线性混合像元分解及其在林业中的应用

由于地表覆盖的复杂性,在遥感影像中存在混合像元现象。文中对混合像元分解模型进行梳理,并针对线性混合像元分解在林业中的应用做了分类总结。目前混合像元分解模型主要有线性、概率、几何光学、随机几何与模糊模型5种,不同模型所需参数与输出结果也存在一定差异。其中线性混合模型在林业中的应用最为广泛,主要有土地利用分类与变化监测、森林灾害监测、稀疏植被探测、城市植被丰度估算、不均匀冠层参数估算等方面。     

YP1.0-A遥控跑车及其遥控系统设计

YP1.0-A是我国第三代全自动遥控跑车,具有利用液压制动取代半自动跑车在索道线路中的止动器,具有在索道沿线任意点停留、自动起落钩的优越性。通过对YP1.0-A遥控跑车主要技术参数、结构及其工作原理进行系统分析,对遥控系统进行设计,包括电源、遥控电路、发射与接收控制等,提高了遥控系统的灵敏度、精确度和简便性,更有利于实现遥控跑车在工程应用中生产安全和联合作业,提高遥控索道的生产效率。     

孟加拉国Bhanugach西部保育林用地类型变化(英文)

应用遥感和地理信息系统调查了孟加拉国Sylhet林业分局所辖的Bhanugach西部保育林从1988年到2006年间用地类型的变化。应用了监督和非监督两种方法,用全球定位系统搜集了地面控制点。地理信息系统软件制成地图。结果表明,植被覆盖从1988年的1826hm2大幅地降低到1996年的1714.85hm2,随着协同管理措施的实施,植被覆盖自1996年后逐年增长到2006年的1847.83hm2。在没有其他类型的用地转变成裸地的情况下,裸地变化与植被覆盖间成反比。18年间水体面积从1988年的307.67hm2增加到1996年379.53hm2,96-97年间略有下降,1997年以后直到2006年基本保持不变。本文还提出了将遥感技术和地理信息系统应用于用地类型变化及地理信息系统数据库创建的一些建议。     

刍议枯死松树的天空地协同监测技术体系建设

枯死松树及时精准监测是做好松材线虫病防治的基础,传统人工线路踏查难以保证全覆盖和高时效。高空间分辨率的航空和航天遥感技术可以快速采集区域级地表覆盖数据,获取单木与树丛级森林资源健康状态信息,服务于枯死松树监测;地面调查是航天和航空遥感技术应用不可或缺的组成部分,是实现对松材线虫病疫情遥感监测必不可少的工序。枯死松树的天空地协同监测技术体系的建立,以及天空地遥感技术互为补充的集成运用,是提高松材线虫病监测调查工作实时性、客观性和科学性的重要保障,不仅可为精准监管森林资源提供相应解决方案,也是完善和丰富现有松材线虫病监测普查体系、实现松材线虫病疫情早期发现以及疫情处置监管的有效途径。     

遥控跑车的遥控液压技术研究进展

在综述索道遥控跑车的遥控液压系统研究现状的基础上,针对其存在的问题,提出遥控跑车的遥控液压技术的研究对策,并展望其发展前景。     

Predicting dynamic modulus of elasticity of Norway spruce structural timber by forest inventory,airborne laser scanning and harvester-derived data

Norway spruce structural timber is one of the most important products of the Norwegian sawmilling industry, and a high grade-yield of structural timber is therefore important for the economic yield. Presorting of logs suited for production of structural timber might be one option to increase the grade yield. In this study, dynamic modulus of elasticity (E_dyn) of structural timber was predicted based on forest inventory data at site level and single-tree data from airborne laser scanning (ALS) and harvester. The models were based on 611 boards from 4 sites in southeastern Norway. Important variables at site level were elevation, site index (SI), and mean stand age. However, when combining data from all information sources, mean stand age and site index were the only significant variables at site level. Tree height and variables describing the crown, like crown length and crown volume, were important vaiables extracted from ALS data. Stem diameter measures and tapering were important variables measured by the harvester. The combined model with variables from all three information sources reduced the variance the most, especially when using individual tree age instead of average stand age. However, combining all these data requires accurate positioning of the trees by the harvester.     

