全混合日粮压块饲料育肥肉牛试验研究

分别采用玉米秸秆、稻草秸秆与精料设计全混合日粮,配制压缩块状饲料进行肉牛育肥及屠宰测定试验,研究秸秆与精料分开的传统饲养模式与压块饲料饲喂肉牛对肉牛育肥效果的影响。结果,分别饲喂玉米、稻草秸秆与精料全混合日粮压块饲料的两试验组(Ⅰ和Ⅱ)育肥牛平均日增重分别为1259．26±161．11 g和1259．26±82．82 g,而对照组分别采用传统的精粗料分开不补喂/补喂蛋白补充料育肥牛平均日增重分别为506．17±228．48 g和318．93±119．80 g,各试验组与对照组牛之间平均日增重差异均达到极显著水平(P＜0．01);试验组Ⅰ和Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ(对照)间平均日增重均无明显差异(P＞0．05),表明以玉米秸秆或稻草秸秆与精料补充料等复合配制而成的全混日粮压块饲料,育肥肉牛效果较秸秆与精料分开的传统饲养模式饲喂内牛育肥效果更为好。     

肉牛育肥试验报告

以粗饲料为主,对杂种肉牛进行育肥试验。结果表明,日投喂精料1．94kg,牛日增重达到1．08kg;每千克增重耗精料1．80kg,耗（精、粗）料费用3．88元,在低精料水平,低饲养成本下,获得了较快的增重速度和较好的经济效益。     

用氨化麦秸低精料育肥早胜牛试验

使用氨化麦秸配合基础日粮育肥早胜牛，比使用普通麦秸能增加采食量13.1％，提高日增重77.7%。单位增重可节约精饲料43.8%，降低饲料费用32.3％。以氨化秸杆作为粗饲料，每头牛日初混合精料2kg。说明，在我省广农区，充分利用农作物秸杆，实行低精料育肥肉牛是完全可行的。     

国内外肉牛育肥期增重新方法

国内外肉牛育肥期增重新方法孙耀华１．添喂稀土法：据报道，在育肥牛日粮中添加１０×１０稀土添加剂饲喂育肥牛，育肥期１０５天，试验组比对照组日增重提高２６．６５％，料肉比降低１２．３％，饲料转化率提高２３．８％。在肉牛日粮中加入０．５％稀土添加剂，育肥期...     

肉牛集中规模育肥技术的研究报告

本项研究利用酒糟和羊草加玉米面，羊草加混合精料、酒糟和玉米秸秆加混合精料等三种不同日粮配方短期育肥中国荷斯坦公牛，育肥期平均日增重分别达到１２３５ｇ、１２２６ｇ和１２０３ｇ。育肥牛埋植增肉剂日增重为１２４５ｇ，比对照组提高１２．９８％，饲料中添加ＮａＨＣＯ３日增重为１２４４ｇ，比对照组提高１２．０７％，屠宰测定育肥牛屠宰率为５５．２％，净肉率为４５．１％。     

分阶段育肥法降低商品兔饲养成本示范观测

选取600只商品兔,随机分为3组,对照组饲喂全价饲料,试验1组56日龄前饲喂全价料,56日龄后以青草为主+精料补充料,试验2组以青草为主,饲喂精料补充料,测定56日龄以前及56日龄以后各组的日增重和成活率。结果表明:商品兔56日龄以前使用全价饲料,可提高其成活率,降低死亡;从56日龄后,使用青草加精料补充料的方式,每只兔的养殖成本比喂全价料的低0.72元。可见商品肉兔生产采用分阶段育肥法,既能保证成活率,又能降低饲料成本,获取最大的经济效益。     

生产高档牛肉的阉牛喂饲技术

过去，韩国在育肥肉牛时，以屠宰18月龄450公斤重的阉牛经济效益最好（日增重率和饲料报酬率最高），但胴体肉能达到高档牛肉标准的仅占总重的40％。现在，通过实践已总结出一套从改变喂饲技术措施上来获得高档牛肉的方案：一、生长期饲料应是高蛋白、低能量、矿物质和维生素平衡，精料限制在体重的1．0-1．5％，粗饲料自由采食，日增重0．7-0．8公斤。育肥前期的精料控制在1．7—1．8％（13—18月龄），粗饲料自由采食；育肥后期的所有饲料均自由采食。     

利用金荞麦替代部分精料饲喂育肥猪的增重效果试验

试验在生长育肥猪日粮中使用金荞麦,以减少精料的使用量,观察其对猪日增重及经济效益的影响.结果表明：利用金荞麦在育肥前期（30 ～60 kg）减少12％、后期（60 ～ 90 kg）减少16％的精料使用量,对猪的日增重无影响（P＞0.05）,但可节省精料,节约成本,每增重1 kg的饲料成本可降低0.61元,每头猪1d可增加收益0.31元.     

