烟草原生质体再生植株的影响因子

原生质体培养和植株再生技术是植物生物工程的基础，植物原生质体的来源、酶解的条件、培养基的组成、培养方法等对原生质体的培养有很大的影响。本文着重对影响烟草原生质体培养再生植株的相关因素进行了综合论述，并讨论了原生质体培养技术在植物育种上的应用潜力。     

大豆幼荚子叶原生质体培养及植株再生

本文研究了13个栽培大豆（Glycine max L.）品种原生质体培养的再生能力。从大豆幼荚子叶酶解游离原生质体,用Gellan Gum进行株状包埋,悬浮在含2,4-D 0.1-0.2mg/L,BA0.5-1.0mg/L的改良MS液体培养基中,原生质体培养3天后开始第一次分裂,以后持续分裂。供试基因型间的10天植板率差异显著,变幅为33-67%。30天内形成大量的     

玉米原生质体培养及可育植株的再生

由玉米获白×莱1029的幼胚诱导愈伤组织,经改造后进行液体悬浮培养,获得了优良的、有再生能力的悬浮细胞系。用其分离原生质体,采用4种方式进行培养,最高原生质体植板率达到1.2％。原生质体再生的小愈伤组织,通过分步诱导分化法,获得了5株完整的绿色植株,经进一步的壮苗培养后,移栽到土壤中全部成活,最终雄穗结籽。后代植株育性正常。     

烟草云85叶肉原生质体培养再生植株及影响因素的研究

以烟草云85无菌苗为材料，成功地将烟草叶肉原生质体培养出再生植株。并同时就烟草叶肉原生质体的酶解条件、基本培养基及培养基中的激素组成等因素对植株再生的影响进行了研究和探索。     

波缘烟草和枸杞属间原生质体融合再生杂种小植株

分别利用碘乙酰胺（ＩＯＡ）和６０Ｃｏ－ｙ射线失活波缘烟草和枸杞的原生质体，然后用改良ＰＥＧ方法诱导融合。结果表明，异种融合频率为３％左右。利用超氧歧化酶对５０个随机选取的细胞系进行同工酶分析发现，９个细胞系为可能的杂种细胞系。对其中４个分化出小植株的可能杂种细胞系进行叶片酯酶同工酶分析，证实它们均为体细胞杂种，杂种小植株在形态上兼有以亲特点且难以生根。细胞学观察指出，这４个杂种细胞系中的３个为可能     

陆地棉原生质体培养与植株再生

以陆地棉品种“珂字２０１”为材料,比较了ＩＡＡ＋ＫＴ和２,４－Ｄ＋ＫＴ在愈伤诱导和悬浮培养中的效应,结果表明：愈伤组织诱导中,ＩＡＡ和２,４－Ｄ表现为正效应,且２,４－Ｄ的效应强于ＩＡＡ;ＫＴ表现为负效应;胚性愈人务悬浮培养中;３种激素都表现出负效应。以胚性细胞悬浮系了原生质体的分离和培养试验,分离原生质体的最佳酶组合为纤维素酶３％＋果胶酶１．５％,原生质体培养的最佳激素为ＩＡＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋Ｋ     

苎麻悬浮细胞原生质体培养再生植株

苎麻品种浏阳大叶绿的子叶在含有２，４－Ｄ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ、ＫＴ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＭＳＢ固体培养基上，形成愈伤组织。愈伤组织经３￣４次继代培养后作液体振荡培养，产生悬浮细胞系。从悬浮系分离的原生质体，只有以海藻酸钠包埋方式培养在ＫＭ８Ｐ培养基中，５０天左右才能形成肉眼可见的小愈伤组织。该愈伤组织在附加２，４－Ｄ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ、６－ＢＡ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＭＳＢ生长培养基上增殖，然后转入附加６－ＢＡ２．０ｍｇ     

莲子胚培养再生植株及原生质体分离的研究

以莲子胚为外植体建立江溪红莲离体培养再生体系,并以所得再生植株的展开叶片为材料,摸索原生质体分离的条件,为荷花体细胞杂交育种提供实验基础.结果表明,较理想的芽增殖培养基为MS+1 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA;成苗阶段采用固液双层培养基最适宜.而最佳的叶片原生质体分离酶液组合为2％纤维素酶+1％离析酶+o.1％果胶酶.     

不同激素条件下大豆原生质体培养和植株再生

以栽培大豆(Glycine max(L.) Merr.)南农86-21、南农86-4、南农73-935为材料，用K8/K8p基本培养基比较了不同原生质体密度和不同激素种类、水平对未成熟子叶原生质体培养的影响，发现它们的差异表现在植板率、产生愈伤组织的速度和频率、愈伤组织的颜色和结构等几方面。对低激素来源南农73-935的愈伤组织的速度和频率、愈伤组     

烟草叶片直接再生植株及抗生素耐受性研究

以烟草NC89叶片为材料,研究了叶片直接再生植株所需的IAA、6-BA浓度配比,并对叶片植株再生中卡那霉素和潮霉素的抑制浓度进行了探讨.结果显示:在MSB+0.1～0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L IAA的MSB处理培养基上,外植体边缘细胞通过器官发生途径可以高频直接植株再生,抗生素对叶片直接再生芽的抑制浓度为卡那霉素30 mg/L,潮霉素30mg/L.     

