皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai Ino)浅海养殖技术探讨

从山东烟台引进皱纹盘鲍子一代种苗，在罗源湾岗屿周边海域养殖，经过二年的试养取得可喜结果，以寻求鲍优高养殖品种，解决现有盘鲍种质严重退化的棘手问题。改善鲍鱼的种质，从而推进养鲍业的健康持续发展。     

不同卵色皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)幼鲍的生长与免疫比较

随机选取100只经过480 d养殖的3♀×10♂绿卵全同胞家系子一代(F1)的皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)幼鲍为实验材料,进行雌雄、卵色分类后,测量所有样本总重、壳长、壳宽等生长指标,并测定不同卵色幼鲍的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和溶菌酶(LZM)的活性,进行单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA)。结果显示,在生长方面,不同卵色幼鲍的各生长指标无显著差异(P0.05),但绿卵幼鲍的各生长指标均高于其他3种卵色;在免疫酶活性方面,4种卵色幼鲍在SOD和CAT活性上无显著差异(P0.05),绿卵幼鲍的AKP、ACP和LZM 3种酶的活性与棕色和棕红色卵幼鲍存在显著差异(P0.05),而与棕绿色卵幼鲍无显著差异,其酶活性从高到低按卵色排列依次为绿色、棕绿色、棕色和棕红色。上述研究结果可为利用卵色选育皱纹盘鲍高产抗逆新品系提供依据。     

不同密度的皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai Ino)与仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus Selenka)混养的研究

在水温13.0~23.0℃、容积50L(45cm×31cm×30cm)的塑料水槽中,分别放养5、10和20个重(2.7±0.7)g的皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discushannai Ino),多量投喂海带,再分别混养0和5头重(1.8±0.5)g的仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus Selenka),不投喂。153d的饲养表明,在相同密度下,混养鲍的特殊生长率(SGR)和成活率依次比单养高16.6%、5.7%;7.1%、7.1%;1.9%、10.4%;饲料系数降低了11.7%、5.8%、2.4%。与单养池相比,混养池水中氨氮含量低而稳,溶氧量高。文中讨论了鲍与仿刺参混养的适宜比例和方式。     

Are hatchery‐reared abalone naïve of predators? Comparing the behaviours of wild and hatchery‐reared northern abalone,Haliotis kamtschatkana (Jonas, 1845)

Abalone populations have declined worldwide, generating interest in enhancement using hatchery‐reared individuals. In many cases, such restoration efforts have met with limited success due to high predator‐induced mortality rates. Furthermore, the mortality rates of outplanted hatchery abalone are often considerably higher than for wild individuals. This study uses northern abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana) as a case study to determine whether hatchery‐reared abalone behave differently than their wild counterparts. In the field, outplanted hatchery‐reared abalone were significantly less responsive than wild abalone, in terms of number of abalone responding and intensity of response, to nearby movement and to physical contact with an inert probe. Also, when encountering a cue to which all abalone responded (a seastar predator), hatchery‐reared individuals remained subdued. Anti‐predator behavioural deficits in hatchery‐reared abalone were more pronounced in 4‐year‐old individuals than in 1‐year‐old individuals, suggesting an influence of either age or amount of time spent in the hatchery environment. These behavioural differences are expected to increase the vulnerability of hatchery‐reared abalone to predators, and are likely a major cause of their elevated predator‐induced mortality when outplanted.