日粮中(菌渣17%)添加复合菌剂对育肥牛育肥效果的影响

本试验旨在探讨育肥牛精料中添加益生菌对育肥牛的增重效果。选用体型良好,体重相近(350kg左右)的西门塔尔杂交牛24头,随机分为4组,其中三组精料中分别添加0.1%、0.2%、0.3%的复合菌制剂,对照组不添加,进行30d的育肥试验,统计分析增重效果和经济效益。结果表明:0.3%的添加组牛与对照组牛增重差异显著(p0.05)。育肥牛日粮中添加0.3%复合菌制剂,可降低肉牛养殖成本,提高养殖效益。     

紫花苜蓿对肉牛育肥的影响

通过紫花苜蓿与一年生黑麦草饲喂肉牛的育肥试验说明,肉牛日粮中饲喂紫花苜蓿可增加肉牛的采食量;对加快肉牛育肥速度,提高增重水平有作用;对提高肉牛饲料报酬和减少饲料消耗、节约饲养成本也是有作用的.由于各试验组中青绿饲料(按风干量计)在肉牛日粮中粗饲料中所占比例较小(23％以下),而秸秆在日粮中所占比例较大(77％以上),肉牛可通过调节对秸秆的采食量尽可能满足其需要,以至于日增重难以看到显著变化.因此,在以后的试验中可考虑适当加大青绿饲料在肉牛日粮中粗饲料中所占比例.     

Comparison of fattening performance in Brahman grade cattle (Bos indicus) and crossbred water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) fed on high roughage diet

The objective of this study was to compare the fattening performance in Brahman grade cattle (crossbred cattle) and crossbred water buffalo at the same young age and fed with high roughage based fattening rations in the Philippines. Ten crossbred cattle and 10 crossbred water buffalo, aged between 18 and 24 months old were used in this experiment. The animals were fed diets consisting of 85% Napier or Para grass and 15% concentrate mixture (CM) on a dry matter (DM) basis. The grass, total DM intake and bodyweight gain were significantly (P < 0.01) higher for the crossbred water buffalo than for the cattle. There was no species significant difference in the digestion coefficient and feed conversion rate between the crossbred cattle and water buffalo. The return over feed cost for fattening was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the crossbred water buffalo than in the cattle. These results clearly indicate that under high roughage‐based fattening rations, young crossbred water buffalo are better able to utilize the roughage and they perform better in terms of feed intake and live weight gains than the crossbred cattle in the Philippines.     

肉牛TMR日粮粒度和饲料消化率分析

[目的]分析肉牛场不同牛群全混合日粮(TMR)的粒度和饲料消化率。[方法]在固原市瑞科丰农牧科技有限公司选取西门塔尔牛犊牛、母牛、育肥牛各120头作为试验牛群,对照组和试验组各60头,试验组日粮中添加酵母培养物AYC-X6,对照组未添加。[结果]结果表明,断奶犊牛和育肥牛TMR日粮粒度第2层比例最高分别为51.60%,52.9%。母牛第1,2,3层比例基本相同,在20.30%～21.85%之间。犊牛日粮中添加酵母培养物AYC-X6后第1,2层筛上物合计35%,比例下降,说明犊牛消化程度增加,消化率提高。育肥牛日粮第1,2层筛上物合计分别为64%,48%,分别比对照组降低8%,24%。[结论]肉牛TMR日粮粒度越大,粗饲料越长,过瘤胃速度越慢;育肥前期粗饲料长度为2.5 cm,育肥后期粗饲料长度3.5 cm。断奶犊牛和育肥牛日粮中添加酵母培养物AYC-X6提高了饲料消化率。     