Influence of genotype and culture medium on callus formation and plant regeneration from immature embryos of Triticum turgidum Desf. cultivars

Twelve durum wheat cultivars were evaluated for their response to in vitro tissue culture. Zygotic immature embryos were used to induce callus formation using four different Murashige and Skoog‐based media. Each contained 9.05 μM 2,4‐dichlorophenoxy acetic acid but differed in their carbon source (sucrose or maltose) and the presence of NaCl (0 mM or 40 mM). The influence of both genotype and medium on the type and percentage of callus produced was observed. Calli were either compact and frequently embryogenic, or soft and watery. Percentages ranged from 54 to 100%, depending upon genotype and induction medium. All calli were then plated on a regeneration medium containing 20 g/l sucrose, 2.68 μM 1‐naphthaleneacetic acid and 2.22 μ 6‐benzylaminopurine. The regeneration of plantlets was higher from compact than from soft calli, with a strong dependence on genotype and type of induction medium used. MSm induction medium (30 g/l maltose) and MS40s (30 g/l sucrose plus 40 mM NaCl) were best for inducing compact calli, and gave the highest proportion of regenerated plants. The in vitro response (number of total shoots from a compact callus/number of embryos plated) was higher for immature embryos of ‘Baztan’, ‘Bradano’ and ‘Don Pedro’. These cultivars are a good starting material for experiments involving transformation of calli from zygotic immature embryos.     

重瓣长寿花叶片组织培养及植株再生的研究

摘要:以重瓣长寿花幼嫩叶片为试材,筛选各个培养阶段的培养基配方,研究重瓣长寿花的快速繁殖技术。结果表明: 0.1％升汞灭菌4min,外植体污染率为12.5％,死亡率2.5%,效果最佳;愈伤组织诱导培养基以MS+6-BA1.0 mg／L+NAA0.1～0.3 mg／L最佳,不定芽分化和增殖的最适培养基为MS+6-BA0.5 mg／L+NAA0.1 mg／L,生根培养基用1/2MS+NAA0.5mg／L最好,试管苗移栽成活率达99％。     

Callus formation and plantlet regeneration from immature Triticum durum Desf. embryos

Summary Experiments upon in vitro culture of immature durum wheat embryos, harvested at different growth stages, were made in two consecutive years. Callus formation and plantlet regeneration were obtained. The ability to form callus and the degree of morphogenetic processes varied with the different hormonal treatments used and with the age of the embryos. In the first year the best response for callus growth was observed with 2,4-D 2 mg l^-1 plus adenine 50 mg l^-1 or 2,4-D 5 mg l^-1 alone in the more mature embryos (15 and 20 days after anthesis). On the contrary, NAA 5 mg l^-1 had a greater shoot regeneration effect. In the next year, at all 2,4-D concentrations and for the two different ages of the embryos tested, all embryos formed callus. Regeneration of plantlets was obtained in higher percentage in calli originated from the more developed embryos. The effect of changed media upon plantlet regeneration was studied after callus transplant.Investigation by cytophotometry and chromosome counts on different calli showed, practically in all cells, a diploid condition. A histological analysis demonstrated embryogenic somatic characteristics in many samples of callus. The pattern of organogenesis seemed to be via adventitious bud formation but structures resembling embryoids were also observed in the callus.     

玫瑰黄链霉菌Men-myco-93-63原生质体形成 和再生条件的初探

玫瑰黄链霉菌Men-myco-93-63在温室及大田试验中都对棉花黄萎病菌表现出很强的拮抗作用，是一株很有应用潜力的生防菌株。不论是菌丝体本身还是其代谢产物都对多种植物病原菌有很强的抑制作用。对该生防菌株进行深入研究，尤其是分子水平的研究尤为重要。笔者通过研究影响链霉菌原生质体形成的多种条件和因素，包括培养基的选择、培养时间、甘氨酸浓度、溶菌酶浓度、酶解时间等，最终成功的制备出了生防菌Men-myco-93-63的原生质体，初步确定了其形成条件：TSB培养基一级培养24h，用SGGP作为二级培养基培养菌丝体40h（补加甘氨酸2%），将菌丝体加入2mg/ml溶菌酶37℃水浴60min后即可得到原生质体，涂在再生培养基R5上再生培养，再生数可达4.8×106个/ml。为该生防菌原生质体的转化、基因表达等研究奠定了重要的基础。     

二乔刺槐愈伤组织诱导及植株再生研究

以二乔刺槐的幼嫩茎段为外植体进行愈伤组织诱导及植株再生研究。结果表明：二乔刺槐茎段诱导愈伤组织的最适培养基为MS+IBA0.2mg/L+BA3.0mg/L,愈伤组织芽诱导的最适培养基为MS+IBA 0.1 mg/L+BA 5.0 mg/L,根诱导培养基为1/2MS+ IBA 0.4mg/L。     

