越南水产养殖业概况

渔业在越南国民经济中发挥着重要作用，其中水产养殖业占国内渔业产量的40％，越南拥有广阔的适宜发展水产养殖的水域和土地，近年来水产养殖业取得了快速增长。越南积极开展多品种养殖。也是亚洲少数几个进行有机水产养殖并出口到欧洲的国家。政府希望通过不断的努力，克服不利因素，保持国内水产养殖业的发展势头。     

The determinants of detecting veterinary drug residues: Evidence from shrimp farmers in southern Viet Nam

While export-oriented shrimp farming has become an important source of income for many small-scale farmers in developing countries, the rate at which products are rejected at the ports of developed countries has remained high mainly due to the overuse of antibiotics. To reveal what determines the overuse of antibiotics, we interviewed 201 shrimp farmers in Viet Nam in 2015 and collected shrimp samples from each household’s pond for the screening of residual drugs. These tests revealed that residual drugs exceeding acceptable limits by Japanese standards were found in the samples of 40 farmers. We conducted cross-sectional Logit and Tobit regressions to examine whether results of the residue tests are significantly associated with farmers’ characteristics and management practices. This study finds that: (1) receiving BMP training has a significant and positive effect on reducing residual drugs; (2) if farmers know multiple extension officers, these relationships have significant and positive effects on reducing residual drugs; and (3) farmers with experience of shrimp disease outbreaks reduce use of antibiotics. Overall, this study contributes to revealing the determinants of detecting veterinary drug residues in shrimp farming in multiple (social, economic and psychological) dimensions.     

海产品与淡水产品中重金属的差异性及其风险评价

为了解我国东部沿海地区海产品与淡水产品中重金属污染现状及摄入风险,实验分析了东部沿海地区市售的12种海产品和8种淡水产品,采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定铅、镉、汞、砷、铬共5种常见重金属,根据单因子污染指数（P_i）和金属污染指数（MPI）评价其污染程度,比较不同水产品重金属含量差异及污染状况,并通过靶标危害系数（THQs）评价其健康风险。检测结果显示,海产品与淡水产品中,铅含量范围为ND～1.100 mg/kg,铅超标率为1.4%,各品种铅均值含量无显著差异。镉含量范围为ND～1.600 mg/kg,镉超标率为2.8%,长牡蛎、海湾扇贝镉均值含量高于其他品种。总汞含量范围为ND～1.900 mg/kg,蓝鳍金枪鱼总汞均值含量高于其他品种,其他品种总汞均值含量无显著差异。总砷含量范围为0.004～4.100 mg/kg,淡水鱼（乌鳢除外）总砷均值含量低于其他品种。铬含量范围为0.010～32.000 mg/kg,铬超标率为2.3%,鳙铬均值含量高于其他品种。单因子污染指数显示：不同品种的水产品都有一定的污染。重金属污染指数显示：污染指数呈现...     

Identification and management of ocular lipid deposition in association with hyperlipidaemia in captive moray eels , Gymnothorax funebris Ranzani, Gymnothorax moringa (Cuvier) and Muraena retifera Goode and Bean

Ocular lipid deposition and its surgical management and possible association with systemic hyperlipidaemia in captive moray eels are described. Ophthalmologic examinations, haematology and plasma biochemistry analyses were performed on an initial population of captive moray eels (n = 10): green moray, Gymnothorax funebris Ranzani; spotted moray, Gymnothorax morninga (Cuvier) and reticulated moray, Muraena retifera Goode and Bean. Recently captured green moray eels comprised the control group (n = 9). Clinical signs compatible with ocular lipid deposition were identified in six of ten captive eels (60%) vs. none of the controls. Green moray eels in the initial captive population (n = 5) had significantly higher total protein, triglyceride, cholesterol and aspartate amino transferase values than the control eels. Dietary management was attempted in all captive eels, and surgical intervention was performed in three eels, including two from a separate population, with improved ocular clarity within 1 month post‐operatively. Histopathological evaluation of surgical specimens and two eyes from an additional affected eel that died suggested ocular lipid deposition. Eels in captivity have an apparent predisposition for hyperlipidaemia and ocular lipid deposition. Although limited in this study and complicated by exhibit restraints, dietary management was minimally effective, while surgery improved ocular clarity.     

