蛋氨酸羟基类似物钙盐与DL-蛋氨酸在吉富罗非鱼幼鱼中应用效果的比较研究

以吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)幼鱼为实验材料,添加不同水平的MHA-Ca(蛋氨酸羟基类似物钙盐)和DL-蛋氨酸,比较两种不同蛋氨酸源在罗非鱼中的利用效率.结果表明:在饲料中额外添加DL-蛋氨酸,能够显著改善罗非鱼的生长性能,而MHA-Ca的作用不及DL-蛋氨酸明显.通过对两种不同蛋氨酸源的特定生长率(SGR)进行多指数回归分析,结果表明,MHA-Ca的生物利用率显著低于DL-蛋氨酸生物利用率.由此可知,蛋氨酸羟基类似物的利用率远低于DL-蛋氨酸.因此,在购买饲料和制作低成本罗非鱼饲料时,应考虑到这种营养价值上的差异.     

酵母替代鱼粉饲养尼罗罗非鱼试验

<正> 1.材料与方法供试酵母为本所产品,粗蛋白含量为60.33％,粗脂肪7.76％。鱼粉为秘鲁进口鱼粉,粗蛋白含量为62.9％。供试鱼取自辽阳市汤河鱼种场,分6组,每组40尾,分别在水族箱中饲养。试验前进行7天驯养,正试期30天。对照组饲用基础饲料,其配方为:鱼粉10％、豆饼30％、麦麸35％、玉米粉25％、豆油0.5％、添加剂0.5％;试1、2、3、4、5组分别以酵母代替基础配方中鱼粉含量的20％、40％、60％、80％、100％。各组饲料营养成分见表1。试验期间控制水温24℃左右,溶氧6毫克/升以上。日投饵量为体重的5％左右,采取定时适量的投饵方式。最后根据鱼的肥满度、增重、病理和成分变化来评价饲料效果。     

罗非鱼的饲料营养来源甚广

病毒性疾病是养虾业,尤其是集约化养虾业中的一个世界性问题。为此,精明的养虾者已开始“轮换”饲养,即重新放养或更替放养罗非鱼(如尼罗罗非鱼、莫桑比克罗非鱼、金色罗非鱼。等)。这些温水鱼类可抵抗困扰热带虾类的多种疫病(Stickney,1994)。同时,罗非鱼可生存于大多数其它鱼类不能生存的恶劣水质环境中。另外,各种各样的饲料原料均可维持罗非鱼的最佳生长。 但是,罗非鱼的生产养殖系统和营养极具弹性,这可能使水产饲料供应商面临挑战。罗非鱼     

蛋氨酸来源调控机体蛋氨酸代谢的研究进展

蛋氨酸是畜禽必需氨基酸之一,常用蛋氨酸类添加物包括DL-蛋氨酸(DL-methionine,DLM)和蛋氨酸羟基类似物(Methionine hydroxyl analogue,MHA)等。关于此两类蛋氨酸源生物学效价研究较多,但结果并不一致,因此近年来的研究试图揭示不同蛋氨酸源调控蛋氨酸代谢的规律,以寻求效价异同的理化机制。本文综述了近年来有关蛋氨酸源在动物体内吸收和代谢方面的研究,以便为正确评价其生物学效价和在生产实践中合理使用提供理论依据。     

饲料BE酵母代替鱼粉饲养罗非鱼试验

在严格控制生态条件相同的情况下,用天津大邱庄饲料酵母总厂的饲料BE酵母代替粗蛋白质的含量为56%的鱼粉,制作罗非鱼人工配合颗粒饲料.使饲料中鱼粉的含量分别减少100%、70%、50%。再与含鱼粉10%的颗粒饲料进行对比试验。试验结果证明,饲料BE酵母是能代替鱼粉的。现将试验情况报告如下:一、试验材料分析与方法:1、试验鱼是当年繁殖的尼罗罗非鱼(Tilapia nilotica)。个体重60—85克。2、饲料,参照常规罗非鱼人工配合饲料的营养成分,采用本地易得的豆饼、麦麸、统     

蛋氨酸、赖氨酸替代部分豆饼和鱼粉饲喂肉鸡试验

蛋氨酸、赖氨酸替代部分豆饼和鱼粉饲喂肉鸡试验安徽农业技术师范学院孙素玲，牛常青１．材料和方法供试鸡为ＡＡ商品代３日龄鸡４００只，由安徽农业技术师范学院实验牧场提供。将鸡随机均分为对照组和试验组。试期２８天。各组日粮组成及日粮营养水平见表１。鸡自由采食...     

