氯前列烯醇冷冻干燥针剂诱导母猪同期分娩研究

在急性毒性和亚急性毒性试验研究基础上，研究新研制成功的国产氯前列烯醇冷冻干燥针剂诱导母猪同期分娩的效果。结果表明，氯前列烯醇0．05，0.10，0．20mg／头均可有效诱导临产母猪在药物处理后35h内集中分娩；氯前列烯醇0．05mg组、0．10mg／头组白天分娩率分别为80．0％和73．3％，极显著（P〈0．01）和显著（P〈0．05）高于自然分娩组（30．0％）；和自然分娩对照组比较，氯前列烯醇各剂量组对仔猪出生个体重、48h成活率、死胎率等参数均未见显著影响（P〉0．05）。氯前列烯醇冷冻干燥针剂0．05～0．20mg可有效地诱导临产母猪同期分娩，但以1次肌肉注射0.05mg／头为宜。     

氯前列烯醇诱导母猪同期分娩的试验

临产英系大白母猪66头,随机分为两组,试验组36头,用氯前列烯醇诱导母猪分娩;对照组30头,自然分娩。结果试验组在用药后24.08±9.18h(小时)开始分娩,白天分娩比例,平均妊娠期、胎衣排出时间间隔分别为80.56%、114.47±0.70d、24.92±31.99min。对照组分别为53.33%、115.27±1.70d、41.97±42.68min,差异均达到显著水平;而在产程、产仔间隔、初生窝重、活仔均重、产仔数、死胎数、弱仔数、木乃伊数及活仔数等方面,两组间差异不显著。试验结果表明,应用氯前列烯醇诱导可使母猪分娩高度同期化,对新生仔猪无不良影响,经济效益显著。     

D-氯前列烯醇诱导母猪同期分娩的试验

本试验用德国长白与德国汉普夏杂种母猪进行诱导分娩试验。 87头青年母猪和 2 0 7头经产母猪妊娠至1 1 3d随机分成 3组 :第 1组为D 氯前列烯醇组 ,每头母猪肌注 75 μgD 氯前列烯醇 ;第 2组为氯前列烯醇组 ,每头母猪肌注 1 75 μg氯前列烯醇 ;第 3组为对照组 ,每头母猪肌注 2mL生理盐水。结果D 氯前列烯醇和氯前列烯醇组处理至分娩开始的间隔明显短于对照组 (P <0 .0 1 )。氯前列烯醇组的处理至分娩的间隔比D 氯前列烯醇组短约2h ,但差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。对照组的产程明显比诱导分娩组的长 (P <0 .0 5 )。D 氯前列烯醇和氯前列烯醇组的死胎率比对照组低 (分别为 4 .0 %,4 .7%和 5 .5 %) ,但差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。结果表明 :D 氯前列烯醇和氯前列烯醇一样 ,能用来诱导母猪同期分娩 ,并能缩短母猪产程 ,降低死胎率。诱导分娩对仔猪的成活率没有影响     

国产氯前列烯醇诱导妊娠母猪白天分娩效果

选择2～6胎的长白母猪116头和大约克母猪124头,随机(兼顾品系)分为试验低剂量组(0郾05mg/头)、中剂量组(0郾1mg/头)、高剂量组(0郾2mg/头)和对照组,每组60头,对有近分娩临床指征的怀孕112～115d的母猪注射氯前列烯醇或生理盐水,观察母猪分娩情况。结果,白天分娩率、产仔间隔、平均窝产仔时间、死胎率等方面均有显著差异,初生活仔窝重、28d育成率、28d断奶窝均重、28d断奶个体重等方面差异不显著。     

氯前列烯醇不同注射方案对调控母猪分娩的影响

将409头2～7胎二元杂种母猪随机分为3个处理组。对照组102头,自然分娩;试验一:187头分4个处理组,在妊娠113 d上午7:20—8:00分别耳后根肌肉注射1 mL和2 mL氯前列烯醇,外阴基部注射1 mL和2 mL氯前列烯醇;试验二:120头分4个处理组,在妊娠期113 d早上10:30—11:00分别耳后根肌肉注射1 mL和2 mL氯前列烯醇,外阴基部注射1 mL和2 mL氯前列烯醇。结果表明:1)从白天分娩率来看,早上10:30—11:00注射氯前列烯醇钠组,白天分娩率均显著高于对照组(外阴注射2 mL组除外);2)但从产程、死胎率和弱仔率来看,各处理组间差异均不显著(P0.05);3)从集中分娩的数据来看,氯前列烯醇处理组妊娠期均相对缩短,但均差异不显著(P0.05)。结果提示,氯前列烯醇能提高集中分娩率和白天分娩率,但对产程、死胎和弱仔效果不显著。     

