雅安藏茶茶多糖对~(60)Co-γ射线辐照损伤小鼠抗氧化和造血功能的防护作用

为探究雅安藏茶茶多糖对~(60)Co-γ射线辐射损伤小鼠抗辐射作用的影响,从雅安藏茶中提取茶多糖,用不同浓度(50、100、200 mg·kg-1·d-1)的茶多糖连续15 d灌胃小鼠,在第6天采用5Gy的~(60)Co-γ射线一次性全身辐照各组小鼠,灌胃第16天测定各组小鼠外周血细胞、肝脏组织总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、总超强氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性和总蛋白(TP)含量等指标。结果表明,与单纯辐照组相比,雅安藏茶茶多糖能显著提高辐照损伤小鼠的外周血细胞数量,极显著提高肝脏组织T-AOC、T-SOD活性和股骨骨髓DNA含量,极显著降低肝脏MDA含量,缓解了免疫器官胸腺的萎缩;且随着茶多糖浓度的增加,其抗辐射作用效果增强。综上,雅安藏茶茶多糖对~(60)Co-γ射线辐照损伤小鼠抗氧化功能和造血功能具有较强的防护作用,且具有一定的剂量效应。本研究结果为进一步深入探究茶多糖防辐射作用机理提供了新参考,也为雅安藏茶辐照保健功效研究提供了一定的理论依据。     

Components and activity of polysaccharides from coarse tea

Coarse tea contained a high content of polysaccharide complex. Composed of polysaccharide and protein, the polysaccharide complex from tea (TPS) belonged to glycoprotein with the molecular weight () of (10.7-11.0) x 10(4). When mice (7 weeks old, C57BL/8) were injected with TPS, the levels of blood glucose (BG) in normal mice and model mice with high BG were decreased significantly by averages of 13.54 and 22.18%, respectively. The antibody concentration (OD(413 nm)) in the mice injected with 2.4 mg/mL TPS was increased evidently by 44.93% (p < 0.01). TPS treatment was beneficial not only for the subsequent production of interleukin (IL) 2 in spleen cells of adjuvant arthritis (AA) rats but also because it prohibited the body from producing too much IL-1 in AA rats. Treatment of diabetes with coarse tea in both China and Japan may be related to TPS and the content of TPS in coarse tea.     

Quantification of uronic acids in tea polysaccharide conjugates and their antioxidant properties

A technique of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was described for the measurement of total uronic acids in tea polysaccharide conjugates. This method was applied to polysaccharide conjugate extracts obtained from green tea after most of the components that produce interference were removed. The preliminary extraction process was according to the procedure of isolation of polysaccharide conjugates. The uronic acid content of different polysaccharide conjugate fractions was quantified by HPLC on a Sugar-Pak I column with a 1.0 x 10(-)(4) mol x L(-)(1) calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution as the mobile phase and refractive index detection. The validation study showed high recoveries (>97.0%) and low coefficients of variance (<3.0%). The minimum detectable limit concentration of uronic acid was 10 microg x mL(-)(1). The analysis of a standard range of galacturonic acid concentrations (100-4000 microg x mL(-)(1)) yielded linear results. The use of the method on different polysaccharide conjugate fraction samples confirmed its effectiveness. With the high content of uronic acids in polysaccharide conjugates, the stronger reactive oxygen species scavenging activities were found.     

Z0206细菌富硒多糖对小鼠的免疫调节作用研究

本试验通过建立环磷酰胺（CP）诱导的免疫抑制小鼠模型,研究了Z0206细菌富硒多糖的免疫调节功能。试验分为四个处理：Ⅰ组为对照组;Ⅱ组为CP组;Ⅲ组为细菌富硒多糖组;Ⅳ组为细菌富硒多糖预防组。结果表明,与对照组相比,细菌富硒多糖组小鼠免疫器官指数、NK细胞活性、血液溶血素水平（HC50）和脾细胞抗体形成数（PFC）均显著提高（p<0.05）,T细胞亚群增殖有所提高,但差异不显著（p>0.05）。与CP组相比,细菌富硒多糖预防组能使CP诱导的免疫抑制得到修复,改善试验小鼠免疫器官指数、T淋巴细胞和自然杀伤细胞（NK）活性、血液溶血素水平和脾细胞抗体形成数,差异显著（p<0.05）。提示：细菌富硒多糖能增强小鼠的免疫功能,对CP诱导的免疫抑制具有修复作用。     