对罗非鱼小鱼制备鱼粉的探讨

[目的]为了开发罗非鱼小鱼资源,利用罗非鱼小鱼直接制备鱼粉.[方法]对相应鱼粉的主要营养成分和蛋白质胃蛋白酶消化率进行了测定.[结果]小于100 g罗非鱼鱼粉的主要营养成分和蛋白质胃蛋白酶消化率达到了特级鱼粉的质量要求.[结论]利用罗非鱼小鱼生产鱼粉的方案可行,鱼鳞粉蛋白质含量、胃蛋白酶消化率虽不及罗非鱼鱼粉,但可以充当配合饲料使用,使营养更加均衡.     

硒与蛋氨酸互作关系研究进展

本文分别从硒的生物学功能和体内代谢、蛋氨酸的生物学功能和体内代谢、硒与蛋氨酸互作关系的生化基础、硒与蛋氨酸的互作关系以及硒与蛋氨酸互作对动物的影响等五个方面综述,为今后进一步研究硒和蛋氨酸的互作效应及在畜牧生产中科学应用硒和蛋氨酸提供参考。     

Bath immersion pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Drug administration by immersion can be a preferable method in certain conditions especially for treating small-sized, anorexic, or valuable fish. Pharmacokinetic information regarding bath treatment is considerably lacking in comparison to other common administration routes. The current study aimed to investigate if immersion can be an effective route to administer florfenicol (FF) for treatment in Nile tilapia. Nile tilapia reared at 28°C were immersed with FF solution at concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 500, and 500/200 (3 hr/117 hr) ppm for 120 hr and moved to drug-free freshwater for another 24 hr. The serum FF concentration in 100, 200, and 500/200 ppm groups reached steady-state at 12 hr with concentrations of 2.44, 3.04, and 5.26 µg/ml, respectively, which were about 2% of the bathing concentrations. The target therapeutic levels of 1–4 µg/ml were attained and maintained within 1–12 hr, depending on the immersion concentration and the target MIC. Serum FF reached the target with shorter time at higher bathing concentration. Following the 120-hr bath, the serum FF declined with the first-order half-life of approximately 10 hr. A minimum of 100 ppm FF is required for treatment purpose, and an initial high loading concentration followed by maintenance concentration is a plausible way to reach in vivo therapeutic level in short time. Greater than 99% of the residual FF in the bathing water could be removed within 15 min by 0.05% NaOCl. Our results indicated that bath immersion is a promising potential route for FF administration in Nile tilapia.     

罗非鱼低鱼粉饲料中脱酚棉籽蛋白替代鱼粉的研究

在实用饲料(含鱼粉6.0％,鱼粉粗蛋白质含量为64.5％)的基础上,用脱酚棉籽蛋白分别替代0、50％和100％的鱼粉,配制成3种等氮等能的试验饲料,以研究罗非鱼低鱼粉饲料中脱酚棉籽蛋白替代鱼粉的可行性.将270尾平均体重为50 g的雄性吉富罗非鱼随机分成3组(每组设3个重复,每个重复30尾),其中饲喂替代水平为0的试验...     

低鱼粉饲料对罗非鱼生长性能影响的研究

以奥尼罗非鱼为饲养对象研究低鱼粉饲料对罗非鱼生长性能的影响。将500尾个体大小相似(35.12±0.80 g)的罗非鱼随机放入25个已消毒的圆形水族箱(高1 m、直径80 cm)中,平均每箱20尾。将25箱罗非鱼分为5组,每组5个重复,分别标号记录,按照要求给各组饲喂对照组饲料和4种不同的低鱼粉饲料,并在试验期间测定各组罗非鱼的体重、体长、全长和体高等数据。结果表明,各试验组罗非鱼的增重情况、体长增长量、全长增长量及体高增长量等与对照组罗非鱼之间无显著差异(P0.05)。利用低鱼粉饲料饲养罗非鱼是可行的。     

Hematology and plasma chemistry reference intervals for cultured tilapia (Oreochromis hybrid)

Abstract: Tilapia are a commonly aquacultured fish yet little is known about their normal physiology and response to disease. In this study we determined the results of complete hematologic (n = 40) and plasma biochemical profiles (n = 63) in production tilapia ( Oreochromis hybrids). The fish were raised in recirculating systems with a high stocking density (120 g/L), and were in the middle of a 15-month production cycle. Blood was analyzed using standard techniques, and reference intervals were determined using nonparametric methods. Non-production tilapia (n = 15) from low-density tanks (4 g/L) also were sampled; the clinical chemistry results were compared to reference intervals from the fish raised in high-density tanks. Differences were noted in plasma protein, calcium and phosphorus concentrations, such that reference intervals for high-density production tilapia were not applicable to fish raised under different environmental and management conditions.     

