Rhythms in pheromone production of the male boll weevil

Male boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis, held in a light regimen of 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness released pheromone rhythmically during the 24 hours. The amount released during peaks was typically 20 times the amount released in valleys. The ratio of the two alcohol components of the pheromone also showed a daily rhythm. Under continuous light, both the release of pheromone and the ratio of the two alcohol components were arrhythmic. In darkness, pheromone release was diminished more than tenfold over the 20-day test period.     

Sex attractant pheromone of the house fly: isolation, identification and synthesis

A sex pheromone isolated from the cuticle and feces of the female house fly attracts the male fly; it has been identified as (Z)-9-tricosene. Chemical and biological comparisons of the natural and synthesized compounds show that they are identical.     

Sex attractant of the pink bollworm moth: isolation, identification, and synthesis

The sex attractant produced in extremely small amount by the virgin female pink bollworm moth has been isolated in pure form and identified as 10-propyl-trans- 5, 9-tridecadienyl acetate. Successful synthesis of this molecule confirms the structure and makes possible its practical use to help control this destructive pest of cotton. The attractant, for which the common name "propylure" is suggested, may be the first naturally occurring compound with propyl branching to be reported.     

Aphid alarm pheromone: isolation, identification, synthesis

A broadly interspecific aphid alarm pheromone was isolated from several economically important species of aphids and identified as trans-beta-farnesene.     

Sex pheromones and reproductive isolation of the lesser peachtree borer and the peachtree borer

(E,Z)-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate, and (Z,Z)-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate, isolated from the female lesser peachtree borer, Synanthedon pictipes (Grote and Robinson), and the female peachtree borer, Sanninoidea exitiosa (Say), respectively, strongly attract the respective males of these species in field bioassays. These compounds are the largest pheromones isolated thus far from a lepidopterous species. Sanninoidea exitiosa males did not respond to the synthesized (E,Z)-isomer, and low concentrations of it in the synthesized (Z,Z)-isomer did not interfere with their response to the (Z,Z)-isomer. In contrast, even very low concentrations of the (Z,Z)-isomer (1 percent) in the (E,Z)-isomer significantly inhibited the response of Synanthedon pictipes males.     

Hampea schlecht.: possible primary host of the cotton boll weevil

The boll weevil severely in fests buds in natural stands of Hampea sp. in Veracrutz, Mexico. The geography atid ecology of these trees suggest that they mlay be the long-sought prilnary hiost of the boll weevil.     

Host-seeking stimulant for parasite of corn earworm: isolation, identification, and synthesis

13-Methylhentriacontane has been identified in the feces and larvae of the corn earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), as the major constituent that triggers the short-range host-seeking response of the parasite Microplitis croceipes (Cresson). This chemical, the first found that mediates the complex host-parasite relation, could upgrade present efforts to use parasites for insect control. Bioassay of closely related compounds indicated that the structural requirements for activity are remarkably specific.     

Potent sex attractant of the gypsy moth: its isolation, identification, and synthesis

The sex attractant emitted by the female gypsy moth has been identified as cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane. The structure was verified by spectral, gas chromatographic, and biological comparisons with the synthesized compound. Nine closely related isomers were considerably less effective.     

Sex pheromones: abolition of specificity in hybrid bark beetles

Specificity of sex pheromones maintains breeding isolation among three closely related species of spruce-infesting Ips. Hybrids produced in the laboratory were intermediate to the parent species in both attractiveness and response. Pheromones and pheromone receptor types in the hybrids are probably mixtures of those of the parent species.     

Sweetclover-weevil feeding deterrent B: isolation and identification

Deterrent B, a compound apparently involved in the resistance of Melilotus infesta to the sweetclover weevil Sitona cylindricollis, has been isolated from leaves by a combination of preparative paper chromatography, sublimation, and crystallization. The compound has been identified as ammonium nitrate. Isolated deterrent B and ammonium nitrate have identical feeding deterrent activities. Although the deterrent principle was isolated as the ammonium salt, nitrate ion is probably responsible for the deterrent activity in vivo.     