手掌参多糖对60Co-γ射线辐射小鼠造血和抗氧化功能损伤的治疗作用研究

为研究手掌参多糖对电离辐射损伤小鼠造血和抗氧化功能的治疗作用,本试验选用48只健康雌性昆明小白鼠,随机分为8组,分别为空白组,辐射组,手掌参多糖低、中、高给药组(150、300、600 mg·kg^-1 组)和辐射低、中、高给药组;辐射组和辐射给药组分别用⁶⁰Co-γ射线进行辐射,辐射剂量5.0 Gy(剂量率0.8 Gy·min^-1)。分别在照射后 30 min内灌胃相应剂量的手掌参多糖和生理盐水(空白组、辐射组),连续5 d。末次灌胃后48 h内测定所有小鼠外周血细胞计数、脾脏指数、肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、丙二醛(MDA)含量、骨髓DNA含量、骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核 (MN) 数目及脾脏T淋巴细胞亚群。结果表明,与空白组相比,给药组小鼠抗氧化能力和造血系统得到不同程度的改善,辐射组外周血细胞计数、脾脏指数、骨髓DNA含量、肝脏抗氧化能力及T淋巴细胞亚群极显著降低,MDA含量与MN数目显著升高; 与辐射组相比,辐射给药组小鼠脾脏指数和T-AOC、SOD活性极显著升高,DNA含量、外周血细胞计数也有所升高,CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD8⁺ T淋巴细胞比率升高,MDA含量、MN数目显著降低。上述试验结果表明,手掌参多糖对⁶⁰Co-γ射线照射造成的小鼠造血、抗氧化功能损伤具有治疗作用。本研究为手掌参多糖对辐射损伤的治疗提供了技术参考。     

Effects of soluble tea polysaccharides on hyperglycemia in alloxan-diabetic mice

The effects of tea water extracts (TWE), crude tea polysaccharides (CTP), and a tea polysaccharide fraction (TPF) were tested on hyperglycemic diabetic mice. Results indicated that TWE, CTP, and TPF could significantly decrease fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glucosylated serum protein (GSP) in alloxan-induced diabetic mice compared to the control group. In vitro antioxidant activities of TWE, CTP, and TPF for scavenging hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals decreased with the degree of purification and were lowest for TPF. High-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) and component analysis revealed the molecular mass distribution and constituents of TWE, CTP, and TPF, indicating that a 100-120 kDa fraction contained the hypoglycemic activity. This fraction was essentially composed of polysaccharides (approximately 90%) with substantial amounts of arabinogalactan proteins. The second-derivative IR spectra of TWE, CTP, and TPF with peak intensity around 1075 and 1045 cm(-1), which characterize galactopyranose in the backbone and arabinofuranose units in side branches, respectively, further substantiated the importance of the arabinogalactan proteins. Taken together, the results indicate that a soluble tea polysaccharide is the major hypoglycemic factor in tea and that this polysaccharide may be developed to a potential natural hypoglycemic functional ingredient.     

