溶血卵磷脂对肉仔鸡脂类代谢的影响

选200羽1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分成对照组和试验组(每组10个重复),试验组日粮添加0.1%溶血卵磷脂,研究溶血卵磷脂对肉鸡脂类代谢的影响。结果表明:溶血卵磷脂降低肝脏系数和肝脂率(P>0.05)、血清总甘油三酯与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)(P>0.05)、LDL-C/HDL-C和葡萄糖含量(P<0.05),提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和游离脂肪酸含量(P<0.05),上调肉仔鸡肝脏载脂蛋白B(P<0.01)和脂肪酸合成酶(P=0.155)mRNA表达水平;而对肉仔鸡的42日龄体重、腹脂率、皮下脂肪厚、肌间脂肪厚、腿肌和胸肌含脂率以及血清总胆固醇、三碘甲腺原氨酸、四碘甲腺原氨酸、促甲状腺激素刺激激素和胰岛素含量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。结果提示:溶血卵磷脂对肉仔鸡有减少肝脂肪沉积及降血脂作用。     

中草药方剂对肉仔鸡肌肉营养成分的影响

试验选择270羽1日龄艾维茵肉鸡,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复15羽。基础日粮为玉米-豆粕型,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加杆菌肽锌0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%的中草药复方添加剂,进行为期6周的饲养试验,观察其对肉仔鸡肌肉营养成分的影响。结果表明,该中草药方剂能不同程度地提高肉仔鸡的肌肉营养成分及肌苷酸的含量,降低肉中胆固醇含量,以1.5%添加效果最佳。     

中草药对肉仔鸡胆固醇代谢的影响

选取 1日龄AA鸡 2 16只 ,随机分为 6组 ,对照组饲喂基础日粮 ,试验组日粮分别为基础日粮添加 1%陈皮、1%山楂、1%决明子、1%绞股蓝和 5 0mg/kg大蒜素。结果表明 :决明子和大蒜素使 6～ 8周龄肉仔鸡的活重、全净膛重和日增重显著提高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;山楂、决明子和大蒜素能明显降低肉仔鸡血清TC ,TG ,VLDL和LDL(P <0 .0 5 ) ,显著升高血清HDL(P <0 .0 5 ) ;决明子和大蒜素显著降低肉仔鸡胸腿肌TC和TG(P <0 .0 5 ) ;决明子和大蒜素抑制肉仔鸡胆固醇代谢作用最显著 ,可作为本试验所选目的中草药。     

中草药方剂对肉仔鸡肉质理化特性的影响

为了研究中草药添加剂对肉仔鸡肌肉理化特性的影响,试验选用270只1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复15只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮(玉米-豆粕型),试验组分别在基础日粮中添加杆菌肽锌和0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%的中草药添加剂,进行为期6周的饲养试验。结果表明:该中草药方剂显著降低了胸肌的滴水损失,提高了肉的嫩度,且以1.5%的添加量效果最佳。     

复方中草药对蛋鸡脂类代谢的影响

１材料和方法１ １动物及药物海兰白蛋鸡９０只 ,１６月龄 ,平均体重为１４５０～１７５０ｇ,由山西农业大学畜牧系种鸡厂提供。实验用中草药首乌、山楂等二十余味 ,由山西中药厂门市部购进 ,经中药师确认无伪之后 ,将各种中药粉碎过１００目筛 ,按一定比例组成复方１和复方２ ,复方１主要由首乌、山楂、泽泻、姜黄、茵陈等十余味药物组成 ;复方２主要由泽泻、茯苓、炙甘草、白术、松针、桂枝等多种药物组成。１ ２实验方法将实验用鸡随机分成三组 ,每组３０只 ,笼养 ,每笼４只 ,每日光照１５ｈ以上 ,喂以全价饲料（山西农科院产“威科”蛋…     

