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Psychometric Validation of a General Health Quality of Life Tool for Cats Used to Compare Healthy Cats and Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease 下载免费PDF全文
E.S. Bijsmans R.E. Jepson H.M. Syme J. Elliott S.J.M. Niessen 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2016,30(1):183-191
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Changes in Systolic Blood Pressure over Time in Healthy Cats and Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease 下载免费PDF全文
E.S. Bijsmans R.E. Jepson Y.M. Chang H.M. Syme J. Elliott 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(3):855-861
Background
Hypertension is a common problem in older cats, most often associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Cross‐sectional studies have suggested that blood pressure in cats increases with age.Hypothesis/Objectives
To determine whether blood pressure in cats increases with age and whether this occurs independently of the presence of CKD. To investigate risk factors for developing hypertension.Animals/Subjects
Two hundred and sixty‐five cats with CKD and 133 healthy cats ≥9 years were retrospectively identified.Methods
Four groups were created according to status at initial evaluation (CKD or healthy) and blood pressure at the last included visit (normotensive [NT] or developed hypertension [DH]): Healthy‐NT, Healthy‐DH, CKD‐NT and CKD‐DH. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) over time slopes were compared with 0 and between groups. Risk factors for the development of hypertension were investigated, and associations of biochemical and clinical variables with SBP were examined.Results
Cats that were hypertensive at CKD diagnosis (n = 105) were not included in further analyses. Twenty‐seven cats with CKD and 9 healthy cats developed hypertension ≥3 months after diagnosis of CKD or their first visit. Systolic blood pressure significantly increased with age in all cats (P < .001). Healthy cats were at less risk than cats with CKD to become hypertensive (hazard ratio 0.2, P < .001), with creatinine being an independent risk factor for the development of hypertension.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
The high prevalence of hypertension in azotemic cats in this study shows the importance of monitoring of SBP in elderly cats, and in particular in cats with CKD. 相似文献4.
Computed Tomographic Angiography of the Pancreas in Cats with Chronic Diabetes Mellitus Compared to Normal Cats 下载免费PDF全文
S. Secrest A. Sharma A. Bugbee 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(3):962-966
Background
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common endocrinopathy in cats. No known diagnostic test or patient characteristic at the time of diagnosis can predict likely disease course, unlike in people in whom computed tomographic angiography (CTA) is used. No published data exist regarding the CTA appearance of the pancreas in cats with DM, and thus, it is unknown what if any CTA variables should be further assessed for associations with pancreatic endocrine function.Hypothesis/Objectives
A significant difference in pancreatic attenuation, volume, and size will be identified between normal cats and those with chronic DM on CTA.Animals
Ten healthy control cats and 15 cats with naturally occurring DM present for >12 months.Methods
Prospective cross‐sectional study comparing pancreatic attenuation, enhancement pattern, size, volume, pancreatic volume‐to‐body weight ratio (V:BW), pancreatic arterial: portal phase ratio (A:P), time‐to‐arterial enhancement, and time‐to‐peak portal enhancement on CTA between sedated healthy control cats and those with chronic DM.Results
The pancreas in cats with chronic DM was significantly larger, had higher volume, higher V:BW, and shorter time‐to‐peak portal enhancement on CTA when compared to normal cats.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Peak portal enhancement time, pancreatic size, pancreatic volume, and V:BW can be used to differentiate normal sedated cats from those with chronic DM by CTA. These variables warrant further investigation to identify possible associations with endocrine function. 相似文献5.
J.A. Myers K.F. Lunn J.M. Bright 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(4):1235-1238
Background
Information regarding cardiac changes in domestic cats with acromegaly is limited.Hypothesis/Objectives
The objective of this study was to describe the echocardiographic findings in cats with acromegaly.Animals
Eighteen cats diagnosed with acromegaly at Colorado State University between 2008 and 2012. Of these 18 cats, 11 had echocardiography performed.Methods
A retrospective review of medical records was made to identify cats with acromegaly that also had echocardiography performed.Results
Of the 11 cats identified, 7 had left ventricular concentric hypertrophy, 6 had left atrial enlargement, and 7 had evidence of abnormal diastolic function. All 11 cats had evidence of structural or functional cardiac disease.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Cardiovascular abnormalities frequently are present in cats with acromegaly, and a complete cardiac evaluation should be considered in these patients. 相似文献6.