干制牡蛎营养成分分析及其提取工艺的建立

为了探究近江牡蛎(Ostrea rivularis)中铝(Al)的形态分布,利用化学连续浸提法结合电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)对近江牡蛎总Al质量分数及Al存在形态进行初步研究,并对4种浸提液的浸提条件进行优化。结果显示,其优化参数为0.5 mol·L^–1氯化钾溶液70 mL浸提2 h,去离子水70 mL浸提2 h,4 mol·L^–1盐酸溶液70 mL浸提2 h,浓硝酸70 mL浸提2 h。此条件下,近江牡蛎整体中Al形态存在有机铝<铝离子(Al³⁺)<水溶态铝<氢氧化铝 [Al(OH)₃]<难溶态铝的分布规律,约77.36%的Al以难溶态存在,毒性较大的无机Al主要以Al(OH)₃的形态存在,占总Al的15.87%。通过模拟胃肠消化环境,测定近江牡蛎中Al的溶出率,模拟胃液可溶出Al占总Al的8.16%~32.11%,说明由于胃液的酸性和酶的作用,近江牡蛎中的Al在胃液中形态发生变化。     

胡子鲶庭院生态养殖试验

当前,各地相当重视生态农业建设,视之为提高农业综合生产能力、增加农民收入、改善农业生态环境的重要工作来抓。为此,水产站在实施庭院生态养殖项目中,以本地胡子鲶为养殖对像,通过"猪—沼—鱼"、"猪—沼—桑—灯—鱼"等生态农业模式开展庭院生态养殖推广研究,投入16万尾胡子鲶,经3个多月的饲养,成活率82%,单产7.87 kg/m2,利润7.02万元,投入产出比1∶2.26,实现了经济效益、生态效益、社会效益并举。     

怀鲶的池塘养殖技术

怀鲶是利用东北六须鲶作母本,当地鲶作父本杂交的优良品种,它既有母本生长速度快的优势,又具有父本耐低氧、抢食凶猛等适应环境能力强的特点.该品种肉质白嫩细腻,味道鲜美,无肌间刺,含肉率高,其肌肉的主要营养指标均高于亲本,特别是高度不饱和脂肪酸(EPA、DHA)的含量较高,商品价值很高,是一种非常适合于北方地区养殖的名优杂交新品种.     

中华倒刺鲃池塘养殖技术

中华倒刺鲃[Spinibarbus sinensis（Bleeker）]福建地方俗称光鱼、溪魁,隶属鲤形目、鲤科、鲃亚科、四须鲃属。体长形,侧扁,中部稍高;背部青黑色,腹部灰白色;口吻部有两对触须;背鳍基部之前有一根向前平卧的倒刺,隐埋于皮肤下;背鳍最后一根硬刺后缘有锯齿。主要分布于长江以南的江河溪流中,具有适应性强、食性杂、生长快、肉质细嫩、味道鲜美等优点,是淡水名贵鱼类之一,深受消费者喜爱。但近年因捕捞过度,生态环境恶化等原因,野生资源日益减少,天然捕获量远不能满足市场需求。因此中华倒刺童巴成为近年淡水养殖的新宠,随着人工育苗取得成功,     

Sheep raising in the farming industry

90% of the income of sheep keeping is derived from the sale of lamb meat. Next to the selection by breeding, a series of management and hygiene measures can help to improve the reproductive capabilities of the animals greatly. This means that the lambing and breeding capabilities of a sheep herd may be accomplished above the mean.     

潮沟养殖海参技术

近年来,海参养殖发展速度很快,养殖方法也多种多样,由于潮沟中水的流动性好,饵料丰富,提高了海参的摄食量,增强了抗病能力,提高了经济效益,取得了比较好的效果,笔者就潮沟养殖海参方法进行了一些探讨。     

斑鳜池塘高产养殖技术

斑鳜俗称肉鳜、褐鳜、岩鳜和圆筒鳜,名贵淡水经济鱼类,其肉质细嫩润滑、刺少,味道鲜美,极富营养,素有"淡水石斑"美誉,深受国内及韩国等地消费者的喜爱.目前虽然有一定的天然产量,但市场上还是供不应求,发展池塘养殖前景十分广阔.现将其养殖主要技术简介如下.     

Sex differentiation and sex determination in eels: consequences for management

The aim of this review is to present an overview of the sex differentiation and sex determination processes in eels in relation to the urgent need to provide scientific knowledge to better protect and manage the Anguilla genus. Indeed, the global decline of the three main temperate eel stocks, Anguilla anguilla, Anguillidae (Fisheries Management and Ecology, 2003, 10, 365); Anguilla japonica, Anguillidae (Casselman, Eel Biology, Springer Japan, 2003, 293) and Anguilla rostrata, Anguillidae (Tatsukawa, Eel Biology, Springer, Japan, 2003, 255), raises concerns about the necessity to better understand all stages of the life cycle of eels (Righton and Walker, Journal of Fish Biology, 2013, 83, 754). Little is known about the mechanisms involved in the production of males and females in this species with environmental sex determination. Previous reviews identifying the density of individuals as the major factor influencing sex determination were undertaken (Krueger and Oliveira, Environmental Biology of Fishes, 1999, 55, 381; Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2005, 15, 37). Here, we review the current advances on the subject, focusing on the roles of early growth rate and interindividual relationships, which are mechanisms underpinned by density, as well as the sex differentiation process, and we question how this knowledge might influence global conservation measures.     