发酵葡萄渣颗粒饲料对育肥牛生长性能的影响

试验研究了发酵葡萄渣颗粒饲料对育肥牛生产性能的影响。选择26头平均体重为304 kg左右的西门塔尔杂种牛,按体重和性别随机分成2个处理组,每组13头,对照组日粮组成为自配肉牛精料补充料+青贮饲料+干草,试验组日粮组成为发酵葡萄渣颗粒饲料+青贮饲料+干草,试验期为60 d。试验结果表明,与对照组相比,育肥牛饲喂发酵葡萄渣颗粒饲料,日增重提高了5.89%(P0.05),料重比降低了2.79%(P0.05),头均毛利润提高了58.24元,经济效益提高了4.17%。     

2019年肉牛饲料与营养评价的国外研究进展

文章旨在了解饲料与营养对肉牛生产性能、消化性能、瘤胃发酵以及甲烷(CH₄)排放的影响。文章综述了2019年国外的相关文献报道,主要从精饲料、粗饲料及饲养营养综合评价3个方面进行综述。精饲料集中于各种蛋白质饲料和能量饲料的研究。粗饲料研究侧重于粗饲料品种和加工方式对不同生理阶段肉牛生产性能、消化性能和CH₄产生的影响。饲料营养综合评价主要侧重于犊牛期研究,并对育肥期和放牧期肉牛的饲料营养进行评价,以根据肉牛的生理阶段特点,选择适宜的饲料原料,并合理搭配和调制日粮以改善瘤胃菌群结构,充分提高养分利用率。     

异地育肥肉牛的饲养管理技术

肉牛“异地育肥”已成为我国肉牛生产的一种主要模式。购入架子牛后,首先应注意减少运输应激的影响,做好过渡期的饲养管理,按体重大小、体质强弱、采食饲料快慢进行分群合栏。对于体重小于200kg的小架子牛来讲,饲养的重点是促进骨骼、内脏、肌肉的生长,使其消化器官得到锻炼,要求日粮提供优质蛋白质饲料,并供给适量的钙、磷、矿物质、维生素;体重为200~250kg的牛源,要求日粮的蛋白质含量高,可以提供充裕的粗饲料以促进其瘤胃发育;250~300kg体重阶段的架子牛,日粮以粗料为主,以精料为辅;体重达350kg的大架子牛其日粮的营养需要是前期蛋白质含量应高一些、后期能量水平要高些。牛的出栏体重越大,饲料利用率就越低,因此应根据肉牛育肥目的,适当育肥,适时出栏。     

饲喂湿态发酵蛋白饲料对肉牛育肥屠宰率影响的调查报告

湿态发酵蛋白饲料是玉米经酵母发酵、提取酒精后,又经益生菌发酵、密封包装的产品。因其可溶性好、易消化吸收、所含的蛋白质量多质优,因此,用于肉牛育肥时,肉牛生长速度较快。通过对饲喂湿态发酵蛋白饲料育肥牛(15头,来自2个饲养场)的屠宰率与饲喂常规饲料育肥牛的屠宰率(425头,来自24个饲养场)进行统计对比可知,肉牛的屠宰率与屠宰时的体重成高度正相关(R2=0.9528),并且全程饲喂湿态发酵蛋白饲料育肥牛的屠宰率比饲喂常规饲料育肥牛的屠宰率平均高3.65个百分点,这样1头牛将多收入640元。因此,饲喂湿态发酵蛋白饲料会使肉牛育肥经济效益显著提高。     

不同精饲料日供给量对夏南牛育肥效果试验研究

[目的]为研究夏南牛育肥期间精饲料最佳日供给量.[方法]对80头体重300 kg左右的夏南牛,在同等饲养管理条件下,用4种不同精饲料日供给量,达到相同体重时出栏的育肥效益进行比较试验研究.[结果]表明随着精饲料日供给量的增加,育肥效益增加,但并非越多越好.[结论]说明适当的精料水平是提高育肥水平的关键.     