仿刺参肠多糖对免疫功能的影响及抗肿瘤研究

多糖能参与机体的免疫调节,具有抗肿瘤等多种功能。本实验采用灌胃不同剂量仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)肠多糖的方法,研究了多糖对小鼠(Mus musculus)免疫功能的影响及其对小鼠的抗肿瘤作用。结果显示,仿刺参肠多糖对接种的H22肿瘤具有剂量依赖性的抑制作用,高剂量组(400mg/kg/d)抑瘤效果最好;胸腺指数高剂量肿瘤组最高(P<0.05),而其他各组差异不明显,脾脏指数在肿瘤组内随着剂量的增大表现为先升高再降低,而空白组呈一直上升的趋势;高剂量多糖可以显著提高荷瘤小鼠和空白小鼠的白介素2(IL-2)含量(P<0.05),对荷瘤小鼠的肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)含量也具有显著提升作用(P<0.05),但对空白组小鼠的TNF-α含量影响不显著;荷瘤小鼠的自然杀伤(NK)细胞活力普遍低于空白小鼠,随灌胃剂量的提升空白小鼠NK细胞活力具有上升趋势,荷瘤小鼠的NK细胞活力在中剂量组达到最高后开始下降。实验表明,仿刺参肠多糖可以促进小鼠的免疫功能,并且对小鼠体内肿瘤在一定剂量范围内具有浓度依赖性的抑制作用。     

陕南茶园茶叶品质分析及重金属含量现状评估

为了解陕南茶园茶叶品质及茶园重金属含量现状,以茶叶主产区为研究对象,采集了8个县区330个茶园土壤样品,测定分析了pH值和铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)、铬(Cr)、汞(Hg)、砷(As)、镉(Cd)等7种重金属含量;同时测定分析了33个茶园茶叶品质及茶叶和浸出液中重金属含量。结果表明,茶叶中茶多酚平均含量为25.58%,儿茶素平均总量为20.74%,茶氨酸含量均值为2.45%,游离氨基酸总量均值为4.86%。茶叶中各重金属含量差异较大,Pb为0.04～2.65 mg/kg、Zn为34.82～55.38 mg/kg、Cu为3.18～20.16 mg/kg、Cr为0.09～4.89 mg/kg、Hg为0.02～0.30 mg/kg、As为0.66～1.16mg/kg和Cd为0.02～0.19mg/kg;32茶园茶叶符合《无公害食品茶叶》(NY5244—2004)和NY659—2003标准,33个茶园茶叶Cu含量符合有机茶标准。浸出液中仅检测出Zn、Cu和Cr,平均浸出率分别为:32.65%、24.96%和10.50%。土壤中重金属Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr、Hg、As和Cd的平均含量分别为10.03、87.61、16.42、12.38、0.20、6.89和0.11 mg/kg,综合潜在生态风险指数平均值为95.4,潜在生态风险较低。     

姜辣素对60Co γ射线照射小鼠造血和抗氧化损伤的治疗作用研究

研究了姜辣素对60Coγ射线损伤小鼠造血和抗氧化功能的治疗作用。18只雌性健康昆明小鼠被随机分为3组,每组6只,分别为对照组、照射组、照射给药组。对照组不照射,连续灌胃5d蒸馏水;照射组和照射给药组分别用3Gy60Coγ射线进行照射,并分别在照射后30min内灌胃蒸馏水和姜辣素,连续5d。末次灌胃后48h内测定所有小鼠血液中白细胞(WBC)和红细胞(RBC)数量、脏器指数、肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、丙二醛(MDA)含量及骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核(MN)数目。与对照组相比,照射组脾脏指数、WBC极显著降低(P<0.01),肝脏MDA含量、骨髓MN数目极显著升高(P<0.01);与照射组相比,照射给药组脾脏指数、T-AOC、SOD活性极显著升高(P<0.01),肝脏指数、WBC、RBC含量也有所升高,MDA含量、MN数目极显著降低(P<0.01)。结果表明,姜辣素对60Coγ射线照射造成的小鼠造血、抗氧化功能损伤具有治疗作用。     

Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide improves age-related oxidative stress and immune impairment in mice

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether oxidative stress and immune dysfunction could be attenuated by Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide (PSG-1) in d-galactose (d-gal)-induced aging mice, and provide evidence for its effects. The results showed that PSG-1 significantly decreased lipid peroxidation in liver, brain, and spleen, but concomitantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase compared with the d-gal group. Elevation of glutathione contents and attenuation of glutathione disulfide contents were also found in PSG-1-treated animals. Furthermore, the results showed that PSG-1 treatment increased basal lymphocyte proliferation as well as T cell and B cell proliferation and enhanced interleukin-2 production. Taken together, the results suggested that PSG-1 had potential as a novel agent to promote health and improve aging-associated pathologies, at least in part, via modification of the redox system and improvement of immune function.     