Assessing the inclusion of seafood in the sustainable diet literature

The literature on sustainable diets is broad in its scope, and application yet is consistently supportive of a move away from animal‐based diets towards more plant‐based diets. The positioning of seafood within the sustainable diet literature is less clear. A literature review was conducted to examine how the environmental impacts of seafood consumption are assessed and what conclusions are being drawn about the inclusion of seafood in a sustainable diet. Seafood is an essential part of the global food system but is not adequately addressed in most of the sustainable diet literature. Aquaculture, the world's fastest growing food sector, was considered by very few papers. Seafood consumption was commonly presented as a dilemma due to the perceived trade‐offs between positive health outcomes from eating seafood and concerns of overfishing. A number of studies included seafood as part of their sustainable diet scenario, or as part of a diet that had lower impacts than current consumption. Most of the indicators used were biophysical, with a strong focus on greenhouse gas emissions, and very few studies addressed biological or ecological impacts. The assessment of seafood was limited in many studies due to relevant data sets not being incorporated into the models used. Where they were used, data sources and methodological choices were often not stated thereby limiting the transparency of many studies. Both farmed and wild‐capture production methods need to be integrated into research on the impacts of diets and future food scenarios to better understand and promote the benefits of sustainable diets.     

中华绒螯蟹的同属种类及其英文名称

为评价安徽典型池养中华绒螯蟹 (Eriocheir sinensis) 体内砷 (As)污染水平和膳食风险,该研究利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪 (ICP-MS) 和高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱仪 (HPLC-ICP-MS) 分别检测了安徽8个主要养殖区共计27份中华绒螯蟹样本体内总砷及砷胆碱 (AsC)、砷甜菜碱 (AsB)、一甲基砷酸 (MMA)、二甲基砷酸 (DMA)、亚砷酸盐 (AsⅢ) 和砷酸盐 (AsⅤ) 6种砷形态水平。结果表明,总砷和6种砷形态总和质量分数范围分别为0.073~1.433 mg·kg⁻¹和0.039~0.543 mg·kg⁻¹,且在无为、芜湖、当涂、滁州和蚌埠研究区 6种砷形态总和均达到总砷质量分数的60%以上。AsB为砷元素的主要存在形式,在所有研究地区AsB占6种砷形态总和的55%~91%;除安庆、巢湖、宣城和滁州外,AsB占总砷比例均高于50%,且6种砷形态质量分数比较为AsB>AsC>AsⅢ>DMA>MMA>AsⅤ。以无机砷 (AsⅢ和AsⅤ) 总质量分数和靶标危害系数 (THQ) 值评价中华绒螯蟹的膳食风险,8个地区27份样本中中华绒螯蟹体内无机砷质量分数为0.004~0.040 mg·kg⁻¹,计算THQ值介于0.006~0.065,远低于标准1,说明该批中华绒螯蟹不存在膳食风险。

     

白斑狗鱼养殖技术

白斑狗鱼属鲑形目、狗鱼科,分布于亚洲、欧洲和北美洲,在我国仅产于新疆北部额尔齐斯河流域,该鱼呈金黄色、体圆筒状、稍侧扁、吻长且平扁似鸭嘴状,以肉质坚韧少刺、味道鲜美,可食比例大、营养价值高而成为目前市场紧俏、前景广阔的优质特种经济鱼类.     

自然流水养鱼高产技术

自然流水养鱼是一种利用自然流水增加水中溶氧量,扩大放养量,增进鱼类生长速度的集约化养殖形式.具有小坑塘、全流水、高密度的特点.既可家庭养鱼形式,又可向工厂化养殖发展.     

淡水小龙虾池塘养殖技术

人们普遍认为,淡水小龙虾适应性强,在污水沟也能生存,什么地方均可养殖.其实不然,在恶劣的环境中淡水小龙虾虽能生存,但它基本不会蜕壳生长,且存活的时间也不会很长,成活率极低,甚至不会或很少交配繁殖.淡水小龙虾对环境还是有一定的要求,它对水质要求不高,对pH值适应范围为5～11,适应生存的水温广(0～40 ℃),因此在我国大多数地方的江河、湖泊、池塘及水田均能生活.     

Innovation in seafood value chains: the case of Norway

Abstract

This article provides econometric estimates of the determinants of collaboration in innovation processes and innovation outcomes in Norwegian aquaculture and other seafood sector firms, using linked innovation survey and register data on individual firms for the years 1990–2010. The seafood sector in Norway has an extensive innovation system and a high research and development (R&D) intensity, where public R&D institutions receive much of the funding. Our econometric estimates imply that firms with internal R&D resources collaborate more with external organizations in general, and research institutions in particular. Internal skills in the form of R&D employees and external collaboration with firms in the value chain have highly significant positive effects on innovation rates. Collaboration with R&D institutions has a smaller direct effect on innovation. Innovation is clustered at the beginning and end of the supply chain. Aquaculture input suppliers are highly innovative, while aquaculture farms mainly incorporate innovations from suppliers.     

A new liquid-type diet for leptocephali in mass production of artificial glass eels

Fisheries Science - Development of artificial production of glass eels still presents many problems to be solved. What and how to feed larvae is one of the most crucial problems for commercial mass...