重组防御素对母猪生产性能的改善

为了评价基因工程防御素对母猪生产性能的影响,在广宁广三保畜牧有限公司进行了试验。将48头母猪随机分成2组,其中试验组24头,对照组24头。共产仔525头,跟踪记录2组母猪的生产I生能。结果表明,试验组与对照组相比,试验组的初生成活率明显高于对照组：对照组死亡率为17．07％．试验组为11.34％,比对照组降低33．57％（P〈0．01）;死胎率降低了28．05％（P〈0．05）：弱仔率降低34．15％（P〈0．01）;木乃伊胎率降低57．79％（P〈0．05）;平均个重提高3．68％（P〈0．01）。基因工程防御素能够显著增强母猪免疫九提高其生产性能。     

猪饲养管理中应注意的几个问题

1母猪产仔时间如果母猪在晚上产仔，给管理带来很多不便。使用氯前列烯醇钠可以达到控制分娩时间的目的，但是注射时间、注射部位是关键的问题。前列烯醇钠一般采用肌肉注射，注射时间却没有具体说明。但是实践证明，前列烯醇，注射时间掌握在下午6点钟，注射部位选择皮下注射效果好，98％母猪可以在注射后第2天分娩，一般注射后20小时产仔。母猪阴部注射，用量1毫升（这个部位可以减少用量），见效快。     

氯前列烯醇对母猪产仔性能的影响

在母猪饲养过程中，保证母猪生产较多的健康仔猪，获得较高的母猪产仔数，以便为肉猪生产提供较多的数量基础，是广大养猪场和养猪户追求的目标。近年来，氯前列烯醇对诱导母猪分娩的作用已得到证实，并且，母猪产前注射氯前烯醇，控制母猪白天集中产仔，已被应用于养猪生产中。另据有关文献报道，母猪产后注射氯前列烯醇可起到清洁子宫，防止子宫发炎，缩短母猪断奶到发情的间隔时间及提高母猪产仔数量的作用。为了更好掌握该药的用法，我们进行了“氯前列烯醇对母猪产仔性能的影响”试验。１材料和方法１．１药物兽用氯前列烯醇注射液由上…     

母猪繁殖障碍症综合防治及其效果分析

母猪繁殖障碍综合症的表现形式多种多样，有产死胎、木乃伊胎、流产等等，母猪产仔日期比预产期推迟或提前，而弓愧母猪繁殖障碍的因素又较多，有传染性和非传染性两大类，如细小病毒、乙型脑炎、伪狂犬病、猪瘟、李氏杆菌病、布氏杆菌病、弓形体、衣原体等都能引起母猪发生流产或产死胎，后备母猪过早地提前使用，热应激等也可以造成产死胎。流产。红星牧业公司下属某猪场从1992－1993年母猪分娩728窝，其中产死胎或木乃伊胎共818头，总产仔76op头，死胎率10．64％，在所有分娩母猪中，有37头次产全死胎，占分娩窝数的5．08％。该场产死胎…     

氯前列烯醇诱导母猪同期分娩的试验

临产英系大白母猪66头。随机分为两组,试验组36头,用氯前列烯醇诱导分娩;对照组30头,自然分娩。结果:试验组在用药后(24.08±9.18)小时开始分娩,两天内有94.44％(34/36)母猪分娩。试验组白天分娩比例,平均妊娠期、胎衣排出期分别为80.56％、(114.47±0.70)d、(24.92±31.99)min;对照组分别为53.33％、(115.27±1.70)d、(41.97±42.68)min,差异均达到显著水平;而在产程、产仔间隔、头均初生重、窝均死胎数及窝均活仔数等方面,两组间差异不显著。试验结果表明。应用氯前列烯醇诱导可使母猪分娩高度同期化,对新生仔猪无不良影响,经济效益显著。     

Multiple oxytocin application increases the predictability of prostaglandin induced farrowing in swine