吉林市城市林业信息管理系统构建初探

本文根据吉林市的具体情况和信息管理体系的多方面优点,结合遥感和GIS(地理信息系统)技术,初步探讨了构建吉林市城市林业信息管理系统的方法,拟定了吉林市林业信息管理系统的功能框架图和系统流程图,为城市林业的建设与发展提供必要的技术支撑。     

Interpretation and Compilation of Landsat TM Imagery for Land-use and Site Classification Mapping in the Korqin Sandy Lands, NE China

For the purpose of of forestation, planning and development in the Three-North Region, a series of 6 Landsat TM scenesfrom 1996 to 1997 were used to classify land-use conditions in the whole Korqin Sandy Lands at eastern part of Inner Mongolia, China, with an area of about 430×306 square kilometers. Later on, Site classiflcation was made and mapped for the 4 southern sandy counties. The annotation symbol for each agglomeration of site condition is comprised of six parts: land unit, land use pattern, soil texture, under ground water table, top-soil existence, wind erosion or salinisation condition. Field expedition and soil file augering help information extraction from the satellite imagery. The products include a land-use classiflcation map at scale 1/200,000 of the whole Korqin Sandy Lands, and a collection of site classiflcation maps at scale of 1/50,000, consisting of 135 pieces (42.8 cm×30.8 cm each). Electronic version of the maps is in raster form.     

中国林业遥感发展中应该关注的几个问题

对中国林业遥感发展中当前急需解决的4个问题发表看法:1)应全面、准确地了解遥感技术在森林资源调查和管理中的作用.将遥感技术全面地融入现有规程,要扬长避短,并在各方面准确加以应用.不能仅在目视判读中提及,而在面积统计、精度要求、成果提供中均无反映.规程中不能写入遥感技术当前不适或不能解决的问题,如林种识别等.2)要用科学、实用的态度对待不断出现的高分辨率卫星数据.根据项目实际需要选择信息源,不能简单认为分辨率越高越好,要进行投入产出分析.3)为将我国林业遥感技术应用提高到一个新的水平,还需将其他有关学科的新理论、新技术不断引入林业工作的各个方面,如分形理论、大型数据库(Oracle)等,以推进中国林业现代化的进程.4)为使新技术在林业中广泛、迅速地被应用,做好示范、培训、宣传工作是非常必要的.     

TM遥感数据在中甸县森林资源调查中的应用

利用TM遥感数据，对迪庆州中甸县森林资源调查进行目视判读，对影像判读的关键检验指标－一致率、正判率进行分析，结果表明：（1）一致率为91％；面积地类综合正判率为95．3％。均超过细则规定要求。（2）在不同的建标线路上及不同的地类中均获得了较高的和较为稳定的正判率。     

基于3S技术的广西森林遥感样地调查

按经纬度坐标整数交叉点为中心布设广西森林资源遥感样地,每个方形样地面积为10×10 km2,以遥感样地为研究对象,以Landsat TM为数据源,运用3S技术,监测1990、2000和2005年3期变化,结果表明:TM数据是一种高效可行的森林覆盖动态监测数据源;TM数据需要辅助资料才能满足广西林业一级地类区分要求;1990～2005年广西遥感样地的森林覆盖率不断提高,从34.35%上升到53.41%。     

遥感技术现状及其在林业中的应用

介绍了遥感技术自上个世纪90年代以来的发展状况,主要说明了遥感在空间分辨率、光谱分辨率、雷达及航空遥感方面的进展,并对其在林业中的应用前景进行了研讨。     

Land Cover Change Impacts on Beef Cattle Productivity under Changing Climate: Case of Ilemela and Magu Districts,Tanzania