不同脱乙酰度壳聚糖对肉仔鸡生长性能与脂类代谢的影响

1日龄AA肉仔鸡250只,随机分为5组,每组设5个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组(Ⅰ)喂给基础日粮,试验组(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ)分别在基础日粮中添加脱乙酰度分别为82.5%、86.2%、90.5%和95.3%的壳聚糖10g/kg。试验期7周。试验结果表明:1～21日龄,添加壳聚糖各组对肉仔鸡日增重均有不同程度的抑制作用,但差异不显著;22～49日龄中添加脱乙酰度95.3%壳聚糖,具有一定的促生长作用。在肉仔鸡生长全期添加不同脱乙酰度的壳聚糖(10g/kg)对肉仔鸡生长性能无显著影响;在日粮中添加不同脱乙酰度壳聚糖对肉仔鸡腹脂和血脂有一定的抑制作用,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

中草药添加剂对肉仔鸡生长的影响

依据中兽医学理论配制的中草药添加剂,按一定比例添加到艾维茵肉用仔鸡日粮中,观察54d,试验组鸡只平均增重235.5g,成活率86.3%,显著地提高于对照组鸡的增重和成尖率（P＜0．05）,其耗料也显著地低于对照组（P＜0．05）。试验鸡增理的饲料成本为对照组的96％。     

苜草素对肉仔鸡免疫、内分泌和脂类代谢的一些指标的影响

本试验旨在研究不同剂量的苜草素(苜蓿提取物)对肉仔鸡免疫、内分泌和脂类代谢的一些指标的影响。240只1 d商品代AA雄性肉仔鸡随机分为4组。对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组日粮中分别添加100、300和500 mg/kg苜草素。分别于28、35、42和49 d从每组取6只鸡,称重、心脏采血后处死,剥离腹脂并称重。分离血清后,进行新城疫血凝抑制抗体效价、甲状腺素、胰岛素、甘油三酯和总胆固醇水平的测定。结果表明,添加500 mg/kg苜草素分别在不同日龄显著提高了(P<0.05)新城疫血凝抑制抗体效价和血清甲状腺素水平,显著降低了(P<0.05)腹脂率、血清甘油三酯水平、总胆固醇水平和胰岛素水平;添加300 mg/kg苜草素显著升高了(P<0.05)血清甲状腺素水平和显著降低了(P<0.05)甘油三酯和胰岛素水平;添加100 mg/kg苜草素对这些指标没有显著影响。由本试验结果可以看出,日粮中添加苜草素(500 mg/kg)可以增强肉仔鸡体液免疫能力、调节甲状腺素和胰岛素的分泌,并且具有明显的降脂作用。     

中草药制剂对肉仔鸡肠道菌群的影响

选用1日龄AA肉仔鸡250只,随机分为5组,每组50只,即中药低剂量组、中药中剂量组、中药高剂量组、化学药物组和空白对照组,分别隔离饲养。在2周龄和4周龄时测定肠道中厌氧菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌数量。结果:2周龄时,中药高剂量组鸡肠道内每克内容物中大肠杆菌数为1.82×107个,厌氧菌数为4.43×108个;化学药物组大肠杆菌数为1.62×107个,厌氧菌数为2.17×108个;4周龄时中药高剂量组大肠杆菌菌数为1.57×107个,厌氧菌数为1.94×108个;化学药物组大肠杆菌数为3.51×107个,厌氧菌数为1.16×108个。结论:中草药替代化学药物预防肉仔鸡的肠道传染病是可行的。     

日粮中不同甜菜碱和胆碱水平对肉仔鸡脂类代谢的影响

甜菜碱在动物体代谢中可提供活性甲基。在动物体代谢过程中起活性甲基作用的营养素还有胆碱。胆碱在提供甲基时必须先氧化成甜菜碱,该反应往往被镍、钴和铁盐抑制,在核黄素缺乏时也受抑制。有试验证明,将甜菜碱和胆碱分别添加到相同的基础日粮中,饲喂甜菜碱的幼禽体内...     

