共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Xiao H Jiang N Schaffner E Stockinger EJ van der Knaap E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5869):1527-1530
Edible fruits, such as that of the tomato plant and other vegetable crops, are markedly diverse in shape and size. SUN, one of the major genes controlling the elongated fruit shape of tomato, was positionally cloned and found to encode a member of the IQ67 domain-containing family. We show that the locus arose as a result of an unusual 24.7-kilobase gene duplication event mediated by the long terminal repeat retrotransposon Rider. This event resulted in a new genomic context that increased SUN expression relative to that of the ancestral copy, culminating in an elongated fruit shape. Our discovery demonstrates that retrotransposons may be a major driving force in genome evolution and gene duplication, resulting in phenotypic change in plants. 相似文献
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以大蒜(Allium sativum)为试验材料,对低温春化作用过程中叶片组织内的可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、SOD活性、内源激素ABA、GA和IAA水平及特异性蛋白质进行了测定与分析.结果表明:春化作用过程中,可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖含量及IAA水平无显著变化,SOD活性、ABA和GA水平均逐渐增加,IAA/ABA、IAA/GA和GA/ABA逐渐降低的趋势;春化作用完成后,可溶性蛋白质含量,SOD活性,ABA和GA水平均显著下降,而可溶性糖含量、IAA水平及IAA/ABA、IAA/GA和GA/ABA显著增加;另外,低温春化作用后室温生长一定时期可诱导特异性蛋白质(44.3~29.0kU)的合成与积累.结果显示,绿体春化型大蒜只有在春化作用完成后,经历适宜的生长条件下一定时期,才会呈现明显的生理生化反应并开始迅速的生长发育. 相似文献
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以福建永安市安砂、青水、洪田3个糙花少穗竹天然居群的18个亚居群为对象,对其表型及环境因子进行调查研究.各性状变异系数分析表明亚居群内和亚居群间的各性状存在丰富的变异.表型性状与微环境因子间的相关分析表明,叶片性状与乔木层类型间存在明显正相关;胸径、株高、枝下高、胸径处节长等均与海拔呈显著负相关;胸径、株高、总节数、枝下节数等均与坡位呈显著正相关;枝下高与坡位呈极显著正相关;各表型性状与坡度、立地类型间相关不显著;株高与乔木类型呈显著正相关.聚类分析发现,青水居群内的亚居群聚为一类,而安砂居群内的亚居群A5聚到洪田居群内,洪田居群内亚居群聚为2亚类.研究结果为揭示糙花少穗竹的表型分化及其与环境因子间的关系提供参考. 相似文献
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Electrophoretic variation in Escherichia coli from natural sources 总被引:33,自引:0,他引:33
R Milkman 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1973,182(116):1024-1026
At each of five loci in 829 Escherichia coli clones from 156 samples from diverse natural sources, electrophoretic analysis reveals a prominent mobility class (frequency over 0.70) and 2 to 11 distinct mobility classes at lower frequencies. The frequency distribution of the classes argues against the importance of neutral mutations in allozymic variation. Heterosis is not the universal cause of genic polymorphism. 相似文献
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胭脂花野生群体表型多样性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对胭脂花的5个野生群体17个表型性状进行测量和分析,结果表明:胭脂花野生群体间和群体内均存在显著差异,表型分化系数(Vst)为0.09~0.34,群体内多样性大于群体间的多样性,其变异来源主要存在于群体内;表型性状的变异系数(CV)在13.71%~48.80%之间,其中变异最大的性状是花眼颜色,为48.80%,花冠筒长度表现最为稳定,变异系数为13.71%;叶片数、叶长、叶宽、花葶直径、花序轮数、花量等性状之间呈显著正相关,花柱长短与花冠筒长呈显著负相关。经度和纬度与大部分性状之间呈显著正相关;海拔、年均降雨量与大部分性状之间呈显著负相关。对其野生群体进行UPGMA聚类表明,5个群体聚为2大类,并没有严格按照地理距离聚类。 相似文献
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试验以青花菜早熟品种"清风103"为试材,对青花菜绿体春化过程中植株中春化相关的酶进行研究。结果表明,青花菜植株在低温春化处理过程中,NR、EST和α-淀粉酶及ASP的活性都呈增加趋势。对EST、α-淀粉酶和POD同工酶分析发现,经过低温春化处理后既有新谱带的产生,也有谱带的消失,产生或消失的谱带可能与青花菜春化有关。 相似文献
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提高天然气管道安全失效定量分析的准确性,对管道的安全运行与管理具有十分重要的意义。贝叶斯网络具有强大的建模分析能力,能够合理运用各种信息处理现有概率安全评价方法在描述系统多态性、非确定性、动态性等方面存在的问题。概述了天然气长输管道破坏的主要影响因素,运用事故树向贝叶斯网络转化的算法,建立了长输天然气管道贝叶斯网络定量分析模型,确定了管道失效概率的计算方法。在此基础上,运用HUGIN贝叶斯网络软件对某长输管道进行了案例计算和失效分析,实现了对事故树分析难以描述的事件状态多态性和逻辑关系非确定性的修正。 相似文献
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由于人为传播、滥用农药、耕作制度及栽培制度改变,以及大气变化等因素,导致广西近二十年有害生物种群数量发生了较明显的变化,出现了一些新的有害生物,次要害虫上升为主要害虫,一些在历史上严重发生但已被控制的害虫出现再猖獗现象,杂草及鼠害严重。有害生物的可持续控制应采用生态防治策略,利用自然制约因素,如采取农业、物理、生物防治措施,尽量少用或不用化学农药,或在防治适期选用高效、低毒、低残留选择性农药来控制有害生物,以获得最佳的生态效益、社会效益和经济效益。 相似文献