Influence of culture medium and in vitro conditions on shoot regeneration in Solanum phureja monoploids and fertility of regenerated doubled monoploids

Incorporation of monoploids in practical breeding requires an efficient method of producing homozygous diploids. This study investigated factors for efficient regeneration of doubled monoploid (DM) potato, crossability of DMs and their field performance. Incorporation of silver thiosulphate (STS) in propagation medium for in vitro monoploid plantlets of Solanum phureja did not affect the frequency of cells with diploid(2x) nuclei but increased those with monoploid (1x) and decreased those with 4x nuclei. Higher shoot regeneration was obtained from leaf explants compared with stem explants. Induction of shoots from calluswas affected neither by light during incubation nor by overnight treatment with a benzyl adenine pulse. Female fertility based on seed set after pollination of DMs with heterozygous diploid clones varied among DMs but encouraged their utilization in practical breeding.     

Effect of thidiazuron on microspore embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration in Chinese flowering cabbage (Brassica rapa. var. parachinenis)

Traditional breeding methods require more than 6 years to obtain homozygous inbred lines, while isolated microspore culture (IMC) is an effective way to cultivate double haploid homozygous lines in only 2 years. However, low embryogenesis induction frequency in Chinese flowering cabbage remains a key obstacle to the practical application of this technique. Thidiazuron was added at different concentrations to NLN‐13 medium to estimate its effects on microspore embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration. Results showed that three genotypes responded positively. Optimum thidiazuron concentrations produced embryo yields of up to 14.67 embryos per bud and increased microspore embryogenesis frequency with up to 100% survival. Plantlet regeneration rates were up to 81.67%, and the treatment groups showed lower callus formation. We obtained up to 552 diploid plants from the tested genotypes, and the percentage of doubled haploid at different TDZ concentrations showed slight differences, and doubled haploid rates in the three genotypes were above 70%. They showed a high uniformity and can be directly used for hybrid breeding. This method accelerates microspore application in Chinese flowering cabbage hybrid breeding.     

番木瓜种质的超低温保存与植株再生初探

以番木瓜成年植株茎尖、侧芽为试材，探讨番木瓜种质超低温保存的最适条件。结果表明：用添加3％DMSO的培养基培养3d后，保留2个叶芽长2mm左右的茎尖，在38℃下以60％PVS2溶液处理50min，再用纯PVS2于-4~0℃处理30min，迅速投入液氮中保存24h后，在40℃水浴中解冻后洗涤数次，接种到再生培养基上，存活率51．5％，植株再生率50．1％。     

紫花地丁的组织培养和植株再生

以未成熟种子萌发的子叶和下胚轴为外植体建立了紫花地丁的组织培养及植株再生体系，结果表明最适愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS＋2，4-D 0．5mg／L＋6．BA0．5mg／L或者MS＋2．4-D1mg／L＋6-BA 0．2mg／L，愈伤组织诱导率可达100％，将生长良好的愈伤组织转入分化培养基可诱导芽或根的分化，其中诱导芽的最适培养基为MS＋6-BA1mg／L＋2。4-D0．5mg／L，诱导根的最适培养基为MS＋2，4-D1mg／L＋6-BA 0．2mg／L，两种器官分化途径均能有效再生成苗。     

Genetic basis of plant regeneration in hexaploid triticale

Summary Glume cultures of monogenic recessive mutants PGTSLS1 (Plant Genetics triticale selection large spike 1) and PGTSLG2 (Plant Genetics triticale selection long grain 2) were employed along with their parent PGTS control (Plant Genetics triticale selection control) and their F1 and F2 progenies, to determine the genetic basis of plant regeneration in hexaploid triticale. The mutant PGTSLS1 exhibited greater efficiency of plant regeneration (22.4%) followed by PGTS control (7.6%) and PGTSLG2 did not exhibit any regeneration. All the three F1's exhibited plant regeneration frequency on par with that of control (6.9–7.3%), suggesting dominant nature of control genotype over the isogenic mutants. The F2 results suggested that genetic control over the high frequency regeneration of PGTSLS1 was monogenic recessive in nature, and genetic control over the recalcitrant nature of PGTSLG2 also was monogenic recessive. The F2 of the cross PGTSLS1 × PGTSLG2 segregated into four classes. Of the 114 F2 plants, 19 showed no regeneration, 70 of them exhibited 6–8% regeneration, 20 of them 19–24% regeneration, and 5 of them exhibited highest frequency regeneration (57–60%). These observations suggest dihybrid segregation for regeneration. The highest frequency of plant regeneration (57–60%) exhibited by 5 F2 plants may be due to the interaction of non-allelic genes in recessive condition. These results clearly demonstrate the association of at least two genes with plant regeneration in hexaploid triticale.