In a large Croatian commercial unit, 1204 of parity 2-7 late pregnant sows were from January till Mai 2002 randomly assigned to four farrowing groups and treated as follows: Group one (n = 302 sows) received a single perivulvar injection of 175 g cloprostenol at day 113 of pregnancy. The remaining animals have received a treatment as group one and were additionally treated with 10 IU of oxytocin intramuscularly 6 hours after prostaglandin application (Group two, n = 311), or with 10 IU of oxytocin 6 and 12 hours later (Group three, n = 291), or 10 IU of oxytocin 6, 12 and 18 hours later (Group four, n = 300). Onset of farrowing, duration of parturition, total born litter size and stillbirth rate were evaluated. Except total born litter size, combined oxytocin + cloprostenol treated sows revealed significantly (p < 0.01) better results as the only with cloprostenol treated ones. Multiple oxytocin application increased the predictability of farrowing. The application of multiple oxytocin injections following prostaglandin partusinduction are recommended for batch farrowing of sows in large production units.     

长大、PIC、混血母猪繁殖性状研究

对红河州某猪场长大母猪311窝、PIC母猪138窝及当地农村饲养混血母猪753窝的繁殖性状进行测定,探讨品种、胎次和分娩季节对母猪繁殖性状的影响。结果表明,品种因素对母猪产仔性能有显著影响,长大母猪和混血母猪的总产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重、28 d校正断奶窝重均极显著高于PIC母猪（P〈0.01）,长大母猪和混血母猪间除初生窝重、初生个体重和28 d校正断奶成活率有极显著差异（P〈0.01）外,其它指标差异均不显著（P〉0.05）。胎次因素对母猪产仔性能产生显著影响,经产母猪显著高于初产母猪（P〈0.05）,长大、PIC母猪2~8胎、混血母猪3胎以上产仔性能较好,其中长大、PIC母猪以第4胎最佳。分娩季节对PIC、混血母猪的繁殖性状无显著影响（P〉0.05）,而对长大母猪的产活仔数有显著影响（P〈0.05）。     

非传染病因素对母猪死胎与木乃伊胎发生的Logistic回归分析

目的:探讨除疾病以外对母猪死胎,木乃伊胎的影响因素。方法,用Logistic回归分析对胎次,配种月份、产仔月份、产活仔数、总产仔数、木乃伊胎率和死胎率进行回归分析。结果表明,在死胎的回归分析中,产活仔数、木乃伊胎率和总产仔数3个因素被选入多因素Logistic回归模型中,其OR值分别为:36.266、0.030和0.002。在木乃伊胎进行回归分析中,分娩月份、产活仔数、死胎率和总产仔数4个因素被选入多因素Logistic回归模型中,其OR值分别为:1.092,0.404,0.227,2.561。结论:死胎的发生与环境温度、胎次无回归关系,木乃伊胎与分娩时环境温度或临近分娩时的环境温度有正回归关系,死胎和木乃伊胎都与产活仔数有负回归关系,与总产仔数有正回归关系,互相进入对方的回归方程。     

分娩与断奶背膘厚度对猪繁殖性能的影响研究

为研究母猪分娩与断奶时背膘厚度对繁殖性能的影响,使用A超测定母猪分娩及断奶时的背膘厚度,根据分娩时背膘厚度将试验动物分为1组（X＜10 mm）、2 组（10 mm≤X≤14 mm）、3 组（X＞14 mm）,根据断奶时背膘厚度将试验动物分为A组（X＜7 mm）、B组（7 mm≤X＜10 mm）、C组（10 mm≤X＜13 mm）、D组（13 mm≤X＜16 mm）、E组（X≥16 mm）,又根据母猪哺乳期间损失的背膘厚度分为Ⅰ组（X＜3 mm）、Ⅱ组（3 mm≤X≤6 mm）、Ⅲ组（X＞6 mm）,用方差分析比较各组繁殖表现,并建立了发情间隔对背膘厚度的回归方程。结果表明,分娩时产死胎母猪的比例2组是10.5%,在3组中最小;断奶后平均发情间隔C组显著低于其他各组(P＜0.05);哺乳期间背膘损失最大的Ⅲ组母猪平均发情间隔为8 d,显著高于Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组(P＜0.05)。表明分娩与断奶背膘厚对母猪繁殖性能有显著影响,膘情适中的母猪有最好的繁殖表现,并建立了回归方程Y=31.787－6.169X +0.440X²－0.009X³,用于预测母猪发情配种日期。     

Influence of Postpartum Cloprostenol Treatment in Sows on Subsequent Reproductive Performance under Field Conditions

During the previous decade several studies focused on postpartum treatment with prostaglandin for improvement of reproductive performance in sows. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of administration of a prostaglandin F_{2 α} (PGF_{2 α} ) analogue in sows within 24–48 h after farrowing on sow and litter performance. In five commercial farms, the sows were randomly assigned to either treatment A (2 ml cloprostenol, Planate^IM) or treatment B (2 ml physiological saline solution, i.m.). Fifteen per cent of all sows were at random selected for progesterone analysis. Litter performance was assessed by measuring pre-weaning mortality and average daily weight gain (ADG). Sow performance was assessed by measuring weaning-to-oestrus interval (WOI), the percentage of sows returning to oestrus and litter size during subsequent farrowing. Administration of a PGF_{2 α} analogue within 24–48 h postpartum had no effect on the rate of progesterone decline measured over 24 h compared with that of the controls. Litter performance and WOI were not affected by treatment. The subsequent litter size in sows of parity seven and more showed a significant difference of 1.98 piglets (p < 0.01) between both groups, to the benefit of the cloprostenol group. In conclusion, administration of a synthetic PGF_{2 α} analogue, cloprostenol, within 24–48 h after farrowing improved litter size at next farrowing in older (≥7 parity) sows.     

Urogenital diseases and their effect on reproductive performance in high-parity sows

In a Slowakian indoor pig production unit (2423 sows), from June to December 2002 all culled sows with excessive vulval discharge at culling, and with vulval discharge and periparturient disease in their previous history were subjected to retrospective lifetime production analysis. The sows were assigned to nine groups according to parity (parity 1-9). Average total litter size, average live-born litter size, average stillbirth rate, average mummy rate, and average litter weaning weight were evaluated retrospectively for all births. Non-culled sows represented the control animals. The percentage of animals with periparturient disease and vulval discharge in their history differed between parities. Parity 2, 3, and 4 sows had a significantly lower percentage of vulval discharge and periparturient disease in their history than sows of other parities. Compared to parity 1-6 sows, parity 7-9 sows had significantly lower (P < .001) conception rates, farrowing rates, and adjusted farrowing rates. Compared to parity 1-2 and 7-9 sows, parity 3-6 sows had a significantly larger (P < .001) lifetime average total born and live-born litter size. Compared to parity 1-3 and 7-9 sows, parity 4-6 sows had a significantly lower (P < .001) rate of stillbirths over all parities. No differences in mummy rates were detected between the sows of different parities. Compared to parity 1-2 and 7-9 sows, parity 3-6 sows had significantly higher (P < .001) weaning litter weights over all parities. Sows without a history of vulval discharge and periparturient disease had higher (P < .001) production levels in parity 7-9. IMPLICATIONS: The present results indicate that parity markedly influences the production level of sows that have a history of periparturient disease and vulval discharge.     

不同赖氨酸水平的低蛋白质日粮对泌乳母猪生产性能和氮排泄量的影响

为探讨低蛋白质日粮赖氨酸水平对泌乳母猪生产性能和氮排泄量的影响,选用3～6胎次、体况相似、预产期相近的60头长大二元杂交母猪,随机分成4个组,每组15头母猪,分别饲喂总赖氨酸水平为0.90％、0.95％、1.00％和1.05％的4种低蛋白质氨基酸平衡日粮,泌乳期21 d.结果表明,0.90％组和0.95％组仔猪窝均增重和平均日增重显著高于1.00％组和1.05％组（P＜0.05）,但0.90％组和0.95％组间、1.00％组和1.05％组间不显著（P＞0.05）;0.90％组母猪泌乳期体重损失显著高于其他3组（P＜0.05）,但其他3组间差异不显著（P＞0.05）;赖氨酸水平对母猪泌乳期日均采食量和断奶发情间隔影响不显著（P＞0.05）;0.90％组和0.95％组氮表观消化率显著高于1.00％组和1.05％组（P＜0.05）、粪氮排泄量显著低于1.00％和1.05％组（P＜0.05）.可见,在低蛋白质氨基酸平衡日粮的条件下,泌乳母猪赖氨酸适宜摄入量为50.05 g/d,即日粮赖氨酸水平为0.95％,能获得较好的生产性能.     

