淡水鱼中3种吸虫囊蚴多重PCR检测方法的建立

为建立同时检测淡水鱼中华支睾吸虫、东方次睾吸虫和日本全冠吸虫的三重PCR检测方法,本研究根据GenBank中登录的各吸虫参考序列中保守区域设计3对特异性引物,通过优化反应条件,建立了 3种吸虫囊蚴的多重PCR检测方法,并利用该方法对52尾淡水鱼样品中吸虫囊蚴的感染情况进行检测.结果显示,本研究所建立的方法对东方次睾吸虫...     

猪囊尾蚴和华支睾吸虫液相基因芯片检测方法的建立

为建立一种可以同时检测猪囊尾蚴和华支睾吸虫的液相基因芯片方法,本研究以猪囊尾蚴ITS基因和华支睾吸虫ITS基因为靶序列,设计并合成特异性探针和引物,通过PCR方法扩增目的片段,构建阳性重组质粒标准品并对其进行测序,建立一种基于双重PCR的液相基因芯片检测方法。结果显示,扩增目的片段长度分别约为150 bp和170 bp,测序结果与Gen Bank登录的猪囊尾蚴和华支睾吸虫相关基因一致性分别为99.35%和98.27%;液相基因芯片对单重PCR产物和双重PCR产物的检测结果一致,特异性和重复性良好。应用该方法检测猪囊尾蚴和华支睾吸虫的灵敏度分别为5.13×104拷贝/μL和2.03×104拷贝/μL,比琼脂糖凝胶电泳灵敏高约8倍;应用该方法检测猪囊尾蚴和华支睾吸虫的变异系数均在8%以内,模拟污染样品的检验试验准确率达98%。本研究初步建立了可以同时高效、灵敏和特异检测猪囊尾蚴和华支睾吸虫的液相基因芯片方法,为人畜共患寄生虫的检测和监控提供了新方法。     

华支睾吸虫感染FVB小鼠的试验研究

为了观察华支睾吸虫感染FVB小鼠肝脏组织病理变化,将12只健康雌性FVB小鼠随机分成2组,分别为正常组与感染组,每组6只。感染组小鼠经口灌饲45个华支睾吸虫囊蚴。于感染后25d用NaOH消化法检测粪便虫卵阳性率,感染后第112天收集肝脏组织,进行HE染色及Masson染色观察肝脏病理变化情况;收集外周血,ELISA检测血清中华支睾吸虫特异性IgG抗体。虫卵检查结果显示,感染组小鼠在感染后25d检查到虫卵,肉眼观察小鼠肝小叶边缘有白色结节样病变,肝脏表面有白色透明水泡。感染组小鼠血清中华支睾吸虫特异性IgG水平显著高于正常组(P0.01)。HE染色观察小鼠肝脏组织,见到虫体,炎症细胞浸润严重,纤维化明显并伴有点状坏死。肝细胞肿胀,肝窦狭窄,胆管扩张增生显著,胆管上皮细胞水肿、坏死,部分胆管上皮细胞胞浆均质红染。Masson染色显示肝脏组织尤其是虫体周围出现大面积纤维化。试验结果表明,华支睾吸虫感染FVB小鼠肝脏病变严重,因此可利用该品系小鼠建立华支睾吸虫感染模型,为深入研究华支睾吸虫的致病机制奠定基础。     

华支睾吸虫吉林分离株的鉴定

为了研究吉林省内华支幸吸虫自然分离株的种类及基因变异情况,将镜检含有疑似华支睾吸虫囊蚴的麦穗鱼,经胃蛋白酶消化后获得该寄生虫囊蚴,用比重沉降法去除杂质,同时利用形态学和PCR方法进行种类鉴定.镜检结果表明分离株具有典型的华支睾吸虫囊蚴特征,并且经过PcR方法扩增出了华支睾吸虫的种特异性基因片段,碱基序列与GenBank...     