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P.V.M. Steagall B.P. Monteiro‐Steagall P.M. Taylor 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(3):762-770
Pain management is a crucial component of feline medicine and surgery. This review critically evaluates studies using buprenorphine in cats and highlights the clinical application of the opioid in this species. The pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic (PK‐PD) modeling of IV buprenorphine has been best described by a combined effect compartmental/receptor association‐dissociation model with negative hysteresis. Therefore, plasma concentrations of the drug are not correlated with analgesia, and clinicians should not expect to observe pain relief immediately after drug administration. In addition, a ceiling effect has not been demonstrated after administration of clinical doses of buprenorphine in cats; dosages of up to 0.04 mg/kg have been reported. The route of administration influences the onset, duration, and magnitude of antinociception and analgesia when using this drug in cats. At clinical dosages, the SC route of administration does not appear to provide adequate antinociception and analgesia whereas the buccal route has produced inconsistent results. Intravenous or IM administration at a dosage of 0.02–0.04 mg/kg is the preferred for treatment of pain in the acute setting. A literature search found 14 clinical trials evaluating buprenorphine sedation, analgesia, or both in cats. There were 22 original research studies reporting the antinociceptive effects of buprenorphine by means of thermal threshold, mechanical threshold, or both, minimal alveolar concentration, or PK‐PD. Individual variability in response to buprenorphine administration has been reported, indicating that buprenorphine may not provide sufficient analgesia in some cats. Pain assessment is important when evaluating the efficacy of buprenorphine and determining whether additional analgesic treatment is needed. 相似文献
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A.M. Wahle A. Brühschwein K. Matiasek K. Putschbach E. Wagner R.S. Mueller A. Fischer 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(1):182-188
Background
The diagnosis of feline epilepsy of unknown cause (EUC) requires a thorough diagnostic evaluation, otherwise the prevalence of EUC could be overestimated.Hypothesis
Feline EUC is a clinically defined disease entity, which differs from feline hippocampal necrosis by the absence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal alteration of the hippocampus. The objectives of this study were (1) to evaluate the prevalence of EUC in a hospital population of cats by applying well‐defined inclusion criteria, and (2) to describe the clinical course of EUC.Animals
Eighty‐one cats with recurrent seizures.Methods
Retrospective study—medical records were reviewed for cats presented for evaluation of recurrent seizures (2005–2010). Inclusion criteria were a defined diagnosis based on laboratory data, and either MRI or histopathology. Final outcome was confirmed by telephone interview with the owner. Magnetic resonance images were reviewed to evaluate hippocampal morphology and signal alterations.Results
Epilepsy of unknown cause was diagnosed in 22% of cats with epilepsy. Physical, neurologic, and laboratory examinations, and either 1.5 T MRI and cerebrospinal fluid analysis or postmortem examination failed to identify an underlying cause. Cats with EUC had a higher survival rate (P < .05) and seizure remission occurred frequently (44.4%).Conclusion and Clinical Importance
A detailed clinical evaluation and diagnostic imaging with MRI is recommended in any cat with recurrent seizures. The prognosis of cats with normal MRI findings and a clinical diagnosis of EUC are good. Standardized imaging guidelines should be established to assess the hippocampus in cats. 相似文献17.