Effects of grain type, roughage level and monensin level on finishing cattle performance

Interactions among grain type (grain sorghum, corn or wheat), roughage level and monensin level were studied in four feedlot trials using pen-fed crossbred yearling cattle. In Trial 1, cattle fed high-moisture corn (HMC) were more efficient (.1537 vs .1406 for gain/feed; P less than .01) than cattle fed dry-rolled grain sorghum (DRGS). As level (0, 3, 6, 9%) of dietary roughage was increased, feed efficiency (gain/feed) decreased (.1566, .1461, .1479, .1382; linear, P less than .01). In Trial 2, a grain type (DRGS; dry-rolled corn, DRC; dry-rolled wheat, DRW) x roughage level interaction was observed for daily gain and feed efficiency. Feed efficiency (gain/feed) was decreased when roughage was added to diets containing DRC (.1608 vs .1750) or DRGS (.1674 vs .1465), but not to the diet containing DRW (.1664 vs .1607). In trial 3, a grain type x roughage level x monensin level interaction (P less than .08) was observed for feed efficiency. The addition of 27.5 mg of monensin per kilogram of the 0% roughage-DRC diet tended to improve feed efficiency (.1633 vs .1531), but the addition of monensin to the 7.5% roughage-DRC diet tended to depress feed efficiency (.1476 vs .1575). The addition of either roughage (.1493 vs .1420) or monensin (.1500 vs .1413) to the DRW diet improved feed efficiency. In Trial 4, cattle fed a combination of 75% DRW and 25% DRC were more efficient (.1618 vs .1591; P less than .06) than cattle fed DRC. As level of roughage (0, 3.75, 7.5%) increased, feed efficiency decreased linearly (.1645, .1599, .1569; P less than .0001). Monensin had no effect on feed efficiency. The value of feeding roughage and monensin was variable both across grain types and within similar grain types.     

Effects of wood kraft pulp feeding on feed digestibility and rumen fermentation of Japanese Black steer in the middle fattening stage

We investigated the effects of wood kraft pulp (KP) feeding on feed digestibility and rumen fermentation of Japanese Black (JB) steer in the middle fattening stage. The feeding experiment was carried out a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design using six JB steers (16.2 ± 0.8 months of age). Steers were fed rice straw and three concentrated feeds: commercial formula feed (control), formula feed containing 7.5% KP on a dry matter (DM) basis (7.5% KP), and formula feed containing 15% KP on a DM basis (15% KP). Feed digestibility and rumen fermentation parameters were recorded for 3 days during the measurement period, after an adaptation phase of 11 days. There was no significant difference in DM intake per day among diets. A slightly higher digestibility of neutral detergent fiber was observed in steers fed 15% KP, compared with those fed other diets (P = 0.059). The butyric acid ratio in rumen fluid was higher in steers fed KP diets than in steers fed control (P = 0.083). The average ruminal pH was unaffected by KP diets. This study suggests that replacing 15% of concentrated feed with KP has little effect on feed digestibility and rumen fermentation in JB fattening steer.     

饲粮蛋白质水平和棉籽粕取代豆粕对肉牛育肥的影响

本试验在满足肉牛营养需要的基础上,采用棉籽粕替代饲粮中的豆粕,形成不同蛋白质水平和成本的饲粮,旨在探讨饲粮蛋白质水平和棉籽粕替代豆粕对肉牛育肥的影响,同时为降低肉牛育肥成本和提高育肥效果提供依据.试验选用年龄(平均年龄为28月龄)、体重[初始均重为(678±122)kg]相近的健康杂交一代阉牛(日本和牛♂×鲁西黄牛♀)40头,随机分成4个试验组,每组10头牛.预试期为15 d,正试期240 d.结果表明:蛋白质水平为14.8％的饲粮组试验牛的日增重比蛋白质水平为12.8％的饲粮组提高18.57％(P ＞0.05).与饲喂蛋白质水平为12.8％的饲粮相比,饲喂蛋白质水平为14.8％的饲粮可以显著或极显著提高肉牛的屠宰率、净肉率、肋部脂肪厚、背膘厚(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),而对肉牛的胴体产肉率、眼肌面积、高档肉块占活重比例、肉骨比影响不显著(P＞0.05).同等蛋白质水平下,用棉籽粕全部或部分替代豆粕对肉牛日增重及各项屠宰性能指标的影响均不显著(P＞0.05),但棉籽粕组饲粮单价、肉牛每千克增重成本都低于豆粕组.由此得出,在肉牛育肥后期可以用棉籽粕替代豆粕,以降低成本.目前我国《肉牛饲养标准》(2004)推荐的肉牛育肥所需的蛋白质水平低于本试验用杂交一代阉牛(日本和牛♂×鲁西黄牛♀)的需要.