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Many genes involved in Drosophila melanogaster innate immune processes have been identified, but whether naturally occurring polymorphism in these genes leads to variation in immune competence among wild flies has not been tested. We report here substantial variability among wild-derived D. melanogaster in the ability to suppress infection by a Gram-negative entomopathogen, Serratia marcescens. Variability in immune competence was significantly associated with nucleotide polymorphism in 16 innate immunity genes, corresponding primarily to pathogen recognition and intracellular signaling loci, and substantial epistasis was detected between intracellular signaling and antimicrobial peptide genes. Variation in these genes, therefore, seems to drive variability in immunocompetence among wild Drosophila. 相似文献
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Locus- and genome-specific markers of the FRIGIDA gene have been developed for mapping studies, for establishing the link between FRIGIDA and quantitative loci for floral transition and for introgression breeding of oil-seed rape, in particular, for such traits as time to flower and earliness. Keywords: Brassica, FRIGIDA, earliness, floral transition, introgression breeding, vernalization 相似文献
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云杉天然群体种实性状变异研究 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
以云杉全分布区内7个有代表性的天然群体,每个群体30个家系(单株)为试验材料,对7个种实表型性状采用方差分析、多重比较、相关分析和聚类分析等统计分析方法,讨论了群体间和群体内的表型多样性。结果表明,云杉种内表型性状在群体间和群体内存在极其丰富的遗传变异,云杉球果长度、球果宽度、球果长宽比、球果干重、种子长度、种子宽度和种子长宽比7个性状的表型分化系数(VST)分别为48.63%,41.19%,24.59%,49.72%,61.63%,62.04%和5.00%,球果和种子的性状指数比单个性状稳定;种实性状表型分化系数的变幅为5.00%~62.04%,群体间表型分化系数均值为41.83%;群体间变异(41.83%)稍小于群体内变异(58.17%)。7个种实表型性状间多数呈极显著或显著相关,球果长度、球果宽度和种子长度为易测定和重要的种实表型性状;云杉种内群体的球果表型变异在空间分布上呈现出以纬度为主的单向变异模式,球果性状与温度呈极显著正相关,与纬度、年降水量和生态梯度值(EGA)呈极显著或显著负相关;利用群体间欧氏距离进行UPGMA聚类分析,可将云杉群体划分为4类。 相似文献
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河南新县野生油茶群体表型变异特征研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为揭示河南新县野生油茶群体的变异特征,以新县7个典型野生油茶生长区的群体为研究对象,测定了油茶叶、花、果相关的15个性状,采用变异系数、相关性分析、聚类分析和方差分析等方法,分析油茶表型性状的多样性及群体间和群体内的变异特征。结果表明,新县野生油茶叶、花、果形态在群体内及群体间的表型多样性均较为丰富,7个群体间叶、花、果形态差异均达到极显著水平。7个群体内15个性状中,鲜籽质量变异程度最高(49.79%),其次是鲜籽数、单果质量和果皮厚,变异程度最低的是叶长(10.67%);聚类分析在欧式平均距离在阈值15处,将新县野生油茶群体分为了两大类,在不同程度上反映了各群体的特征。 相似文献
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夏蜡梅天然群体表型变异及分布特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
选取夏蜡梅自然分布区8个群体,对花部、叶部、果部和种子的22个性状进行了系统调查与分析,以揭示夏蜡梅天然群体的表型变异特征及变异规律。结果显示:夏蜡梅天然群体存在丰富的表型变异,20个表型性状在群体间与群体内差异均达到极显著水平(P0.01),平均变异系数为12.15%(6.40%~45.87%),平均表型分化系数为41.87%(1.14%~85.07%),群体内变异(58.13%)大于群体间变异(41.87%);夏蜡梅花色(外被片颜色)表现为白、浅粉、粉、粉红4种类型,不同群体间各花色比例各有不同;各表型性状与生态因子间相关性分析结果显示,22个表型性状中有8个和生态因子呈显著相关。通过表型性状UPGMA聚类分析可以将8个群体划分为4个类群,表型性状分化体现为连续性的地理分布格局。 相似文献
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Arabidopsis VRN genes mediate vernalization, the process by which a long period of cold induces a mitotically stable state that leads to accelerated flowering during later development. VRN1 encodes a protein that binds DNA in vitro in a non-sequence-specific manner and functions in stable repression of the major target of the vernalization pathway, the floral repressor FLC. Overexpression of VRN1 reveals a vernalization-independent function for VRN1, mediated predominantly through the floral pathway integrator FT, and demonstrates that VRN1 requires vernalization-specific factors to target FLC. 相似文献
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Molecular analysis of FRIGIDA, a major determinant of natural variation in Arabidopsis flowering time 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Johanson U West J Lister C Michaels S Amasino R Dean C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,290(5490):344-347
Vernalization, the acceleration of flowering by a long period of cold temperature, ensures that many plants overwinter vegetatively and flower in spring. In Arabidopsis, allelic variation at the FRIGIDA (FRI) locus is a major determinant of natural variation in flowering time. Dominant alleles of FRI confer late flowering, which is reversed to earliness by vernalization. We cloned FRI and analyzed the molecular basis of the allelic variation. Most of the early-flowering ecotypes analyzed carry FRI alleles containing one of two different deletions that disrupt the open reading frame. Loss-of-function mutations at FRI have thus provided the basis for the evolution of many early-flowering ecotypes. 相似文献
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