M. Clark K. Thomaseth L. Dirikolu D. C. Ferguson M. Hoenig 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(1):166-174
Background
Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione (TZD) insulin sensitizer approved for use in human type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therapeutic options for diabetes in cats are limited.Objective
To evaluate the effects of pioglitazone in obese cats, which are predisposed to insulin resistance, to assess its potential for future use in feline diabetes mellitus.Animals
A total of 12 obese purpose‐bred research cats (6 neutered males and 6 spayed females, 5–7 years of age, weighing 5.4–9.8 kg).Methods
Randomized, placebo‐controlled 3‐way crossover study. Oral placebo or pioglitazone (Actos™; 1 or 3 mg/kg) was administered daily for 7‐week periods, with IV glucose tolerance testing before and after each period.Results
Three mg/kg pioglitazone significantly improved insulin sensitivity (geometric mean [95% CI] 0.90 [0.64–1.28] to 2.03 [1.49–2.78] min −1pmol−1L; P = .0014 versus change with placebo), reduced insulin area under the curve during IVGTT (geometric mean [range] 27 [9–64] to 18 [6–54] min∙nmol/L; P = .0031 versus change with placebo), and lowered serum triglyceride (geometric mean [range] 71 [29–271] to 48 [27–75] mg/dL; P = .047 versus change with placebo) and cholesterol (geometric mean [range] 187 [133–294] to 162 [107–249] mg/dL; P = .0042 versus change with placebo) concentrations in the obese cats. No adverse effects attributable to pioglitazone were evident in the otherwise healthy obese cats at this dosage and duration.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Results of this study support a positive effect of pioglitazone on insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism in obese cats, and suggest that further evaluation of the drug in cats with diabetes mellitus or other metabolic disorders might be warranted. 相似文献18.
J. Braff E. Obare M. Yerramilli J. Elliott M. Yerramilli 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(6):1699-1701
Background
Direct measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the preferred method to assess renal function in cats, but it is not widely used in the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In cats with CKD, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) has been shown to increase and to correlate with plasma creatinine concentrations.Hypothesis
In cats, reduced GFR corresponds with increased serum SDMA concentration.Animals
The study group consisted of ten client‐owned cats whose GFR had been measured previously. Cats ranged in age from 11.1 to 16.9 years; both azotemic and nonazotemic animals were included.Methods
Glomerular filtration rate was determined for each cat by plasma iohexol clearance using the three sample slope‐intercept method, and serum SDMA concentration was measured by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry.Results
A linear relationship was observed between GFR and the reciprocal of serum SDMA concentration (R 2 = 0.82, P < .001). A similar relationship was found between GFR and the reciprocal of plasma creatinine concentration (R 2 = 0.81, P < .001).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Increased serum SDMA concentrations were observed in cats with reduced renal function as determined by direct measurement of GFR. This finding indicates that SDMA could have clinical applications in the diagnosis of CKD in cats. 相似文献19.
Bruce A. VanEnkevort Robert T. O''Brien Karen M. Young 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1999,13(4):309-313
Pancreatic pseudocysts were diagnosed in 4 dogs and 2 cats based on ultrasonographic and clinicopathologic findings. All 6 animals had a clinical diagnosis of pancreatitis. Five of 6 pseudocysts were in the left pancreatic limb, and in 1 cat the pseudocyst was in the pancreatic body region. Cyst size ranged from 2 x 2 cm to 7 x 6 cm. All pseudocysts had anechoic regions that were aspirated using ultrasound guidance for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. No morbidity was associated with the aspiration procedures. Cytologically the pseudocyst fluid was aseptic in all patients and had low numbers of inflammatory cells in 5 of 6 patients. All animals had high lipase activity in the pseudocyst fluid and in 2 dogs and 1 cat the lipase activity in the fluid was greater than in serum. Three of the 4 dogs were managed medically. In the 1 dog that had long-term follow-up ultrasound examination, the pseudocyst persisted for several days following aspiration and had disappeared 8 months after diagnosis. All 3 of these dogs were clinically normal 1.5-4 years after presentation. The 4th dog underwent surgical exploration and was euthanized shortly thereafter because of bronchopneumonia and chronic pancreatitis. The 2 cats died 10 days and 2 months, respectively, following initial diagnosis of the pseudocyst, but necropsies were not performed in either case. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of pancreatic pseudocysts and clinicopathologic evaluation of cystic fluid are useful for diagnosis of pancreatic pseudocysts. 相似文献
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M. Hafner S. Dietiker‐Moretti K. Kaufmann C. Mueller T.A. Lutz C.E. Reusch E. Zini 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(6):1753-1759