Effects of Chinese herbal medicine on plasma glucose,protein and energy metabolism in sheep

Background： The use of antibiotics in animal diets is facing negative feedback due to the hidden danger of drug residues to human health. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine has been used to replace antibiotics in the past two decades and played an increasingly important role in livestock production. The present study was carried out to assess the feeding effects of a traditional nourishing Chinese herbal medicine mixture on kinetics of plasma glucose, protein and energy metabolism in sheep. Ruminal fermentation characteristics were also determined. Methods： Four sheep were fed on either mixed hay （MH-diet） or MH-diet supplemented with 2% of Chinese herbal medicine （mixture of Astragalus root, Angelica root and Atractylodes rhizome; CHM-diet） over two 3S-day periods using a crossover design. The turnover rate of plasma glucose was measured with an isotope dilution method using [U-^13C]glucose. The rates of plasma leucine turnover and leucine oxidation, whole body protein synthesis （WBPS） and metabolic heat production were measured using the [1-^13C]leucine dilution and open circuit calorimetry. Results： Body weight gain of sheep was higher （P = 0.03） for CHM-diet than for MH-diet. Rumen pH was lower （P = 0.02）, concentration of rumen total volatile fatty acid tended to be higher （P = 0.05） and acetate was higher （P = 0.04） for CHM-diet than for MH-diet. Turnover rates of plasma glucose and leucine did not differ between diets. Oxidation rate of leucine tended to be higher （P = 0.06） for CHM-diet than for MH-diet, but the WBPS did not differ between diets. Metabolic heat production tended to be greater （P = 0.05） for CHM-diet than for MH-diet. Conclusions： The sheep fed on CHM-diet had a higher body weight gain and showed positive impacts on rumen fermentation and energy metabolism without resulting in any adverse response. Therefore, these results suggested that the Chinese herbal medicine mixture should be considered as a potential feed additive for sheep.     

Effects of Chinese herbal medicine on plasma glucose,protein and energy metabolism in sheep

Background

The use of antibiotics in animal diets is facing negative feedback due to the hidden danger of drug residues to human health. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine has been used to replace antibiotics in the past two decades and played an increasingly important role in livestock production. The present study was carried out to assess the feeding effects of a traditional nourishing Chinese herbal medicine mixture on kinetics of plasma glucose, protein and energy metabolism in sheep. Ruminal fermentation characteristics were also determined.

Methods

Four sheep were fed on either mixed hay (MH-diet) or MH-diet supplemented with 2% of Chinese herbal medicine (mixture of Astragalus root, Angelica root and Atractylodes rhizome; CHM-diet) over two 35-day periods using a crossover design. The turnover rate of plasma glucose was measured with an isotope dilution method using [U-¹³C]glucose. The rates of plasma leucine turnover and leucine oxidation, whole body protein synthesis (WBPS) and metabolic heat production were measured using the [1-¹³C]leucine dilution and open circuit calorimetry.

Results

Body weight gain of sheep was higher (P = 0.03) for CHM-diet than for MH-diet. Rumen pH was lower (P = 0.02), concentration of rumen total volatile fatty acid tended to be higher (P = 0.05) and acetate was higher (P = 0.04) for CHM-diet than for MH-diet. Turnover rates of plasma glucose and leucine did not differ between diets. Oxidation rate of leucine tended to be higher (P = 0.06) for CHM-diet than for MH-diet, but the WBPS did not differ between diets. Metabolic heat production tended to be greater (P = 0.05) for CHM-diet than for MH-diet.

Conclusions

The sheep fed on CHM-diet had a higher body weight gain and showed positive impacts on rumen fermentation and energy metabolism without resulting in any adverse response. Therefore, these results suggested that the Chinese herbal medicine mixture should be considered as a potential feed additive for sheep.     

