四川畜牧业科技工作的形势和任务

本文详细阐述了四川畜牧业当前面临的形势和任务,对目前四川畜牧科技工作提出了树立"六种意识",抓好"六项工作"的意见.结合"十五"四川畜牧业的规划,在实现畜牧业现代化生产等方面,提出了建立健全"五大体系"、发展"六个优先领域"、开发"六大关键技术"的建议;在实现畜牧业现代管理与技术监控等方面,提出了建立"四大体系、六个中心";实施"八个重点科技项目"的思路.     

Primary ocular melanoma in dogs

The clinical signs, gross and microscopic appearance, treatment, and follow-up results of 35 dogs with primary ocular melanomas are reviewed. The melanomas are classified as epibulbar or intraocular based on the site of origin. The intraocular tumors are classified as spindle A, spindle B, mixed spindle B and epithelioid, and purely epithelioid based on cytologic criteria. The pathologic findings are matched with the follow-up history in an attempt to determine which features have prognostic significance. The findings are contrasted to those of similar studies of spontaneous ocular melanomas in man.     

Microscopic anatomy of the lower respiratory tract of the grey short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica)

The respiratory tracts of seven grey short-tailed opossums were histologically examined. Six opossums were prepared by perfusion with buffered formalin. Opossum seven was perfused with gluteraldehyde. Samples taken from the respiratory passages and lungs of specimens 1-6 were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. A mixture of methylene and azure blue was used for specimen 7. The trachea and right and left principal bronchi are lined with a pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with occasional goblet cells. The secondary and tertiary bronchi and the primary and secondary bronchioles are lined by a simple ciliated columnar epithelium. The terminal bronchioles and a portion of the respiratory bronchioles are lined by a simple ciliated cuboidal epithelium. The terminal portion of the respiratory bronchioles and the alveolar ducts are lined with simple squamous epithelium. Alveoli are lined by type I and II pneumocytes. Tracheal glands are present in the tela submucosa. The fibromusculocartilaginous tunic of the trachea consists of c-shaped cartilage rings and the trachealis muscle. A lamina muscularis mucosa begins in the intrapulmonary portion of the principal bronchus and continues into the respiratory bronchioles. Bronchial glands are present in the propria submucosa and tela submucosa of the principal bronchi. The musculocartilaginous tunic is localized to the extrapulmonary portion of the principal bronchus. The bronchial cartilages are irregular shaped plates and limited to the extrapulmonary portion of the principal bronchus. The visceral pleura is a simple squamous mesothelium covering the outer surface of the lung.     

Hypersensitivity skin testing of lambs infested with the biting louse (Bovicola ovis)

Abstract Cockle, a defect of lamb's pelts, has recently been shown to be associated with infestation of lambs with the louse Bovicoh ovis. The mechanisms by which infestation with the louse leads to cockle are not known, but immunological hypersensitivity has been suggested. The objectives of our work are to determine if lambs respond immunologically to lice and, if so, whether hypersensitivity occurs. Preliminary results are presented here.     

番鸭呼肠孤病毒非结构基因的克隆和序列分析

参考GenBank禽呼肠孤病毒(Avian Reovirus,ARV)和番鸭呼肠孤病毒(Muscovy Duck Reovirus,MDRV)非结构基因(NS)序列设计合成一对引物,对番鸭呼肠孤病毒S14和C4株NS基因进行RT-PCR扩增,克隆到pMD18-T载体中,并对克隆产物进行酶切鉴定和测序;番鸭呼肠孤病毒NS基因由1 291 bp核苷酸组成,与禽呼肠孤病毒NS基因相比,在非编码区第1155位少一个碱基,本文第一次证实1291bp是番鸭呼肠孤病毒NS基因特有的长度;番鸭呼肠孤病毒S14和C4株NS基因的5'末端和3'末端分别为5‘GCTTTT和TCATC-3',是禽类呼肠孤病毒基因末端特有的碱基序列,S14和C4株NS基因的的有效阅读框(24～1127bp)编码367个氨基酸组成的蛋白,分子量约为40kDa;番鸭呼肠孤病毒S14和C4株NS蛋白等电点分别是7.3和7.0,GC含量分别为54.26%和53.71%,番鸭呼肠孤病毒S14和C4株NS基因间核苷酸同源性为99.3%,仅有4个氨基酸差异,S14和C4与法国番鸭呼肠孤病毒89026株NS基因核苷酸同源性分别为87.8%和87.9%,与鸡关节炎病毒S1133 NS基因同源性分别为79.0%和79.3%;进化树分析表明本研究中的两株番鸭呼肠孤病毒非结构基因(NS)与番鸭呼肠孤病毒的亲缘关系比禽呼肠孤病毒近的多,建议番鸭呼肠孤病毒应归属为正呼肠孤病毒属第二个亚群中不同于禽和内尔森贝海湾呼肠病毒独立基因群.     

