不同贮藏条件对驼绒藜种子寿命的影响

不同含水量驼绒藜种子在室温、4～5℃和-18℃条件下贮藏4年,适度超干处理能延长种子的贮藏寿命.室温和低温下贮藏11个月后,超干燥(MC 5.28％～3.89％)和低温种子的丙二醛(MDA)含量明显地低于未超干燥种子(MC7.47％);而种子活力、脱氢酶活性和抗氧化酶POD和CAT的活性均显著地高于未超干燥种子.室温下贮藏48个月后,超干种子(MC 4.84％～3.41％)的活力与低温贮藏种子同等水平.超干燥贮藏条件下,在一定时期内驼绒藜种子活力保持较高水平;对脂质过氧化的抑制作用是提高超干燥种子耐贮藏性的生理原因之一.     

不同贮藏条件对驼绒藜种子寿命的影响

不同含水量驼绒藜种子在室温、4～5℃和-18℃条件下贮藏4年,适度超干处理能延长种子的贮藏寿命。室温和低温下贮藏11个月后,超干燥（MC5．28％-3．89％）和低温种子的丙二醛（MDA）含量明显地低于未超干燥种子（MC7．47％）;而种子活力、脱氢酶活性和抗氧化酶POD和CAT的活性均显著地高于未超干燥种子。室温下贮藏48个月后,超干种子（MC4．84％-3．41％）的活力与低温贮藏种子同等水平。超干燥贮藏条件下．在一定时期内驼绒藜种子活力保持较高水平;对脂质过氧化的抑制作用是提高超干燥种子耐贮藏性的生理原因之一。     

种子超干贮存研究进展

种子超干贮存即采取低含水量种子密闭贮藏在常温条件下的方法,以达到部分或全部取代低温库的目的.超干贮存能提高种子的耐藏稳定性,但并不是越低越好,蛋白质、抗氧化系统、糖、细胞膜系统都与种子的耐脱水性有关,种子超干贮存不仅要提高种子生活力还要保持种子的遗传稳定性.     

常温下超干贮藏对披碱草种子生理生化特性的影响

为探究常温下贮藏时间与超干披碱草种子活力、生理生化特性变化的关系,从而为没有条件建设低温贮藏库的地区提供禾本科植物种子超干贮藏的理论依据与技术指导。选用超干处理后含水量分别为1.256%、2.579%、3.825%、4.474%、4.968%、6.097%和7.689%的披碱草(Elymus dahurcus Turcz.)种子置于常温下贮藏,贮藏时间为1年,以未做处理含水量为9.030%的披碱草种子为对照,每3个月测定一次生理生化指标。结果表明:常温下短期内(1年)超干贮藏披碱草种子的最适含水量介于2.579%与4.474%之间,过高(9.030%)的含水量不利于披碱草种子的保存。在含水量适度的情况下,披碱草种子具有较好的耐贮藏性,利用超干技术在室常温下保存披碱草种子是可行的。     

浅谈超干贮藏对种子生理及其超微结构的影响

种子超干贮藏是近些年提出的种子贮藏的新方法,目的在于通过降低种子含水量使种子能在室温下密闭贮藏以取代或部分取代传统低温库,目前多方面研究已经证实了种子超干贮藏的可行性。种子超干贮藏（Ultra-dry seed storage）,又称超低含水量贮藏（Ultra-low moisture seed storage）,是指将种子含水量降至5%以下,密封后在室温条件下（或稍微降温的条件下）贮藏种子的一种方法P[1]P。     

华北驼绒藜超干种子抗老化生理特性的研究

以华北驼绒藜(Ceratoides arborescens)种子为材料,采用超干燥和人工加速老化的方法处理种子,测定其发芽率、活力指数、抗氧化酶活性、自由基水平及其他指标,研究种子劣变的生理生化特性.结果表明:在一定含水量范围内,种子超干对种子活力没有不良影响,而且种子在老化条件下(45℃,2 d)能显著地提高种子的抗老化能力.华北驼绒藜超干种子最适含水量为3.78％.超干种子经老化处理后抗氧化酶(过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶)仍保持较高的活性.超干种子老化处理后自由基水平升高,但超干种子在萌发前经回水处理对自由基有清除能力,从而使自由基水平下降.因此,适度超干可以使华北驼绒藜种子保持较高的活力,提高其耐贮藏性.     

超干及老化处理对紫花苜蓿种子活力和生理变化的影响

以陇东紫花苜蓿为研究对象,采用室温硅胶干燥法对种子进行不同时间的超干处理,测定室温贮藏与高温老化处理后不同含水量种子的活力及生理变化.结果表明:5.72%含水量的超干处理综合表现最优,该处理下室温贮藏种子的发芽率、发芽势和活力指数分别较对应CK(室温贮藏的未超干种子)高28.91%、30.02%和66.06%,可溶性糖含量、APX活性高22.85%、76.21%,而MDA含量仅为CK的50.15%,TTC相对减少量为CK的95%;老化种子的发芽率、发芽势和活力指数较对应CK(老化处理未超干种子)高26.31%、23.19%和67.09%,可溶性糖含量、APX活性分别高39%、115.27%,MDA含量仅为CK的52.32%,TTC相对减少量为CK的93.05%.说明5.72%种子含水量的超干处理可使苜蓿种子活力保持在较高状态,对苜蓿种子的长期保存和利用有积极作用.     

超干贮藏对菊苣种子活力与抗氧化性的影响

研究超干处理对菊苣种子活力和抗氧化性的影响,采用硅胶干燥法超干处理菊苣种子,分别得到8.45%,5.17%,3.64%,2.33%和1.69%含水量的种子,密封于双层铝箔袋内放在50℃恒温箱内进行人工老化处理10 d,回水后测量种子活力及抗氧化酶等指标,结果显示老化前超干种子与未超干种子各项指标无明显差异,老化后超干处理的菊苣种子的发芽率、活力指数、脱氢酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶均高于对照,电导率、丙二醛含量低于对照,在超干种子中含水量为2.33%时贮藏效果优于其他含水量的种子。表明适度含水量的超干处理可以使菊苣种子保持较高的活力,提高了其耐贮藏性,为探讨菊苣种子的适宜贮藏方法提供依据。     

大葱种子的超干燥保存

超干的大葱种子(2.8%)在20℃温度下密封贮存11年后，种子发芽率和苗长没有明显降低，脱氢酶活性、SOD酶活性及细胞膜完整性均得到较好的维持，这意味着大葱超干种子具有良好的耐藏性，利用超干技术保存大葱的种质是可行的。     

超干处理对山竹岩黄芪种子活力的影响

采用室温硅胶干燥处理,山竹岩黄芪(Hedysarum fruticosum)种子含水量由8.01%分别降至4.45%,3.42%和2.65%。然后用铝箔袋密封不同含水量的种子,50℃恒温条件下老化处理10天。研究超干及人工加速老化处理种子活力相关生理生化指标的变化。结果表明:对种子进行超干处理,含水量降低至3.42%,种子活力维持较高水平;当含水量下降至2.65%,种子电导率、丙二醛含量显著增加,表明种子因超干处理受到损伤。高温老化后,随含水量降低,种子活力呈增加趋势,2.65%含水量种子的活力处于最高水平。超干处理增强了山竹岩黄芪种子抗老化能力。种子脱水下限与种子种类有关,最适含水量的确定尚需根据实际贮藏温度研究确定。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …