首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
The effects of tillage and soil fertility amendments on the relationship between the suppressiveness of soils to southern blight and soil physical, chemical and biological factors were examined in experimental station plots in North Carolina. Main plots were either tilled frequently or surface-mulched after one initial tillage. Organic soil amendments including composted cotton gin trash, composted poultry manure, an incorporated rye-vetch green manure, or synthetic fertilizer were applied to subplots in a split-plot design experiment. Incidence of southern blight was lower in surfaced-mulched than tilled soils. Incidence of southern blight was also lower in soils amended with cotton gin trash than those amended with poultry manure, rye-vetch green manure or synthetic fertilizer. Soil water content was negatively correlated with the incidence of disease in both years. Disease incidence was negatively correlated with the level of potassium, calcium, cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (BS) and humic matter in 2002, and net mineralizable nitrogen in 2001. Although, populations of thermophilic organisms were significantly higher in soils amended with cotton gin trash than the other three fertility amendments in each year, there was no significant correlation between the populations of thermophiles and incidence of the disease. Bacterial community diversity indices based on community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) were significantly higher in soils amended with cotton gin trash than those amended with poultry manure, green manure or synthetic fertilizer. There was a significant negative correlation between the incidence of southern blight, and CLPP and DGGE diversity indices. Greater differences in the richness of bacterial functional groups than genotypes were observed. These results demonstrate that organic soil fertility amendments and cotton gin trash in particular, reduced the development of the disease and affected soil physical, chemical and biological parameters.  相似文献   

2.
施氮量对白萝卜硝酸盐含量和土壤硝态氮淋溶的影响   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
在保护地栽培条件下,通过6个施氮水平的田间小区试验,结合土层原位渗滤装置,研究了施用氮肥对白萝卜(Raphanus sativus L.)产量和硝酸盐含量及土壤硝态氮淋溶的影响。结果表明,施氮处理白萝卜产量比不施氮处理仅增加6.04%~10.92%,当尿素氮施用量大于N 100 kg/hm2时,增产幅度开始下降。不同施氮处理白萝卜产量没有显著差异,说明在土壤基础肥力较高的情况下,增施氮肥不能明显提高白萝卜的产量;单施有机肥白萝卜体内硝酸盐含量为 196.86 mg/kg,比不施氮处理降低 5.08%。在此基础上加施尿素后,硝酸盐含量随氮肥施用量的增加显著升高(p0.05);0—100cm土壤剖面硝态氮累积量随氮肥施用量的增加而增加,且与氮肥施用量显著正相关(r=0.993, r0.01=0.917);白萝卜生长期间收集到的土壤淋溶液中硝态氮浓度较高,平均为32.88 mg/L,硝态氮的淋失量为 4.42~6.14 kg/hm2,不同施氮量处理之间没有显著差异。  相似文献   

3.
The objective of this study is to examine the role of some organic (composted tobacco waste, CTW; bio-humus, BH; chicken manure, CM) soil amendments on soil physical properties and yield of maize. A 3-year field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Farm of Ege University in Menemen, Izmir, Turkey from 2009 to 2011. The treatments, (1) control, (2) 4 t/ha CM+NPK, (3) 50 t/ha CTW, (4) 10 t/ha BH+NPK, were arranged in complete randomized block design with four treatment replications. Both of BH (composted plant residues) and CM were obtained from organic manure industry. Tobacco wastes were gathered from the cigarette industry and applied to maize (Zea mays L.) after composting period with the other amendments. During the experiment, two soil samples were collected in three different periods (3 June 2009–23 October 2009; 1 June 2010–5 November 2010; 13 July 2011–21 October 2011). The effects of CM, BH, and CTW on physical properties of the soil and yield were investigated. According to our results, all organic amendments increased porosity, structure stability index, field capacity, wilting point, and available water amount and decreased bulk density and particle density of soil when compared to the control. We additionally determined that these organic amendments positively affected grain yield.  相似文献   