不同处理方式豆角茎粉对罗非鱼生长性能、体成分及血液生化指标的影响

文章旨在评估通过浸泡和高压处理豆角茎粉对罗非鱼生长性能、体成分及血液生化指标的影响.试验将体重一致的864条罗非鱼随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复36条.对照组罗非鱼饲喂不含豆角茎粉的日粮,T1～T3组分别饲喂25％未处理的豆角茎粉、25％浸泡豆角茎粉和25％高压处理豆角茎粉日粮.结果:对照组罗非鱼的末重、相对增重...     

过瘤胃蛋氮酸及其有效性的研究进展

日粮中添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸是增加奶牛小肠可代谢蛋氨酸最直接有效的方法.本文主要就过瘤胃蛋氨酸的类型及保护原理、过瘤胃效果的检测方法及其蛋氨酸有效性的比较进行了综述.     

Growth performance and metabolic efficiency in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) fed on a diet containing Jatropha platyphylla kernel meal as a protein source

Jatropha platyphylla is available on the pacific coast from Sinaloa to Michoacán including the Nayarit and Jalisco states in Mexico. The seeds of J. platyphylla are rich in oil and protein, and the kernel meal (JPKM) prepared after oil extraction contains 70-75% crude protein (CP). Contents of essential amino acids (except lysine) are higher in JPKM than in soybean meal (SBM). Phorbol-esters, the main toxin present in most Jatropha species is absent in J. platyphylla. Heat-treated JPKM (H-JPKM) was evaluated as a protein supplement in tilapia feed and compared with that of SBM and fish meal (FM). Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) fingerlings (15 fish; av. body mass 13.9 ± 0.17 g) were randomly distributed in three groups with five replicates each. A 12-week experiment was conducted in a respirometer system to evaluate the growth performance, nutrient utilization and energy budget. Nile tilapia fingerlings were fed three iso-nitrogenous diets (36% CP): Control containing FM, and Jatropha and Soybean diets in which 62.5% of FM protein was replaced by H-JPKM and SBM respectively. The growth performance, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, apparent lipid conversion and energy retention did not differ significantly among the three groups. Higher protein productive value was observed in plant protein fed groups. Average metabolic rate, energy expenditure per g protein fed and retained in the body did not differ significantly among the three groups. Conclusively, Nile tilapia fed plant protein (heated JPKM and SBM) and FM protein-based diets exhibited equal average metabolic rate which indicate that JPKM can be used as a protein source in aqua feed.     

鱼类脂溶性维生素营养研究进展

本文就鱼类脂溶性维生素A、维生素D、维生素E和维生素K的需要量及其生理功能作一综述,旨在为鱼类维生素营养研究,鱼类全价配合饲料开发,脂溶性维生素合理使用提供参考。     

Effects of methionine partially replaced by methionyl‐methionine dipeptide on intestinal function in methionine‐deficient pregnant mice

This study was to compare the effects of parenteral supplementation of methionyl‐methionine (Met‐Met) or Met on intestinal barrier function in Met‐deficient pregnant mice. Pregnant mice were randomly divided into three groups. The Control group was provided a diet containing Met and received i.p. injection of saline. The Met group was fed the same diet but without Met and received daily i.p. injection of 35% of the Met contained in the control diet. The Met‐Met group was treated the same as the Met group, except that 25% of the Met injected was replaced with Met‐Met. Met‐Met promoted villus surface area in ileum compared with Met alone. In addition, the mRNA abundance of amino acid and glucose transporters in the small intestine was altered with Met‐Met. Moreover, Met‐Met increased tight junction protein and decreased apoptosis‐related proteins expression in the jejunum and ileum. These results suggest that Met‐Met can promote intestinal function over Met alone in Met‐deficient mice.