热空气协同茉莉酸甲酯处理对冷藏石榴冷害及果实品质的影响

石榴经38℃热空气和茉莉酸甲酯单独及协同处理后,在3℃条件下分别贮藏20、40、60、80 d后取出,在20℃放置3 d后,分别测定石榴相关冷害参数和品质指标,以研究热处理及茉莉酸甲酯处理对石榴冷害及果实品质的影响。结果表明:热空气处理显著抑制了石榴果皮褐变,但相比茉莉酸甲酯处理果皮丙二醛含量、细胞膜透性、可溶性蛋白含量及籽粒营养品质变化较大,这种副作用可通过协同茉莉酸甲酯处理缓解;热空气和茉莉酸甲酯协同处理显著抑制了石榴的冷害症状,并较好地保持石榴品质,贮藏80 d并在20℃放置3 d后,果皮褐变指数仅为0.036,丙二醛含量11.04μmol/g,细胞膜透性21.05%,可溶性蛋白含量0.58 mg/g,可溶性固形物含量15.91%,可滴定酸含量1.86%,总酚含量37.72 mg/g。综上,认为热空气、茉莉酸甲酯协同处理是一种能缓解石榴冷害并保持果实品质的有效贮藏方法。     

热水处理对鲜切石榴籽粒贮藏品质、抗氧化能力及微生物变化的影响

以石榴为试材,采用热处理法,研究了不同处理条件对保鲜期间鲜切石榴籽粒贮藏品质、抗氧化能力及微生物变化的影响。结果表明:鲜切石榴籽粒经过40℃10min、45℃6min、50℃4min的热处理,其中50℃4min的热处理能够提高石榴籽粒可溶性固形物含量,减轻石榴籽粒贮藏期间的质量损失,提高石榴籽粒的抗氧化活性,抑制霉菌酵母的生长繁殖,使得石榴籽粒保持较好的感官品质,延缓石榴籽粒的衰老进程。     

江石榴果实贮藏期生理变化研究

对江石榴果实在(10±0.5)、(5±0.5)℃贮藏条件下生理变化和和贮藏效果进行了研究。结果表明:江石榴属非跃变型果实,果实乙烯释放量较低;随果实衰老,相对电导率及丙二醛含量缓慢增加,可滴定酸含量和可溶性固形物含量变化不显著;与在10℃贮藏相比,在5℃贮藏减少了果实的褐变和腐烂程度,贮藏16周后,商品果率达80%。     

石榴的贮藏保鲜

石榴的贮藏保鲜高海生（河北农业技术师范学院·昌黎·０６６６００）一、石榴贮藏的基本条件１．品种及其耐藏性石榴果实的耐藏性因产地及品种不同而异。我国有许多品质优良的耐贮品种，如陕西临潼的天红蛋、粉红甜石榴，山东枣庄的大青皮甜、大青皮酸、大马牙甜，河北的...     

贮藏方式对金红苹果贮藏品质影响的研究

以金红苹果为试材,研究了窖藏条件下,贮藏方式对金红苹果贮藏品质的影响.结果表明:0.05 mm薄膜密封包装、加乙烯吸收剂处理效果最好;贮藏结束时,硬度仍为7.40 kg/cm2,可溶性固形物含量达11.40%,可滴定酸含量达0.46%,外观新鲜,腐烂率控制在1.50%以下.     

不同保鲜剂处理对鲜切生菜贮藏品质的影响

以鲜切生菜为试材,用壳聚糖、竹叶抗氧化物处理,分别于0、4、20℃下贮藏,测定其硬度、可溶性固形物、呼吸速率和叶绿素含量等指标,研究不同保鲜剂处理对鲜切生菜贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:保鲜剂壳聚糖和竹叶抗氧化物处理明显提高了鲜切生菜的贮藏品质,有效地延缓了鲜切生菜的腐烂速率;4℃与0℃的贮藏温度下,对照及保鲜剂处理的鲜切生菜硬度、可溶性固形物含量、呼吸速率、叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量和外观品质均明显优于20℃处理;与4℃的贮藏温度相比,0℃贮藏条件下鲜切生菜的硬度指标和外观品质较好;与壳聚糖处理相比,竹叶抗氧化物处理鲜切生菜的硬度较高,腐烂程度较低。在所有的处理中,0℃竹叶抗氧化物处理组合保鲜效果最佳,明显提高了鲜切生菜的贮藏品质,延长了贮藏时间。     