4.
The effects of cattle manure and inorganic N‐fertilizer application on soil organic carbon (SOC), bulk density, macro‐aggregate stability and aggregate protected carbon were determined on clay and sandy soils of the Murewa smallholder farming area, Zimbabwe. Maize was grown in four fields termed homefields (HFs) and outfields (OFs) because of spatial variability induced by management practices and with the following fertility treatments: control (no fertility amelioration), 5, 15 and 25 t/ha cattle manure + 100 kg/ha N applied annually for seven consecutive years. The addition of cattle manure resulted in significant (P < 0.01) increases in SOC, macro‐aggregate stability and aggregate protected carbon in clay soils from at least the 5 t/ha cattle manure rate and was comparable between HFs and OFs on clay soils. Aggregate protected carbon in clay soils was significantly higher from the 15 and 25 t/ha cattle manure rates compared to the 5 t/ha cattle manure treatment. In contrast, only SOC was significantly (P < 0.05) increased with the addition of cattle manure on the sandy soils, while bulk density, macro‐aggregate stability and aggregate protected carbon were not significantly changed. Bulk density was also not significantly (P > 0.05) different on the clay soils. A significant and positive linear relationship (r2 = 0.85) was found between SOC and macro‐aggregate stability, while an r2 value of 0.82 was obtained between SOC and aggregate protected carbon on the clay soils. However, no regressions were performed on data from the sandy soils because of the lack of significant changes in soil physical properties. Application of cattle manure and inorganic N‐fertilizer significantly increased (P < 0.05) maize grain yield on both soil types. Results show that inorganic N‐fertilizer combined with cattle manure at 5–15 t/ha per yr is necessary to increase maize yields and SOC on sandy soils in Murewa, while at least 15 t/ha per yr cattle manure is required on the clay soils to improve physical properties in addition to maize yields and SOC.  相似文献   

5.
Onion is the one of the most important vegetable crops grown extensively throughout the world; hence, understanding the response of the crop to the form and amount of N provided is of immense importance. In a field experiment, poultry and cattle manure (at 10?t/ha) were compared with four inorganic nitrogen (N) application levels (0, 60, 90 and 120?kg?N/ha), and six combinations of manure and N applications were investigated. Plant growth and total yield (kg/ha) significantly increased, when N application increased from 0 to 120?kg/ha, with or without added poultry manure. Plant height, leaf number and neck thickness were significantly reduced at 0?kg/ha?N plus cattle manure. The bulb ascorbic acid concentration significantly increased with the use of poultry manure (15.94?mg/100?g) and cattle manure (15.94?mg/100?g), compared with 120?kg/ha inorganic N (11.42?mg/100?g). No significant effects were observed on total phenolics and total soluble solids of onion bulbs following the different fertiliser treatments. Cattle manure increased P and K concentrations, whilst poultry manure significantly increased Zn and Fe concentrations in onion bulbs. Onion bulb Ca and Mg concentrations were lower when cattle manure (0.19% and 0.12%) was used than when other organic or inorganic fertilisers were used. Therefore, organic manure increases the concentrations of certain minerals in onions, compared with inorganic N application, without negatively affecting bulb size.  相似文献   

6.
The impact of biosolids on soil processes in five soils under pasture was assessed. Five biosolid treatments (control, dried pellets, compost, biosolids at 200 kg N/ha, and biosolids at 800 kg N/ha) were mixed in 0- to 10-cm-deep soil in lysimeters each year. Nematodes were sampled after 2 years. Many of the nematode populations and indices showed significant soil effects. Nematode responses to the range of biosolid amendments were similar across the five soils. Few populations showed an interaction between the type of amendment and the soil. The most marked response to amendment was that of bacterial-feeding Rhabditidae, in which populations were affected by the weight of the biosolid amendment. Nematode contribution to the soil processes in these soils was not adversely affected by the application of biosolids.  相似文献   

7.
The experiment was carried on a clay loam soil to examine the short-term effects of hazelnut husk compost (HHC) and organic amendments on selected soil physical properties between 2001 and 2003. The amendments were only applied in 2001. The experimental design was replicated five times as a randomized complete block with four organic amendments: HHC, peat, farmyard manure (FM), chicken manure (CM) and soil (control). Amendments were applied at rates of 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 75 and 100 tons ha?1 (dry weight) replicated. The effect on the soil's physical properties such as bulk density, water retention characteristics, pore ratio, structural stability, and soil organic carbon were determined. All amendments and their rates had a positive effect on the physical properties of the soil. HHC decreased the bulk density of soil. The effect depended on year since application. Moreover, HHC increased soil total porosity, the amount of water held at field capacity and wilting point of soil. The 75 ton ha?1 application was most effective. Its effects on these soil properties were more obvious at the end of the second year. HHC did not affect macropore/micropore ratio of the soil until the third year, due to an increase in micropore number. Although the effects of the other organic amendments on structural stability of soil were more obvious in the second year, the effect of HHC increased in the third year, due to its high C/N ratio. The 75 ton ha?1 application of HHC increased the structural stability of the soil the most. HHC had the highest organic carbon content. The effects of HHC on physical productivity of soil generally were clearer at the end of the second year. For this reason, it is recommended that HHC should be reapplied after two years as organic fertilizer. Further studies should be carried out to determine the long-term effects of HHC on physical productivity of soils.  相似文献   