Effects of spraying rare earths on contents of rare Earth elements and effective components in tea

Rare earth (RE) fertilizer is widely applied in China to increase the yield and the quality of crops including tea. However, the effects of spraying RE fertilizer on the contents of rare earth elements (REE) and effective components in tea are unknown. The results from basin and field experiments show that the values of the REE concentrations in new shoots of tea plants and the concentration of REE in the soil (REE/REEs) either from control basins or from treatment basins were smaller than those in other parts of tea plant and similar between control and treatment. The longer the interval between spraying RE fertilizer and picking the shoots of tea plants, the less the effects from spraying. About 80% summation operator REE (the sum of the concentrations of 15 REE) in tea, whether it came from spraying or not, was insoluble in the infusion. About 10% the soluble REE of summation operator REE in tea infusion was bound to polysaccharide, and the amount of REE bound polysaccharide decreased over time. At least a 25 day safety interval is needed between spraying and picking if the microelement fertilizer is used, in order to enhance tea output and to ensure tea safety.     

四川盆地西部漂洗土壤区水体铁元素的分布特征

铁是水质监测的重要指标。为了弄清四川盆地西部漂洗土壤区不同水环境中铁的形态和含量、浅层潜水的季节动态及其形成原因,为该区土、水资源合理利用提供一定参考,于不同时期在四川省名山县漂洗土壤区采集潜水、池塘水、稻田和茶园沟渠地表水、土壤孔隙水及相应的土壤样品,分析了其铁的形态和含量及相应的理化性质。结果表明,从潜水和土壤孔隙水来看,潜水总铁和亚铁含量（分别为0.30、0.08mg·L^-1）均为最低,稻田孔隙水总铁和亚铁含量（分别为2.92、1.13mg·L^-1）均为最高,茶园孔隙水总铁和亚铁含量（3a生以下茶园分别为1.25、0.92mg·L^-1,6a生以上茶园分别为2.66、0.65mg·L^-1）居中;就稻田和茶园的土壤孔隙水与沟渠地表水比较而言,孔隙水总铁和亚铁含量总体上高于沟渠地表水相应的总铁和亚铁含量;潜水总铁和亚铁含量分别变动在0~0.86mg·L^-1和0~0.36mg·L^-1之间,其季节动态在不同区域间存在一定差异,与其所处地形部位及地表径流条件、离居民房屋和畜禽圈舍远近、土壤pH、有机质和铁元素的形态和含量、土地利用方式及作物种植年限、天气状况及水井自身氧化还原电位等条件有关。     

突变型抑癌基因p53在蛋鸡J亚群禽白血病中的表达

摘要: 蛋鸡J亚群禽白血病是病毒引起的肿瘤性传染病。为了探讨J亚群禽白血病病毒的致癌分子机理, 观察蛋用型鸡发生J亚群禽白血病时p53抑癌基因在各脏器中的表达, 应用链霉亲和素-生物素-过氧化物酶复合物免疫组化（SABC）法，研究了蛋用型鸡J亚群禽白血病自然病例的肝脏、肾脏、腺胃、肿瘤、输卵管、心脏、胰脏、骨髓、脾脏、肺脏、十二指肠、胸腺和法氏囊。结果表明：突变型p53在肝脏、肾脏、腺胃、肿瘤、输卵管中表达量最高，心脏、胰脏、骨髓、脾脏、肺脏、十二指肠、胸腺及法氏囊均可检出中等量的表达。这一结果提示突变型抑癌基因p53的表达参与蛋鸡J亚群禽白血病发生、发展过程。     