金红苹果气调贮藏效应及对营养成分的影响

对金红苹果采用塑料袋小包装及塑料大帐气调贮藏的效应和贮后果实营养成分变化进行了研究.结果表明:金红苹果气凋贮藏后.小袋包装处理的商品率达98%,大帐人工降 O_2处理与自然降 O_2处理分别为89%和87%.对照为54.21%;果实硬度各处理间差异明显,小袋包装为17.5 lb/cm~2,大帐气调贮藏为14—16 lb/cm~2,对照12 lb/cm~2;营养成分含量各处理间差异很大,含酸量的变化以小袋贮藏降低最少;维生素 C 含量亦是小袋处理最高达5.048mg/100g.各种处理比较,以小袋包装贮藏效果最佳,其次是大帐人工降 O_2和自然降 O_2处理.     

乙醇对中国樱桃贮藏效应的初探

乙醇蒸汽对中国樱桃贮藏品质影响的研究结果表明,2mL/kg和6mL/kg的乙醇可明显延缓樱桃果实可滴定酸、可溶性糖、Vc和可溶性蛋白含量的下降及腐烂率的上升。0±0.5℃下贮藏12d,其腐烂率分别比对照低25.5%和51.0%,良好地保持了樱桃果实的采后品质。     

河阴石榴采后贮藏腐烂的原因及防治措施

河阴石榴具有很高的食用和药用价值,采后由于贮藏不当容易发生腐烂。本文对引起石榴采后贮藏腐烂的原因进行了分析,同时提出控制石榴腐烂变质的措施,以期对石榴的安全贮藏起指导作用。     

不同贮藏温度对干制库尔勒骏枣货架期品质的影响

以库尔勒干制骏枣为试材,在自然温度及(0±0.5)、(10±2)、(20±2)℃贮藏条件下,比较骏枣可食率、含水量、蛋白质含量、可溶性总糖含量、还原糖含量、维生素C含量及可滴定酸含量的变化,研究不同的贮藏温度对其货架期品质的影响。结果表明:干制库尔勒骏枣的可食率、含水量、蛋白质含量、维生素C含量总体均呈下降趋势,即随着贮藏时间的延长,库尔勒骏枣的品质在不断变劣,使其货架期变短。0℃贮藏能较好的维持干制库尔勒骏枣的货架期。     

Effects of foliar application of calcium chloride and urea on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of pomegranate fruits

The effects of urea and calcium chloride and their combinations on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of pomegranate fruits were studied over 2 years. Aqueous solutions of urea at 0%, 0.5%, 1% and 2% and calcium chloride at 0%, 2% and 4% were applied on two branches of pomegranate (Punica granatum L. cv Malase-Yazdi) at full bloom (FB) and 1 month after full bloom (1MAFB) stages. Urea at concentrations of 1% and 2% significantly increased aril size, fruit length and diameter. Calcium chloride at concentrations of 2% and 4% significantly increased average fruit weight and ascorbic acid (AA) content. Both urea and calcium chloride increased soluble solid content (SSC) at all of the used concentrations. In the first time of spraying, higher level of treatments reduced titratable acidity (TA), but the second time of spraying did not significantly affect the TA.     

Biochemical diversity in wild and cultivated pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) in Pakistan

The present study was conducted to screen out elite pomegranates through determination of biochemical diversity in wild and cultivated genotypes for a breeding program and for fresh/processed use in industry. The results showed high morphological diversity in accessions of wild pomegranate fruits as compared to cultivated genotypes. The first six principal components covered 80.75 and 75.49% diversity in 53 wild and 62 cultivated pomegranate genotypes, respectively. High values of the coefficient of variance (10.78–18.62%), and a high range of minimum to maximum values of total soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content, total soluble sugars, and total phenolic content (0.10–1.25, 5.88–29.96, 9.69–19.85 and 175.05–595.42), respectively, were recorded in the studied genotypes. Ascorbic acid content had a strong correlation with antioxidant activity (0.952%), super dismutase oxides (0.94%), catalase (0.921%), and titratable acidity (0.91%). Peroxides had a strong correlation (0.88%) with catalase, and 0.81% each with super dismutase oxides and antioxidant activity. Wild and cultivated pomegranates were clustered successfully in separate groups, based on biochemical traits. A variety improvement program and selection of high-quality pomegranate genotypes could help to reduce pomegranate-related malnutrition issues in the human diet.     