养殖规模对不同胎次母猪生产力的影响

为了比较不同规模猪场不同胎次母猪繁殖力的高低,本研究采集了106家不同规模猪场母猪的详细生产数据。按母猪实际存栏头数将猪场划分为<1 000、1 000~5 000、5 000~10 000和≥10 000头4个规模,分析不同规模猪场母猪1~9胎次活仔率、健仔率、畸形仔率、死胎率、木乃伊率、断奶活仔率及窝均产总仔数、窝均产活仔数、窝均产健仔数、窝均产死胎数、窝均断奶活仔数、窝均出生个体重、窝均出生窝重等相关繁殖指标的差异。结果表明,在胎次相同的情况下,猪场活仔率、健仔率和断奶活仔率随着饲养规模的扩大呈逐渐升高的趋势,而畸形仔率、死胎率和木乃伊率则呈相反趋势。母猪实际存栏头数≥10 000头的猪场1~7胎次（第4胎除外）的活仔率、健仔率和断奶活仔率均显著高于<1 000头猪场（P<0.05）,而与其他两个规模猪场差异不显著（P>0.05）。母猪存栏数<1 000头的猪场1、2、3、5、7胎次的死胎率显著高于其他3个规模猪场（P<0.05）。各个胎次的窝均产总仔数、产活仔数、产健仔数、畸形仔数、死胎数、木乃伊数、出生窝重都随着猪场饲养规模的扩大呈逐渐降低的趋势。<1 000头的猪场第2、3胎的母猪窝均产总仔数、产活仔数、产死胎数、窝均断奶活仔数、窝均出生窝重均显著高于其他3个规模猪场（P<0.05）。综上,养殖规模对不同胎次母猪生产力均产生较大影响,中大规模猪场（≥1 000头）的母猪繁殖力整体上低于小规模猪场（<1 000头）,但仔猪的体况和成活率要优于小规模猪场。     

Altrenogest Treatment Associated with a Farrowing Induction Protocol to Avoid Early Parturition in Sows

This study investigated the effect of altrenogest treatment on the farrowing development of sows, and birth weight (BW) and piglet survival until the third day of life. Three control groups were used: (i) sows that farrowed spontaneously before 114 day of gestation (CONT <114); (ii) sows that spontaneously farrowed at ≥114 day of gestation (CONT ≥114); (iii) sows that farrowed at ≥114 day with cloprostenol treatment (CONTCLOPR). Other sows were treated with altrenogest (Regumate^®) for 3 days (days 111, 112 and 113 of gestation): one group gave birth spontaneously (ALT) and the other group received altrenogest until day 113 and cloprostenol on day 114 (ALTCLOPR). There were no differences (p > 0.05) in farrowing duration, BW, coefficient of variation (CV) of BW, stillborn piglets, mummified foetuses, percentage of light piglets and survival until Day 3 between sows with and without cloprostenol treatment, in both control (CONT ≥114 vs CONTCLOPR) and altrenogest‐treated sows (ALT vs ALTCLOPR). Further comparisons were performed taking into account three groups: sows with early delivery (CONT <114 – farrowing before 114 days of gestation; n = 56), sows with longer gestation (CONT ≥114 – with and without cloprostenol treatment sows; n = 103) and ALT sows (with and without cloprostenol treatment; n = 105). Gestation length of CONT ≥114 and ALT sows was similar (p > 0.05), but higher than in CONT <114 sows. There were no differences (p > 0.05) between groups in farrowing duration, CV of BW, and percentages of stillborn piglets and mummified foetuses. Sows of CONT <114 group had a larger litter size and a lower BW than sows of the other two groups (p < 0.05). Sows of CONT <114 group had a higher percentage of lighter piglets and a lower piglet survival rate (p < 0.05) than ALT sows. In conclusion, altrenogest treatment proved to be an efficient method to avoid early parturition in 3–5 parity sows resulting in heavier piglets at birth.     

Effect of Cloprostenol Treatment at Artificial Insemination on Sow Fertility

In two experiments, we examined the effect of administration of cloprostenol at artificial insemination on fertility of multiparous sows. Lactation length was 21 days and only sows exhibiting estrus by 7 days after weaning were included. Cloprostenol was administered by IM injection (175 microg; n=126) or supplemented in the semen dose (525 microg; n=129). Control sows (n=130) received no hormone. In either experiment, there was no effect of any treatment on subsequent litter sizes. In experiment 1, there was no effect of treatment on farrowing rate, but in experiment 2, farrowing rate was higher (p < 0.05) in sows receiving cloprostenol by injection. Taken together, these results indicate no consistent effect of cloprostenol administration by intramuscular injection or by inclusion in the semen dose on sow fertility and so its routine use is not warranted.