Tissue iron distribution and adaptation of iron absorption in rats exposed to a high dietary level of NaFeEDTA

Although it has been shown that iron absorption from NaFeEDTA, a promising iron fortificant, is effectively down-regulated in iron-loaded rats, effects of prolonged exposure to high dietary levels of NaFeEDTA are not well understood. The objectives of this study were to determine whether rats can adapt to a high dietary level of NaFeEDTA by down-regulating iron absorption, and to determine effects on tissue iron distribution, with or without an iron absorption inhibitor. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to diets supplemented with FeSO4 or NaFeEDTA at 1200 mg of Fe/kg of diet, with or without tea, for 27 days. Iron absorption measured by whole-body counting before and after exposure showed that rats adapted to the high dietary level of FeSO4 or NaFeEDTA by down-regulating iron absorption to a similar extent. However, nonheme iron concentrations in liver and spleen were about 35-50% lower, whereas the concentration in kidney was about 300% higher in rats fed NaFeEDTA, compared to rats fed FeSO4. Tea had no major impact on iron absorption or iron status, regardless of iron source. Our results showed that although iron absorption was down-regulated similarly, body iron distribution was markedly different between rats exposed to FeSO4 and those exposed to NaFeEDTA. Further studies are warranted to determine the effects of prolonged exposure to dietary NaFeEDTA on kidney iron accumulation and kidney function.     

HSP70及HSP70 mRNA在热应激肉鸡组织中的定位

利用间接法免疫组织化学技术和RNA探针原位杂交技术，研究了HSP70 及HSP70 mRNA在热应激6 h处理肉鸡心脏、肝脏、肺脏、肾脏、脾脏、胸腺和法氏囊等组织中的分布。结果显示，热应激6 h时HSP70 mRNA主要分布在肉鸡肝脏和肺脏中的血管壁及其周围，心肌纤维也有少量阳性信号，而脾脏、法氏囊和胸腺等组织未检出现阳性信号；热应激6 h时HSP70主要分布在所检肉鸡各种组织的血管壁。提示HSP70与热应激肉鸡心血管系统具有相关性，可能与心血管系统的功能和损伤有关。     

Use of cyanobacterial polysaccharides to promote shrub performances in desert soils: a potential approach for the restoration of desertified areas

The importance of cyanobacterial polysaccharides of biological soil crusts in sand surface stabilization and soil nutrient retention has been long acknowledged. However, the role of cyanobacterial polysaccharides as a source of nutrition to vascular plants in crusted areas is ignored. In this study, the chemical composition of the polysaccharide synthesized by Phormidium tenue and the effects of its presence on seed germination and seedling metabolism of the shrub Caragana korshinskii were investigated. The crude polysaccharide synthesized by P. tenue was composed of 15 % protein and 58 % carbohydrate and showed the presence of 12 different types of monosaccharides. The addition of the polysaccharide significantly (P?<?0.05) increased seed germination and metabolic activity of the seedling of the shrub C. korshinskii. The optimal concentration for vigor index, root length, root vigor, and total N and P contents was 10 mg/L polysaccharide; for the germination rate, nitrate reductase activity, carbohydrate content, chlorophyll, and Mg²⁺ content, the optimal was 60 mg/L polysaccharide, while for K⁺ and Ca²⁺ contents, photosynthetic efficiency and superoxide dismutase activity was 120 mg/L. The presence of the polysaccharide increased seed germination rate, ion uptake, and photosynthetic activity by affecting the electron transport chain and decreased oxidative damage by eliminating reactive oxygen species in C. korshinskii, thus promoting shrub performance in crusted desert areas.     