应用双重PCR技术鉴定猪胎儿性别及其细胞系建立

sry和zfy/x是与哺乳动物性别决定有关的重要基因。本试验针对猪sry基因设计了两对PCR引物,以zfy/x为内参基因,利用双重PCR技术对6只30d左右猪胎儿的性别进行鉴定。结果表明,所有的6个样品都有447bp(雄性)或445bp(雌性)的zfy或zfx序列的扩增带,而采用两对不同的引物对sry序列扩增后,有1个样品出现241bp和166bp的扩增带为雄性,其余的无特异性扩增带为雌性,然后采用胶原酶消化培养法建立已知性别的猪胎儿成纤维细胞系。该方法具有简单、快速、准确的特点,为转基因克隆动物研究中尽早转染目的基因以及培养特定性别的胎儿成纤维细胞系提供了可靠的依据。     

Thallphytic alleopathy: isolation and identification of laetisaric Acid

Laetisaria arvalis, a soil-dwelling basidiomycete fungus, secretes an allelopathic agent that induces rapid hyphal lysis in several phytopathogenic fungi. The active compound was isolated from chloroform:methanol extracts of L. arvalis mycelia and characterized as a previously unknown hydroxy fatty acid, (Z,Z-9,12-8-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid.     

生物复合菌肥“地霸”的菌群分离鉴定及生物学特性的初步研究

对生物复合菌肥进行菌群的分离鉴定、含菌量的测定和比较以及菌株生物学特性的初步研究.该生物复合菌肥中含有活性较高的固氮菌(维氏固氮菌)、钾细菌和无机磷细菌,每克菌肥中细菌总数达到2.0亿～2.5亿.固氮菌在修改的Dobereiner无氮培养基上生长良好,固氮活性较强,该菌生长最适温度在20～32℃之间,生长的pH值范围是5.5～8.5,最适pH值是7.5.     

羽毛降解菌Deinococcus actinosclerus RM的分离、鉴定及其产生的蛋白酶酶学性质

从羽毛废弃物的排水沟污泥中采集污泥样品,通过富集培养、分离、纯化、发酵筛选,获得一株降解羽毛效果最佳的RM菌株.对该菌株进行形态特征、16S rDNA序列以及生理生化试验初步鉴定RM菌株为Deinococcus actinosclerus.该菌株在4%羽毛含量条件下,培养7 d后对羽毛的降解率高达60%,且羽毛水解产物含有多种氨基酸,如丝氨酸、天冬氨酸.RM菌株产生的胞外蛋白酶以丝氨酸蛋白酶为主,也含有天冬氨酸蛋白酶、半胱氨酸蛋白酶.粗酶液最适反应温度为45℃,最适pH为10.0;金属离子Cu~(2+)、Mg~(2+)能够提高蛋白酶活性,而Ca~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、Zn~(2+)及蛋白酶抑制剂苯甲基磺酰氟、乙二胺四乙酸、亮抑蛋白酶肽对酶活性有抑制作用.通过以上结果可知,RM菌株对羽毛的高效降解具有较高的潜在应用价值.     

357细菌拮抗物质的提取和生物活性检测

从Bacillus cereus中提取了357细菌的拮抗物质。该拮抗物质为非蛋白类的脂溶性物质。它对真菌、细菌、酵母以及小鼠腹水肿瘤细胞的生长有很强的抑制作用。该细菌只能在固体培养的条件下分泌拮抗物质。     

Lactoperoxidase: identification and isolation from Harderian and lacrimal glands

Investigation of bovine lacrimal and harderian glands revealed the presence of the enzyme lactoperoxidase, which was isolated and purified. A nonheme, iron-containing protein was identified at the same time. Both proteins are present in milk, mammary glands, and salivary glands. Their roles are discussed: The lactoperoxidase may be important in controlling bacterial flora.     

滑液囊霉形体的分离鉴定与防治的研究

本研究从患病鸡跗关节和足垫中分离并鉴定了滑液囊霉形体，证实了邯郸市滑膜形霉形体的地方性流行，据流行病学调查该病与种鸡的垂直传播有关，该病经治疗收到良好效果，从而为预防和治疗该病寻求了有效途径。