软籽石榴新品种选育初报

1996～2007年,对枣庄市著名的郭村软籽石榴资源进行优选和配套栽培技术研究。通过优株选择、多代高接、引种试栽、辐射育种、脱毒快繁等多项研究,从郭村软籽石榴和岗榴资源中选出的2个软籽石榴优良无性系——‘枣选1号'和‘枣选3号',2007年9月通过山东省科技厅组织的鉴定,2007年12月通过山东省林木品种审定委员会审定。其果个、外观等经济指标均较原品种有较大改观,‘枣选1号',成年树平均株产30kg。果实圆球形,表面光滑,果皮70%着红色,向阳面呈鲜红色,间有浓红断续条纹,萼筒较长,萼片6裂反卷。单果重386g,最大果重468g,平均百粒重57.3g,出汁率92.5%。籽粒大而整齐,长形,青白色,放射线明显,籽粒透明,种子硬度3.74kg,仁软可食,含可溶性固形物15.8%,品质极上。5月上旬进入始花期,6月上旬进入盛花期。果实9月下旬成熟。‘枣选3号',成年树平均株产35kg。大型果,果实圆球形,果肩齐,表面光亮,果皮全面着鲜红色,向阳面呈艳红色,萼筒较短,开张。单果重424g,最大果重662g,平均百粒重51.9g,出汁率91.6%。籽粒略带红色,透明,种子硬度4.77kg,仁软可食,含可溶性固形物15.8%,品质极上。5月上旬进入始花期,6月上旬进入盛花期。果实9月底成熟。经多年多点试栽证明,‘枣选1号'和‘枣选3号'可以在鲁南及相似生态区推广。同时,使用杭州托普仪器有限公司提供的GW-1型谷物硬度计测量国内部分石榴品种的种子硬度,其数值区间为1.27～12.64kg,硬度最小的是‘突尼斯软籽',硬度为1.27kg,硬度最大的是‘冰糖籽'石榴12号样本,硬度为12.64kg,两者相差11.37kg。根据近年来笔者对软籽石榴种子的感官判别标准和生产实际需要,将石榴按照种子硬度划分为软籽石榴、半软籽石榴、普通石榴和硬籽石榴4个等级,每个等级级差为3kg。即一级为软籽石榴,籽粒硬度在0～4.5kg;二级为半软籽石榴,籽粒硬度在4.6～7.5kg;三级为普通石榴,籽粒硬度在7.6～10.5kg;四级为硬籽石榴,籽粒硬度在10.6kg以上。     

不同石榴品种果实成熟期酚类物质组分与含量分析

【目的】为了揭示不同石榴品种成熟期果实酚类物质组分与含量的差异,【方法】以‘水晶甜’、‘红宝石’和‘绿宝石’3个不同果色表现型(白皮、红皮、绿皮)石榴品种为试材,利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分别测定其果皮、种子和果汁中酚类物质的组分与含量。【结果】各石榴品种果皮和种子中共检测到13种酚类物质,果汁中检测到12种,未检测到表儿茶素。不同品种同一部位酚类物质含量差异显著,在果皮、种子和果汁中‘绿宝石’石榴多酚含量最高,‘水晶甜’果皮和果汁中多酚含量最低,‘红宝石’种子中多酚含量最低。各石榴品种不同部位多酚的总量均是果皮(5.957 mg·g-1)最高,主要成分为对羟基苯甲酸、表儿茶素和儿茶素;果汁(1.037 mg·g-1)次之,主要成分为儿茶素和对羟基苯甲酸;种子(0.295 mg·g-1)含量最低,主要成分为根皮苷和儿茶素。【结论】石榴不同品种不同部位酚类物质含量存在显著差异。     

Seasonal trends in nitrogen and carbohydrate contents of ‘Banati’ pomegranate leaves

The seasonal trends in nitrogen and carbohydrate contents in the leaves of ‘Banati’ pomegranate trees were studied during two successive growing-seasons. The nitrogen content expressed as % and as mg per leaf decreased gradually during the growing-season in both years. The % total sugars in the leaves fluctuated during the growing-season, but did not show a consistent trend in the 2 years. The starch content of the leaves tended to decrease from May till August and then increased till the end of the season in both years.     