中草药复方多糖对肉鸡肠道菌群及免疫功能的影响

为探讨中草药复方多糖(CHCP)对鸡肠道菌群、新城疫(ND-HI)抗体效价及血清补体C3、C4含量的影响,试验选用200羽1日龄商品代AA雏肉鸡,随机分为4组,每组50羽,于7、28 d进行ND疫苗免疫,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在基础日粮中分别添加200、400、600 mg/kg的CHCP,试验期为42 d。结果表明:试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的鸡盲肠内双歧杆菌分别较对照组提高3.19%(P> 0.05)、9.79%、6.82%(P <0.05),乳酸杆菌分别提高8.08%(P <0.05)、17.45%、16.86%(P <0.01);Ⅱ、Ⅲ组大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的数量分别较对照组降低14.34%、12.15%和16.19%、16.61%(P <0.01);14 d时,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的ND-HI抗体效价与对照组相比分别提高9.80%、17.32%、13.56%(P <0.05),28、42 d时,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组效果最为显著,分别比对照组提高36.12%、25.79%和35.98%、30.18%(P <0.01);血清中补体C3、C4的含量与对照组相比均显著提高(P <0.05)。综上所述,在鸡的日粮中添加一定量的CHCP可促进有益菌的增殖,改善肉鸡肠道内环境,提高鸡的免疫功能。且以400 mg/kg和600 mg/kg的量添加效果最好,从经济角度考虑,400 mg/kg CHCP为最佳添加量。     

饲料中添加发酵中草药对蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能、血清生化指标和脂代谢的影响

试验旨在研究发酵中草药对京红蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能、血清生化指标和脂代谢的影响.选取体重相近、饲养管理水平一致的54周龄京红蛋鸡480只,随机分为2组,每组4个重复,每个重复60只蛋鸡.对照组蛋鸡饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加4 g/kg发酵中草药.预试期10 d,正式试验期56 d.结果显示:与对照组相比,试验组...     

肉仔鸡日粮中添加补益生长素效果探讨

在肉仔鸡日粮中分别添加0.5%、1%和2%由黄荆、黄芪、白术、紫菊、山药、常春藤、四季青、白芍、陈皮、甘草配成的补益生长素进行饲喂效果试验研究。结果表明,含1%补益生长素的试验2组比未添加补益生长素的对照组以及含0.5%补益生长素的试验1组和含2%补益生长素的试验3组肉仔鸡平均日增重分别提高12.89%、10.24%和12.26%(P0.05),饲料增重比分别降低了12.91%、8.17%和9.59%(P0.05),日粮中分别添加0.5%和2%补益生长素的试验组与对照组差异均不显著(P0.05)。添加补益生长素以1%比例为佳,并能改善肉仔鸡生产性能。     

中药甜菜碱复方对高温环境下三黄鸡某些血液生化指标的影响

试验选取15日龄的三黄鸡288只,随机分为8组。高温对照组仅喂基础日粮,中药Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.4%、0.8%、1.2%的中药,中药-甜菜碱Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.4%中药-0.2%甜菜碱、0.8%中药-0.2%甜菜碱、1.2%中药-0.2%甜菜碱,甜菜碱组在基础日粮中添加0.2%甜菜碱,探讨中药甜菜碱复方对高温环境下三黄鸡血液生化指标的影响。结果:①42日龄,在日粮中添加1.2%中药-0.2%甜菜碱试验组0.8%中药-0.2%甜菜碱试验组母鸡血清血糖含量分别比高温对照组高26.5%(P<0.05)、19.4%(P<0.05);在日粮中添加1.2%中药-0.2%甜菜碱试验组公鸡血清血糖含量比高温对照组高24.3%(P<0.05);②42日龄,在日粮中添加1.2%中药-0.2%甜菜碱试验组母鸡血清白蛋白含量比高温对照组高34.5%(P<0.05);在日粮中添加1.2%中药-0.2%甜菜碱试验组公鸡血清白蛋白含量比高温对照组高18.8%(P<0.05)。试验结果表明,中药甜菜碱复方能提高高温环境下三黄鸡血清总蛋白、白蛋白、血糖的含量,以在日粮中添加1.2%中药-0.2%甜菜碱复方效果最明显。