The study focused on contributing to the spatial knowledge of the impacts of land cover changes on beef cattle production under a changing climate in rangelands of the Lake Victoria Basin (LVB), so as to establish a strategy for improving beef cattle production in the area. We used supervised classification of satellite imagery to analyze land cover changes between the years 1980–2000 and 2000–2010. Results revealed that for the periods 1980–2000 and 2000–2010, settlements increased by 1% and 8%, and cultivated area increased by 0.58% and 0.30%, respectively. Riverine vegetation declined by 0.26% and increased by 0.16%, and woodlands declined by 6% and 13% respectively. The trend of beef cattle numbers against rainfall and pasture area (riverine vegetation and woodland) over the study period 1980–2010 showed a non-significant trend of increasing rainfall in the study area. In Ilemela District, pasture area and beef cattle numbers declined by 33% and 4% respectively. In Magu District, beef cattle numbers increased by 64% and pasture area declined by 84%. This implies that the effect of urbanization is more severe in Ilemela than in Magu District. Land use planning, enhancing of mixed crop-livestock farming systems, intensification of livestock practices, forage conservation, planting of fodder trees, and matching of cattle numbers with pasture availability are recommended. In addition, education is needed on effective cattle farming as a strategy for improving beef cattle production in the face of land cover changes due to climate variability in the area.     

TM影像的计算机屏幕解译和荒漠化监测

以覆盖科尔沁沙地１３个旗县的６景ＴＭ影像为例,简介了以计算机屏幕解释这种技术路线作卫星影像分类图的过程,论述了卫星遥感技术监测荒漠化土地变化和作出环境发展趋势评估的潜力。指出对待盐渍化和沙化这两个问题,对不同区域应各有侧重,最后介绍了联合国粮农组织（ＦＡＯ）的土地分类原则,用土地单元,土地利用类型及附加特性注记地类的方法。     

甘肃民勤县荒漠化区未利用地的遥感分类研究

以荒漠化土地典型分布区甘肃省民勤县为研究对象,以30 m的Landsat TM5与TM7遥感影像为主要数据源,在分析不同典型地物光谱特征的基础上,建立基于专家知识的决策树分类模型,利用该模型对荒漠化区的戈壁、沙地、沙漠、风蚀劣地等未利用土地进行细分,总体分类精度达到87.06%。决策树分类法总体效果较好,为荒漠化区土地管理以及再利用提供了技术支撑。     

遥感技术的发展及应用

本文介绍了遥感的起源,概念及遥感的特点,遥感技术在国内外的应用,并叙述了遥感技术在我国的发展概况及在各行业的发展前景。     

El Nino And Forest Fire In Yunnan Province, Southwest China -New Way to Study Three Essential Factors of Forest Fire

Three essential factors of forest fire (fire source, environment, and litter) were taken as the point of view, and has approached the forecast method of forest fire in tropical area of southwest China in a macroscopic scale. This study supported by mathematical method was from a new angle. For example, in the aspect of forest fire forecast, it has been thought over that most forest fire is artificial fire, which has lots of randomness. So it could be studied in a kind of Markov random processes. In the aspect of the analysis of environment that leads to forest fire, correlation analysis would reveal the relation among cosmos, earth and life, for instance, the relation between E1 Nino (or La Nina) and forest fire. Especially in the aspect of estimating the amount of litter, a new estimation method based on spacial remote sensing data was raised. It provides an effective and quantitative way with higher reliability for forest fire forecast on region scale.     

巴西森林资源监测及遥感技术应用的基本做法和启示

介绍了巴西森林资源基本情况,以及森林资源监测与遥感技术应用的主要做法。在此基础上总结出对我国相应工作的启示,即要研究我国森林资源监测体系的改进方案,要加大遥感技术的应用力度,要重视监测结果的社会公开。     

地理信息系统在林业中的应用、问题及前景(英文)

森林经营决策必须建立在现在和未来森林资源的时空分布信息基础上 ,而跟踪和获得森林资源信息的变化极具挑战性 ,因为森林资源是一个处于持续不断变化的动态生态系统 ,它的不定性和复杂性决定了森林经营需要更有用的和更及时的信息 ,因此时空信息是进行有效森林决策的基石 .现有的传统技术已满足不了大规模的森林规划和经营的需求 .地理信息系统是基于计算机基础之上的分析工具 ,能为森林经理提供复杂的空间信息 ,并建立定量模型 .本文综述了地理信息系统在森林经营方面的应用 ;指出了地理信息系统在林业中的效益、问题和局限 ;分析了地理信息系统在同其它空间技术如遥感、全球定位系统、人工智能建模、决策支持系统等方面的最新进展与发展方向