因, 无法满足临床需求, 因此, 如何通过体外培养获得满足临床需要的造血干细胞成为近年来学者们研究的热点问题。作者参照现有研究成果对造血干细胞的来源和体外分离培养、治病机制进行系统的描述, 并对造血干细胞移植治疗遗传性溶血性贫血、白细胞黏附缺陷综合征、淋巴瘤、白细胞减少症、X连锁严重联合免疫缺陷病的临床研究进行综述, 以期为今后将造血干细胞广泛应用于临床治疗提供参考依据。 相似文献
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Pluripotent stem cells--model of embryonic development,tool for gene targeting,and basis of cell therapy 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cell lines with the capacity of self-renewal and a broad differentiation plasticity. They are derived from pre-implantation embryos and can be propagated as a homogeneous, uncommitted cell population for an almost unlimited period of time without losing their pluripotency and their stable karyotype. Murine ES cells are able to reintegrate fully into embryogenesis when returned into an early embryo, even after extensive genetic manipulation. In the resulting chimeric offspring produced by blastocyst injection or morula aggregation, ES cell descendants are represented among all cell types, including functional gametes. Therefore, mouse ES cells represent an important tool for genetic engineering, in particular via homologous recombination, to introduce gene knock-outs and other precise genomic modifications into the mouse germ line. Because of these properties ES cell technology is of high interest for other model organisms and for livestock species like cattle and pigs. However, in spite of tremendous research activities, no proven ES cells colonizing the germ line have yet been established for vertebrate species other than the mouse (Evans and Kaufman, 1981; Martin, 1981) and chicken (Pain et al., 1996). The in vitro differentiation capacity of ES cells provides unique opportunities for experimental analysis of gene regulation and function during cell commitment and differentiation in early embryogenesis. Recently, pluripotent stem cells were established from human embryos (Thomson et al., 1998) and early fetuses (Shamblott et al., 1998), opening new scenarios both for research in human developmental biology and for medical applications, i.e. cell replacement strategies. At about the same time, research activities focused on characteristics and differentiation potential of somatic stem cells, unravelling an unexpected plasticity of these cell types. Somatic stem cells are found in differentiated tissues and can renew themselves in addition to generating the specialized cell types of the tissue from which they originate. Additional to discoveries of somatic stem cells in tissues that were previously not thought to contain these kinds of cells, they also appear to be capable of developing into cell types of other tissues, but have a reduced differentiation potential as compared to embryo-derived stem cells. Therefore, somatic stem cells are referred to as multipotent rather than pluripotent. This review summarizes characteristics of pluripotent stem cells in the mouse and in selected livestock species, explains their use for genetic engineering and basic research on embryonic development, and evaluates their potential for cell therapy as compared to somatic stem cells. 相似文献
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精原干细胞介导法制备转基因动物是用试验导入的方法将外源基因移入动物细胞并整合到其基因组中,伴随着精原干细胞分化成精子,通过受精最终使外源基因得以表达。近年来,随着对精原干细胞研究的不断深入,人们发现其在建立转基因动物方面具有巨大的应用潜力和优势。作者从精原干细胞的生物学特性及携带外源基因的原理等方面阐述了其应用于转基因动物制备的理论机制,同时介绍了精原干细胞介导法在制备转基因动物方面,特别是转基因羊生产中的应用现状。 相似文献
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Comparison of equine bone marrow-, umbilical cord matrix and amniotic fluid-derived progenitor cells
Lovati AB Corradetti B Lange Consiglio A Recordati C Bonacina E Bizzaro D Cremonesi F 《Veterinary research communications》2011,35(2):103-121
The aim of the study was to compare in vitro the stemness features of horse progenitor cells derived from bone marrow (BM-MSCs),
amniotic fluid (AF-MSCs) and umbilical cord matrix (EUC-MSCs). It has been suggested that there may be a stem cell population
within both umbilical cord matrix and amniotic fluid. However, little knowledge exists about the characteristics of these
progenitor cells within these sources in the equine species. This study wanted to investigate an alternative and non-invasive
stem cell source for the equine tissue engineering and to learn more about the properties of these cells for future cell banking.
Bone marrow, umbilical cord and amniotic fluid samples were harvested from different horses. Cells were analyzed for proliferation,
immunocytochemical, stem cell gene expression and multilineage plasticity. BM- and AF-MSCs took similar time to reach confluence
and showed comparable plating efficiency. All cell lines expressed identical stem cell markers and capability to differentiate
towards osteogenic lineage. Almost all cell lines differentiated into the adipogenic lineage as demonstrated by cytochemical
staining, even if no adipose gene expression was detectable for AF-MSCs. AF- and EUC-MSCs showed a limited chondrogenic differentiation
compared with BM-MSCs as demonstrated by histological and biochemical analyses. These findings suggest that AF-MSCs appeared
to be a readily obtainable and highly proliferative cell line from an uninvasive source that may represent a good model system
for stem cell biology. More studies are needed to investigate their multilineage potential. EUC-MSCs need to be further investigated
regarding their particular behavior in vitro represented by spheroid formation. 相似文献