喹诺酮类药物耐药性现状与分析

喹诺酮类药物是一类合成广谱抗菌药,尤其是近年来合成的氟喹诺酮类药物,因其使用剂量低、抗菌谱广、疗效好而被广泛应用于临床。然而,随着临床用量的增加和使用范围的不断扩大,细菌耐药性问题也随之出现,并且发展迅速。国际社会也已意识到这一问题的严重性。本文介绍了喹诺酮类药物耐药性的发展现状及由此产生的严重后果。对其耐药性产生的机制,即基因突变、细菌的主动排药系统及细菌的获得耐药性进行了分析,并提出一些相关对策。     

皮埃蒙特牛超数排卵及胚胎移植试验

用国产激素ＦＳＨ、氯前列烯醇对皮埃蒙特纯种肉牛进行二批次共４头超数排卵，回收胚胎２０枚，平均每头采卵５枚，平均每头采可用胚３．７５枚，超排有效率７５％，用南阳母牛作受体牛，共移植鲜胚１０枚，鲜胚移植受胎率５０％。     

Hypersensitivity skin testing of lambs infested with the biting louse (Bovicola ovis)

Cockle, a defect of lamb's pelts, has recently been shown to be associated with infestation of lambs with the louse Bovicoh ovis. The mechanisms by which infestation with the louse leads to cockle are not known, but immunological hypersensitivity has been suggested. The objectives of our work are to determine if lambs respond immunologically to lice and, if so, whether hypersensitivity occurs. Preliminary results are presented here.     

4种雀稗种子萌发期耐盐性的测定

用不同浓度的盐溶液处理4种雀稗种子,以研究不同盐浓度对各种雀稗种子相对发芽势、相对发芽率、相对胚芽、相对胚根的影响。结果表明,低盐浓度处理对部分雀稗种子萌发、胚芽、胚根的生长和发芽势都有一定的促进作用;随着盐处理浓度增高,发芽率和发芽势呈下降趋势,胚芽、胚根的生长也受到抑制,但也有例外。不同浓度的盐胁迫下雀稗种子的适应情况不同,同一雀稗种子在萌发时对不同盐浓度的适应情况也不同。     

Biofilms and their relevance to veterinary medicine

Bacteria are renowned for their ability to tolerate and adapt to a wide range of adverse environmental conditions. The primary mechanism that facilitates these adaptations is thought to be the capacity to form and maintain biofilms. Within a biofilm, bacteria become attached to a surface where they exist in complex communities which are able to interact with each other through intracellular communication and thus rapidly adapt to changing environments. The organisms within biofilms are notorious for their resistance towards the host immune response and antibacterial agents compared to their free-living planktonic counterparts. Consequently, biofilms are of significant importance to both clinical and veterinary science. However, although bacterial infections are widely reported in animals their association with biofilms is rarely discussed. The aim of this review is to look at the characteristics of biofilm infections in humans and to relate this knowledge to veterinary science in order to assess their relevance in this area.     

云南马龙县山地草甸群落结构分析

对云南马龙县山地草甸植物群落进行调查并运用2×2列联表、x²检验法对该群落的15个主要植物种进行种间相关分析以及物种多样性分析。结果表明:该地区植物群落主要由27个植物种组成,隶属12个科26个属;优势种为白茅(Imperata cylindrica)和西南委陵菜(Potentilla fulgens);群落主要植物种间多呈不显著关联,群落丰富度指数低,物种多样性散失,Simpson生态优势度指数低;草甸生产力低,总盖度70%,饲用草本植物较少,出现大量有毒有害植物,其重要值之和占总重要值的36.29%,草甸呈现过牧退化现象。     

猪巴氏杆菌病的发生与气候因素相关性研究

对猪巴氏杆菌病的发生与气候因素(温度、相对湿度、降雨量、日照时数)的相关性进行了分析研究.结果表明,该病的发生与气候因素有一定的相关性.与温度、相对湿度、日照时数呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.249 4,0.361 9和0.039 6;与降雨量呈负相关,相关系数为-0.2 366,但差异均不显著,说明在防治疾病时,应考虑这些气候因素,但不是主要因素.     

Fracture repair with transfixation pins and fiberglass cast in llamas and small ruminants

Transfixation pinning with fiberglass casting is an effective and adaptable method of longbone fracture fixation in llamas and small ruminants. Treatment of fractures in 7 limbs of 4 llamas and 2 small ruminants with this technique are described. Steinmann pins are placed transcortically proximal, and if necessary, distal to the fracture. The pin ends and limb are encased in fiberglass cast material. The cast is strong enough in animals of this size to eliminate the need for external frames or connecting bars. Severely comminuted fractures and fractures near joints are especially suited to fixation with this technique. Complications encountered in these cases included loosening of pins and one delayed union. All fractures healed to permit full use of the limb.     