石榴软籽新品种‘豫农早艳’的选育

‘豫农早艳’石榴是由‘突尼斯软籽’石榴芽变选育出的早中熟软籽石榴新品种。果实近球形,果形指数0.84;平均单果质量300 g,最大单果质量680 g;果皮底色黄绿,着玫红色晕,着色面积超过70%;萼筒较短,萼片开张或半开张;籽粒粉红色。‘豫农早艳’石榴百粒重37.0 g;出籽率62.3%以上,出汁率84.6%;可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)17.1%,pH 3.4,维生素C含量12.6 mg·100 g^-1。风味酸甜可口,籽粒易剥离;籽粒硬度3.26 kg·cm~(-2),核软可食。果实生育期120 d左右,在郑州荥阳(东经113.35,北纬34.79)9月中下旬成熟,比‘突尼斯软籽’石榴早熟约10 d。该品种植株长势中庸,树姿半开张;耐旱、耐瘠薄,较抗冻,适应性较强。货架期20 d左右,5℃冷库贮藏60 d左右。适合黄河以南石榴适生区栽培,第2年开花结果,丰产,稳产。     

石榴品种分类研究进展

石榴是我国广为栽培的果树和观赏植物。对石榴品种分类简史进行了回顾,着重综合介绍近年来石榴品种分类研究的现状,包括变种与品种的关系和基于形态学、蛋白质标记、DNA分子标记上的品种分类方法等方面的研究进展,对以后的研究方向进行了展望,同时对存在的问题提出建议:1)必须尽快进行种质资源普查,建立种质资源圃;2)在品种演化和实际应用兼顾的原则下统一石榴品种分类方法,为今后石榴的开发利用提供依据。     

Pomegranate fruit development and maturation

The development of pomegranate fruit was studied under continental (Bet Shean Valley) and moderate maritime (coastal plain) climatic conditions. Fertile flowers were vase-shaped and developed into fruits. Bell-shaped flowers with few egg cells were sterile and did not produce fruits. Gibberellic acid induced the sterile flowers to develop into small fruits; however, these were devoid of juicy seeds. The growth curve of pomegranate fruits from both climatic regions showed a single sigmoid pattern. The seeds accounted for about half of the fruit weight. The edible juicy tissue of the seeds grew continuously from June to October whereas the internal stone tissue stopped growing and hardened by the end of June. Juice, total soluble solids (TSS) and anthocyanin content increased continuously during maturation while acidity decreased. Fruit of cv Mule’s Head ripens early and has a low acid content, whereas fruit of the late-ripening cv Wonderful has high juice contents, TSS, acids and anthocyanins, and is therefore suitable for processing. In the hot Bet Shean Valley fruits matured more rapidly than in the coastal plain, but acidity and anthocyanin contents were lower. C0₂ evolution from the fruits was low and no climacteric peak or measurable ethylene were detected during fruit maturation, thus suggesting that the pomegranate is a non-climacteric fruit.     

The effect of maturity,sunburn and the application of sunscreens on the internal and external qualities of pomegranate fruit grown in Australia

Consumer interest in pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum L.) is increasing in Australia as a result of its unique external and internal qualities. This work looked at the effect of applying sunscreen treatments to pomegranate fruit on the degree of sunburn damage and the effect of maturity and sunburn on the internal antioxidant concentration of the juice. The pomegranates, cultivar ‘Wonderful’ were grown in Condobolin, New South Wales, Australia.     

Analysis of the Phenylpropanoid Enzyme Activities and Products in the Soft- and Hard-Seeded Pomegranate Genotypes During Fruit Development

To find out more about the biochemical aspects of seed-softness trait in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), some of the phenylpropanoid pathway enzymes as well as their products were evaluated in the various soft- and hard-seeded genotypes during fruit development. Results showed that peroxidase (POD) activity decreased in all studied genotypes during fruit growth, while increasing at the last stages only in the hard-seeded genotypes. Although laccase (LAC) activity did not show high differences during fruit ripening and in different genotypes, but its general trend was increasing. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity decreased during the fruit development and approximately diminished for the hard-seeded genotypes. All genotypes had lignin components in their seeds and amount of lignin increased during the growth season. Total phenolic decreased drastically and antioxidant capacity increased gradually showing an opposite trend and probable competitive effect for the same substrate during fruit development. Considerable differences that were observed in the POD activity at the last sampling stage, and higher activity that was observed in POD than LAC, may indicate that POD is more important for polymerization of lignin in the pomegranate seed and this enzyme might have some role in the development of seed softness trait in pomegranate. Also, this is the first report about lignin detection in the seeds of soft-seeded pomegranate genotypes, and represents a different mechanism (such as monolignol conformation in the final polymer) from lignin content for development of the soft-seeded pomegranate genotype.