东北地区华支睾吸虫ITS1基因序列分析

为研究我国东北地区华支睾吸虫(Clonorchis sinensis)ITS1基因的变异情况及多态性,本研究以采自宾县、大庆、海伦、双城、泰来、同江和长春7个地区的华支睾吸虫为研究对象,PCR扩增ITS1基因,并与GenBank登录的麝猫后睾吸虫、猫后睾属吸虫、东方次睾吸虫、广西株华支睾吸虫、沈阳株华支睾吸虫和韩国株华支睾吸虫的ITS1基因进行比对分析.结果表明,各地区华支睾吸虫样品ITS1基因大小均为661bp,同源性在99.4%～100%之间.构建的系统发生树显示,分支情况与地区距离呈正相关,广西株与其它地区华支睾吸虫所属分支相隔较远,韩国株与东北地区各株相隔较近,海伦株与泰来株,大庆株与沈阳株,长春株与同江株,双城株与宾县株分别位于同一分支.结果显示,ITS1片段除了可作为遗传标记用以鉴定华支睾吸虫科内属间遗传关系,还可以区分属下种间的遗传关系.     

扇棘单睾吸虫Real-time PCR与常规PCR检测方法的建立

根据扇棘单睾吸虫核糖体DNA第一内转录间隔区(ITS1)序列,应用Primer premier 5.0软件自行设计一对可同时应用于real-time PCR和常规PCR的特异引物,建立real-time PCR与常规PCR鉴定扇棘单睾吸虫的方法,评估其特异性及灵敏性。应用建立的方法鉴定犬猫内脏中收集的吸虫,并用测序进行验证,检验方法的准确性和实用性。结果表明,建立的两种方法均只能特异性扩增扇棘单睾吸虫目的片段,不与横川后殖吸虫、钩棘单睾吸虫、华支睾吸虫、瓦氏瓦特松吸虫、棘口属吸虫、背孔属吸虫、心形咽口吸虫、野牛平腹盘吸虫、东方次睾吸虫、卫氏并殖吸虫、异尖属线虫、宫脂属线虫发生交叉扩增;敏感性试验表明,real-time PCR和常规PCR检测扇棘单睾吸虫质粒的最低检测限分别为43拷贝和86拷贝。建立的realtime PCR标准曲线的循环阈值(Ct)与模板拷贝数呈良好的线性关系(R2=0.998)。鉴定来自犬猫的吸虫17条,结果显示两种方法均能准确鉴定出扇棘单睾吸虫。     

引起猪贫血的寄生虫病的诊断

1华支睾吸虫病 华支睾吸虫病是由华支睾吸虫寄生于胆道所引起的以肝胆病变为主的人畜共患寄生虫病。华支睾吸虫是寄生在动物胆管和胆囊内的吸虫。本病是人畜共患病。华支睾吸虫的中间宿主是淡水螺,第二中间宿主为淡水鱼或淡水虾。因虫体对胆管的机械性损伤和阻塞作用,虫体分泌物刺激作用下引起胆管及周围组织炎症,导致肝萎缩、肝硬变,肝功能受损,严重者可发生肝癌和胰腺炎。     

华支睾吸虫病流行病学研究进展

华支睾吸虫病(Clonorchiasis)是由华支睾吸虫(Clonorchis sinensis)寄生于人和动物肝胆管内引起的以肝胆病变为主的一种重要的人畜共患寄生虫病,病原体为中华支睾吸虫,简称华支睾吸虫病[1].     

兰州市门诊宠物犬猫胃肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

为摸清兰州市宠物犬、猫胃肠道寄生蠕虫的感染情况,于2008年6月～2009年5月通过肛门直接收集,或采集自然排出的粪便,册沉淀法和漂浮法相结合对256只犬、57只猫进行了虫卵或虫体检查。结果显示,256只犬中有48Z犬感染胃肠道寄生虫,感染率18．75％,主要检出犬弓首蛔虫、泡状带绦虫、犬钩虫、犬复孔绦虫、细粒棘球绦虫、华支睾吸虫6种虫卵或／和虫体;57只猫中有14只感染胃肠道寄生虫,感染率24．56％,主要检出犬复孔绦虫、华支睾吸虫、泡状带绦虫3种虫卵或／和虫体。     

华支睾吸虫病的防控

华支睾吸虫病是由华支睾吸虫寄生于人、犬、猫、猪及其他野生动物的肝脏胆管和胆囊内,可使肝脏肿大并导致其他肝病变,是一种重要的人兽共患吸虫病.对华支睾吸虫的生活史以及该病的流行病学、致病机理及病理变化、诊断方法、防治措施进行介绍,以期为有效防控华支睾吸虫病提供参考.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。