苏太猪FUT1基因M307位点多态性及其对部分免疫指标的遗传效应分析

本研究旨在分析苏太猪抗F18大肠杆菌病育种基础群FUT1基因M307位点对部分免疫指标的遗传效应,为下一步苏太猪抗病育种工作提供一定的理论依据。采用PCR-RFLP方法对苏太猪抗F18大肠杆菌病育种基础群FUT1基因M307多态性进行分析,并探讨其与部分免疫指标的关系。结果表明,基础群中576个个体FUT1基因M307位点经Hin6Ⅰ酶切后,产生AA、AG和GG3种基因型,基因型频率分别为0.235、0.609和0.156,抗性基因A为优势等位基因,频率为0.540;群体显著偏离了Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P0.01)。AA基因型个体的血红蛋白(HGB)和白细胞计数(WTBC)显著高于AG和GG型个体(P0.05),AG和GG型个体间差异不显著(P0.05);AA基因型个体的异嗜性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比率(H/L值)显著低于AG和GG型个体(P0.05),AG和GG型个体间差异不显著(P0.05);AA基因型个体与AG和GG型个体间SRBC抗体滴度差异不显著(P0.05)。本试验结果初步说明苏太猪F18抗性型群体具有抗逆性强的优良特性,AA基因型不仅对仔猪断奶后水肿病和腹泻病具有抗性,而且具有较高的一般抗病力。     

香梅F1代猪PRKAA1基因对肉品质和屠宰性能的影响

为了探究单磷酸腺苷活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)家族PRKAA1基因多态性对香梅F1代猪(从江香猪♂×梅山猪♀)肉品质和屠宰性能的影响,以PRKAA1基因为候选基因,运用PCR扩增结合直接测序法,对香梅F1代猪PRKAA1基因外显子区域SNP位点进行筛选,并分析不同基因型与肉用性状间关联性。结果显示:在试验群体中第7外显子75 bp处存在A/G突变,命名为g.75AG;遗传学分析发现,AG为优势基因型,等位基因A为优势等位基因,g.75AG属于中度多态,处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态;关联性分析显示,AG型个体胴体重、棕榈酸指标均显著高于AA、GG型(P0.05),AG和GG型个体瘦肉重显著高于AA基因型(P0.05)。结果表明:PRKAA1基因第7外显子g.75AG位点突变对香梅F1代猪胴体重、瘦肉重及棕榈酸具有一定调控作用。     

五指山猪IGF-1基因部分序列的SNP分析

为了揭示小型猪的生长发育规律和矮小遗传机理,试验采用PCR产物直接测序法对五指山猪、滇南小耳猪、香猪、梅山猪和大白猪共60个样本的IGF-1基因5'侧翼区部分片段的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)进行研究.找到2个SNP,分别为1个碱基颠换G22C和1个碱基转换G89A.针对这2个SNP位点得到5种组合基因型,各SNP位点基因及基因型频率统计结果显示:IGF-1基因G22C位点在总群体、五指山猪、滇南小耳猪、香猪、大白猪、梅山猪内的优势等位基因型均为GG型,优势等位基因均为G,具有较高的一致性;G89A位点在总群体、五指山猪、大白猪、梅山猪内的优势等位基因型均为AA型,优势等位基因均为A,而滇南小耳猪、香猪该位点的优势等位基因型均为GG型,优势等位基因均为G.     

太行鸡Mx基因抗性位点与体尺和胴体性状的关联分析

采用错配PCR-RFLP对太行鸡Mx基因2032位点多态性进行检测,结果发现太行鸡Mx基因2032位点经RsaⅠ酶切后,检测到AA、AG和GG3种基因型,基因型频率分别为0.185,0.577和0.238,抗性基因A的频率为0.473。χ2适合性检验表明该多态位点上等位基因的分布处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。对3个基因型与太行鸡一些经济性状间的关联性分析,结果表明,发现除胸深、胫围和胫长外,AA基因型个体其他体尺小于或接近AG和GG基因型个体;抗性纯合子AA基因型个体胴体性状均显著小于GG基因型个体。     

如皋鸡Mx基因2032位点多态性与经济性状的关联分析

采用错配PCR-RFLP对如皋鸡Mx基因2032位点多态性进行检测,结果如皋鸡Mx基因2032位点经RsaⅠ酶切后,检测到AA、AG和GG3种基因型,基因型频率分别为0.161、0.678和0.161,抗性等位基因A的频率为0.500。χ2适合性检验表明,如皋鸡Mx基因在RsaⅠ酶切位点上等位基因的分布显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。分析这3种基因型与如皋鸡一些经济性状间的关联性,结果表明:抗性纯合子AA基因型的个体各阶段体重、体尺以及主要屠宰性状均小于AG和GG基因型的个体,但是除了体斜长和胫围外,AA基因型个体的重要经济性状包括常规肉质与AG和GG基因型的个体差异不显著。     