8.
为揭示不同有机肥对煤矿复垦土壤氮素矿化特性的影响,以山西省孝义市水峪煤矿采煤塌陷复垦土壤为研究对象,采用室内好气培养法,研究在40%含水量和30℃培养条件下,施用3种有机肥(鸡粪、猪粪、牛粪)后在0~161天的氮素矿化动态特征,以明确不同有机肥对该矿区复垦土壤氮素矿化特征,从而预估不同有机肥的供氮特性,为合理施用有机肥进行低产农田的培肥改造提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)各处理0~14天铵态氮含量均随培养时间的延长迅速下降,与培养时间呈极显著负相关关系(P<0.01),14~161天土壤铵态氮含量维持在较低水平,培养结束时,各处理铵态氮含量均低于1.31mg/kg。(2)各处理土壤硝态氮含量、累积量及矿质氮累积量变化均呈近似的“S”形曲线递增,表现为0~56天缓慢增加,56~84天迅速增加,84天至培养结束(161天)其含量基本不变。培养结束时不同处理间硝态氮含量、累积量及矿质氮累积量整体上均表现为鸡粪>猪粪>牛粪>空白,且鸡粪较猪粪和牛粪处理间存在显著差异,猪粪和牛粪较空白处理间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。(3)不同施肥处理出现氮素净矿化的时间点不同,其中鸡粪处理在第14天时最早出现净矿化现象,而猪粪和牛粪在培养28天后才出现明显的氮素净矿化。(4)不同施肥处理在培养的不同阶段硝态氮和矿质氮累积速率不同,但整体趋势一致,表现为培养0~84天各处理土壤累积矿化波动较大,56~84天达到峰值,培养84~161天各处理矿化速率平稳下降。总体来看,有机肥的施入能有效促进煤矿复垦土壤氮素矿化,从而提高土壤氮素有效性。其中,施鸡粪较猪粪和牛粪对提高矿区复垦土壤有效氮效果更好。4种处理的氮素矿化效果总体表现为鸡粪>猪粪>牛粪>空白。  相似文献   

9.
Many Australian cotton farmers are interested in using organic waste products such as composted cotton gin trash as soil amendments because of perceived benefits to soil health and the environment. However, detailed information on the relative benefits and costs involved is not readily available to cotton growers who farm on clayey Vertisols. The objective of this study was to quantify soil changes in a farmer-established trial to evaluate the potential benefits of applying composted cotton gin trash and/or lime to a Vertisol. Selected soil properties were measured in an experiment located on a commercial cotton farm near Goondiwindi in southern Queensland, Australia. Cotton gin trash compost improved potassium availability and soil microbial biomass in soil, whereas lime improved only the latter.  相似文献   

10.
Sewage sludge is a valuable source of organic matter, N, P and certain micronutrients that have beneficial effects on plant growth and biomass production. However, sanitary regulations often require the stabilization of sewage materials prior to applying them to soils as biosolids. Environmental regulations also demand appropriate management of biosolid‐N to avoid groundwater contamination. Because stabilization processes usually make sewage sludge less putrescible, we hypothesized that the mineralization rates of organic‐N from stabilized biosolids would be affected. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the mineralization of five biosolids in two soils – a sandy Spodosol and a clayey Oxisol. Digested sludge, composted sludge, limed sludge, heat‐dried sludge and solar‐irradiated sludge were mixed with soil samples at a concentration of 32.6 mg N/kg soil (1.0 dry t/ha of digested sludge) and incubated at 25 °C in a humidity chamber for 23 weeks. Results showed that the stabilization processes generally slowed the release of mineral‐N in soils relative to the digested sludge from which the biosolids originated. However, increments in the levels of mineral‐N were more influenced by soil type than by the type of stabilization process applied to the sewage sludge. Mineralization rates were up to 5‐fold higher in the Oxisol than in the Spodosol soil, and as a result, organic‐N in biosolids mineralized 10–24% in Spodosol and 23–52% in Oxisol. Any appropriate plan for the management of biosolid‐N for plant use should consider the interaction between soil type and biosolid type.  相似文献   