体细胞克隆山羊"元元"肺的形态学观察

动物体细胞克隆是指由一个体细胞产生一个和亲代遗传基因一致、形态非常相像的动物。体细胞克隆已相继在牛、小鼠、山羊、猪、野牛、马、猫、大鼠等动物上取得成功。2000年6月中旬,西北农林科技大学生物工程研究所利用成年山羊耳部皮肤成纤维细胞作为核供体,获得两只体细胞克隆山羊——“元元”和“阳阳”。“元元”因呼吸衰竭仅存活36．05h。为了了解“元元”肺的发育情况,作者对“元元”的肺进行了肉眼、光镜和透射电镜观察。     

Shoulder lameness in horses: an analysis of 58 suspected cases

The results of a detailed investigation of 58 horses with suspected shoulder lameness are described. Lameness was found to originate distal to the shoulder region in 22 horses. No diagnosis was reached in five horses. Genuine shoulder problems occurred in 29 horses. The clinical signs of shoulder lameness are described and contrasted with lower limb lameness. The limitations of currently available diagnostic techniques are discussed. Problems identified in the shoulder region included osteochondritis dissecans, subchondral bone cysts, arthrosis, fracture, luxation, septic arthritis and soft tissue damage. Some of the differences between osteochondritis dissecans and subchondral bone cysts are described and it is suggested that these are two separate conditions.     

HOW THE MACH PHENOMENON AND SHAPE AFFECT THE RADIOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE OF SKELETAL STRUCTURES

The shape of skeletal structures and their position relative to the x-ray beam have a considerable effect on their radiographic appearance. Depending on the thickness of the cortical or subchondral bone, skeletal structures display the characteristics of either homogeneous or compound lamellar structures. Convex homogeneous structures are associated with a negative Mach line, and concave homogeneous structures are associated with a positive Mach line. Convex compound lamellar structures are associated with a negative Mach band and visualization of the lamina (subchondral or cortical bone) is reduced. Concave compound lamellar structures are associated with a positive Mach band and visualization of the lamina is enhanced. The combined effect of Mach phenomenon, shape, and thickness enhances visualization of some skeletal surfaces and make others imperceptible. These principles are very useful to correctly identify complex skeletal structures and avoid misinterpretations.     

Muscle relaxants in canine anaesthesia 2: Clinical application

There are a variety of factors which are likely to influence the action of muscle relaxants in canine anaesthesia. These include age, body temperature and muscle diseases. Of the anaesthetic agents it is only the inhalational anaesthetic agents which significantly increase the duration of action of muscle relaxants. Antibiotic therapy particularly with the aminoglycoside antibiotics is likely to increase their duration of action. The indications for the use of muscle relaxants and the main contraindications such as the absence of anaesthetic equipment and the inability to ensure unconsciousness are discussed. The choice of anaesthetic technique together with a discussion on the premedication induction and maintenance of anaesthesia are important factors when using relaxants as is the technique of artificial ventilation. The various advantages and disadvantages of neuromuscular block monitoring are discussed as is the reversal of neuromuscular block.     

一种适合稻区紫云英生产实际的紫云英加工调制方式

将紫云英鲜草分离为草汁、细渣、纤维状渣；以粉状能量精料为载体吸收汁液；3种制品都以晾晒的方式进行干燥。晾晒时，3种制品综合占场面积较原草减少近90％；3种制品均可在一个晴日内风干，比原草干燥速度提高一倍余；细渣品质与国标一级苜蓿草粉相当；“二次拌汁料”、“三次拌汁料”之粗蛋白、粗纤维含量符合生长肥育猪饲养标准；加工方式切合稻区紫云英生产实际及产区综合条件，有推广价值，且易推广。     

Epidural analgesia in the dog and cat

SUMMARY: A brief outline of the history of epidural analgesia is followed by a review of the anatomy of the epidural space with particular reference to epidural block. The technique of epidural injection in the dog is described as are the indications for the technique. These include the provision of anaesthesia for such procedures as orthopaedic surgery of the hind limb and caesarian section. The cardiovascular effects of epidural block are discussed and suggestions are made for the prevention of hypotension. The various drugs and their combinations which may be used for epidural administration are outlined. The commonest used local anaesthetic agents are bupivacaine and lidocaine. Epidural administration of opioid drugs is a relatively new technique which is used to provide intra- and post-operative analgesia. Morphine is the drug of choice for this indication.The use of other classes of drugs, such as the alpha 2 agonists and ketamine, are also considered. A variety of side-effects, contra-indications and complications are described together with methods for reducing their incidence and effects.     

Neoplasms of the spine.

Although the treatment of central nervous system neoplasms generally is unrewarding, some animals with spinal neoplasia may, for a variety of reasons, be successfully managed for extended periods of time. The veterinary profession has greater experience with spinal surgery than with intracranial surgery. As a result, surgeons are more willing to attempt and more successful at removing or debulking spinal neoplasms. Additionally, there are more affordable and accessible diagnostic procedures available to evaluate the spinal cord than there are to evaluate the brain. Finally, the majority of tumors that affect the spinal cord are extramedullary and are therefore amenable to attempts to remove them surgically.