贵州省开阳茶园土壤养分状况与肥力质量评价

为明确贵州省开阳县茶园土壤养分状况,为优质茶叶生产提供参考,对贵州省开阳县茶园土壤进行了调查,分析了158个土壤样品的养分含量及养分间的相关性,并采用主成分分析法和模糊数学隶属度函数模型,通过计算土壤肥力综合指标值(IFI)对土壤养分状况进行综合评价。结果表明:贵州省开阳茶园土壤p H偏酸,有机质、全氮和碱解氮含量较为丰富;但全磷、速效磷、全钾和速效钾含量缺乏所占比例较大,分别仅有16.46%、14.56%、20.89%和12.66%的土壤样品达到优质高产茶园标准。开阳茶园土壤IFI值平均为0.59,属于中等以上土壤肥力茶园所占的比例为61.40%,茶园土壤肥力质量总体水平属于良好,但土壤偏酸,速效磷和速效钾的含量相对偏低,应重点改酸和增施磷钾肥。     

Bioavailability of iron from wheat aegilops derivatives selected for high grain iron and protein contents

A coupled in vitro digestion/Caco-2 model was employed to assess iron bioavailability from wheat Aegilops derivatives selected for high iron and protein contents. The iron content in wheat genotypes used in this study correlated to a great extent with both protein (r = 0.80) and phytate (r = 0.68) contents. The iron bioavailability was based on Caco-2 cell ferritin formation from cooked digests of these derivatives (relative to WL711 control) and correlated positively with dialyzable iron (r = 0.63) and total iron content (r = 0.38) but not with the phytate content. The apparently decreased phytate/iron molar ratios, however, correlated negatively (r = -0.42) with the iron bioavailability, justifying the utilization of these parameters in biofortification programs. Iron bioavailability in the derivatives increased up to 1.5-fold, corresponding to a 1.5-2.2-fold increase observed in iron content over control. These data suggest that biofortification for iron proportionately leading to higher iron bioavailability will be the most feasible and cost-effective approach to combat micronutrient deficiency.     

高氨基酸和高茶氨酸茶树资源筛选

为筛选高氨基酸和高茶氨酸茶树资源及探究茶树中茶氨酸与氨基酸含量之间的关系,本研究利用茚三酮显色法结合酶标仪检测技术测定218份茶树资源春季一芽二叶蒸青样的氨基酸含量,利用高效液相色谱法测定了其茶氨酸含量。结果表明,218份资源的氨基酸含量介于1.50%~8.98%之间,其中高氨基酸茶树资源(氨基酸含量≥5%)55份;茶氨酸含量介于0%~4.03%之间,其中高茶氨酸茶树资源(茶氨酸含量≥3%)13份,不含茶氨酸的茶树资源4份;茶氨酸与氨基酸含量的比值介于0~0.78之间,且集中分布于0.2~0.5之间,二者的相关性系数达0.752,呈极显著正相关。本研究筛选获得了一批氨基酸特异的茶树资源,为高氨基酸和高茶氨酸茶树新品种选育及其形成的分子机理研究奠定了基础。     

超高压提取黄精多糖及提高运动耐力机制

为确定炮制黄精多糖(PPP)的最佳提取工艺,本试验以黄精为原料,进行炮制,利用超高压技术提取PPP,分析了压力强度、保压时间、料液比对PPP提取率的影响,采用Box-Behnken响应面分析法(RSM)优化PPP提取条件,并对所得多糖进行动物体内试验,分析小鼠血清、肝脏和左腿腓肠肌中相关酶的活性变化,探究其提高机体运动耐力机制。结果表明,PPP最佳提取工艺条件为:液料比23 mL·g^-1、保压时间6.73 min,压力强度293 MPa,在此条件下PPP得率为13.46%;能显著提高小鼠力竭游泳时间(P<0.05),相比于游泳对照组,小鼠血清中尿素氮(SUN)、乳酸(Lac)和肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量显著下降(P<0.05),同时乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性下降、Ca²⁺Mg²⁺-ATP酶及肌酸激酶(CK)活性上升,对提高小鼠运动耐力具有较好的效果。本研究结果为超高压提取PPP奠定了基础,并为PPP提高运动耐力的机制研究提供了数据支持。