苏太猪抗F18+大肠杆菌病基础群FUT1基因多态性及其与生长发育的关联分析

本研究采用PCR-RFLP方法对苏太猪F18+大肠杆菌抗病育种基础群α-(1,2)岩藻糖转移酶基因1（FUT1）M307位点多态性进行了分析,并探讨了其与部分生长发育性能的相关性。苏太猪F18⁺大肠杆菌抗病育种基础群FUT1基因M307位点经Hin6Ⅰ酶切后,产生AA、AG和GG 3种基因型,频率分别为0.235、0.609和0.156,群体极显著的偏离了Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P<0.01)。总体上AA基因型的个体生长发育优于AG和GG基因型的个体,其中AA基因型个体的60 kg体长显著高于AG和GG基因型的个体(P<0.05),断奶重显著高于GG基因型的个体(P<0.05),体高和后躯宽显著高于AG基因型的个体(P<0.05)。试验结果表明,苏太猪抗病育种基础群中FUT1基因第307位点的AA基因型不仅对仔猪断奶后水肿病和腹泻病具有抗性,而且具有较高的早期生长发育性能。     

松辽黑猪METTL23基因多态性及其与繁殖性状的关联分析

为探究松辽黑猪METTL23基因多态性及其与繁殖性状的关联性,试验选取178头松辽黑猪母猪为研究对象,利用Sanger直接测序法查找METTL23基因外显子1~5的单核苷酸多态性(SNP),使用SPSS 19.0软件分析METTL23基因SNP位点与松辽黑猪繁殖性状(总产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔猪数、初生重、3周龄重、断奶重、乳头数)的关联性。结果显示,仅在松辽黑猪METTL23基因外显子4发现1个SNP位点,命名为A62G,在A62G位点上检测到3种基因型,分别是AA、AG和GG。GG和G分别为优势基因型和优势等位基因,且A62G位点处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05)。该位点的遗传纯合度(Ho)为0.6516,高于遗传杂合度(He,0.3484),说明其在松辽黑猪群体中的变异较小;多态信息含量(PIC)为0.2877,属于中度多态位点(0.25<PIC<0.5),说明该遗传标记能够提供一定量的遗传信息。关联分析结果表明,GG基因型个体总产仔数、产活仔数和断奶仔猪数均显著或极显著高于AA基因型个体(P<0.05;P<0.01),总产仔数还显著高于AG基因型个体(P<0.05);AG基因型个体断奶仔猪数显著高于AA基因型个体(P<0.05);初生重、3周龄重、断奶重、乳头数各基因型间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,METTL23基因外显子4存在多态性位点A62G,该位点与松辽黑猪产仔数存在显著关联,可作为松辽黑猪产仔数的遗传标记,用于分子育种。     

MC4R基因在5个猪群体内的多态性分析

试验检测猪黑素皮质激素受体4基因（melanocortin-4 receptor, MC4R）在杜洛克猪、长白猪、大白猪、申农猪和梅山猪群体内的基因型频率、等位基因频率以及群体遗传学指标。结果表明：MC4R基因在杜洛克猪、长白猪、大白猪和申农猪群体内检测出AA基因型、GG基因型和AG基因型,在梅山猪群体内检测出GG基因型和AG基因型。在杜洛克猪和大白猪群体内AG基因型为优势基因型,A等位基因频率为优势等位基因;在长白猪、申农猪和梅山猪群体内GG基因型为优势基因型,G等位基因频率为优势等位基因。群体遗传学指标分析结果显示,MC4R基因在杜洛克猪和大白猪群体内PIC值在0.25～0.5之间,表现为中度多态;在长白猪、申农猪和梅山猪PIC值小于0.25,表现低度多态。     

苏太猪抗F18+大肠杆菌病基础群FUT1基因多态性及其与生长发育的关联分析

本研究采用PCR-RFLP方法对苏太猪F18+大肠杆菌抗病育种基础群α-(1,2)岩藻糖转移酶基因1（FUT1）M307位点多态性进行了分析,并探讨了其与部分生长发育性能的相关性。苏太猪F18⁺大肠杆菌抗病育种基础群FUT1基因M307位点经Hin6Ⅰ酶切后,产生AA、AG和GG 3种基因型,频率分别为0.235、0.609和0.156,群体极显著的偏离了Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P<0.01)。总体上AA基因型的个体生长发育优于AG和GG基因型的个体,其中AA基因型个体的60 kg体长显著高于AG和GG基因型的个体(P<0.05),断奶重显著高于GG基因型的个体(P<0.05),体高和后躯宽显著高于AG基因型的个体(P<0.05)。试验结果表明,苏太猪抗病育种基础群中FUT1基因第307位点的AA基因型不仅对仔猪断奶后水肿病和腹泻病具有抗性,而且具有较高的早期生长发育性能。     

苏淮猪IFNGR1基因多态性及其与猪气喘病抗性的相关分析

猪气喘病是由猪肺炎支原体引起的一种慢性、接触性呼吸道传染病,其流行范围广、难治愈,给养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失。本试验在前期RNA测序结果的基础上,首先选出了差异表达基因干扰素γ受体1(INFGR1),利用PCR扩增和PCR产物直接测序筛查了INFGR1基因外显子区域的SNP位点,进一步在苏淮猪群体开展了基因型分型检测,同时利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测了苏淮猪群体的猪肺炎支原体感染水平,最后统计分析了INFGR1基因SNP位点不同基因型与苏淮猪群体猪肺炎支原体感染水平的相关。结果发现在苏淮猪IFNGR1基因外显子5上检测到一个SNP(A12557G),苏淮猪群体A等位基因频率为0.555,G等位基因频率为0.445;不同基因型猪肺炎支原体感染量差异极显著(P0.01),GG基因型感染水平显著高于AA基因型,初步推测IFNGR1基因SNP(A12557G)可作为影响苏淮猪气喘病抗性选育潜在的分子遗传标记。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.