11.
The capability of organic wastes to release available N in soil varies largely, depending on their source and form of production, or rather on their composition and biodegradability. Our purpose was to predict mineralization rates of different materials using their analyses joined with a simulation model, and to evaluate the influence of soil type and application rate of the organic materials on N and C transformations in soil. Four organic materials, sewage sludge (SS), sewage sludge compost (SSC), cattle manure compost (CMC), hen and cattle manure compost (HCMC), were applied to two soils at rates of 2 and/or 4%. The soils were incubated aerobically for 168 days at 30°C, during which CO2 evolution rates and mineral-N concentrations were measured periodically. Hot water extractable C and N of all organic amendments correlated well with short term C and N mineralization, except HCMC that immobilized N although its soluble N content was large. NCSOIL, a computer model that simulates C and N cycling in soil with organic amendments, predicted well C and N mineralization of SS, SSC and CMC when considered as three-pool materials that decomposed at specific rates of 0.4, 0.024 and 10?4 d?1, using hot water soluble C and N as the labile pool. N immobilization by HCMC could be simulated only if the distribution of N between the labile and resistant pools was derived by optimization of NCSOIL, while hot water soluble C was labile. Laboratory methods to determine an intermediate pool or components that contribute to immobilization are required for improving the predictions of C and N mineralization from organic amendments.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract

The effect of large quantities of manure application on soil P intensity on a Egan silty clay loam (fine‐silty, mixed, mesic, Udic Haplustolls) soil from southeastern South Dakota was studied in the laboratory. Soil samples were taken in July 1982 from 0–20 cm depth from plots which received beef cattle manure at the rates of 0, 90, 199, 280 and 361 Mg/ha of manure (dry weight basis) in 1974. Soil samples were analyzed for P intensity by the 0.01 M CaCl2 extractable method and for available P by the Bray P1 method. Results revealed that Bray P1 phosphorus increased linearly with manure additions up to 361 Mg/ha. Soil P intensity increased curvilinearly with manure rate and plateaued at approximately 65 μM. The 361 Mg /ha rate did not increase P intensity over the 280 Mg/ha rate. Precipitation of an apatite mineral may have stabilized soil P intensity in this heavily manured soil.  相似文献   

13.
红壤旱地长期试验肥力演变及玉米效应研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
采用长期定位试验研究方法,探讨高原旱地红壤施N、NP、NM、NPM和NPK对红壤肥力演变、养分供给能力及玉米的效应。结果表明,N处理8年玉米绝收;NP处理前期比施N增产,长期施用不稳产,至23年绝收;NPM处理玉米产量由试验前10年的4628 kg/hm2,增加到后10年的6875 kg/hm2,增产2247 kg/hm2;在NP基础上施K2O 112.5 kg/hm2的NP+K处理,比施NP增产2264 kg/hm2。说明配施增产效果明显,但长期只施NP会导致其它元素失衡不能稳产。有机肥和NP配施,显著增加土壤有机质含量,红壤28年不施有机肥,有机质含量不下降,年施有机肥30000 kg/hm2,不施化学钾肥,也能维持钾素平衡。长期不施化学钾或有机肥导致钾素枯竭。红壤磷素自然供给能力极低,仅为3.6~15.7%,施磷显著增加速效磷含量,施磷或有机肥提高磷素自然供给能力。NP处理11年不施钾,钾素自然供给能力由35%~68%降低为11.09%~23.2%。  相似文献   

14.
不同有机肥与化肥配施对氮素利用率和土壤肥力的影响   总被引:15,自引:7,他引:8  
【目的】不同类型畜禽粪便有机肥在成分和性质上存在明显差异,本文研究了华北地区主要有机肥与化肥以不同比例配施后,对作物氮素吸收利用及土壤养分的影响,以期为本地区有机肥的科学利用提供理论依据和数据支撑。【方法】在华北平原冬小麦–夏玉米种植区进行田间试验。以推荐养分施用量 (每季作物N 225 kg/hm2) 为基础,设置了1个常规单施化肥处理 (CF),12个鸡粪、猪粪和牛粪氮分别与化肥氮配比处理 (有机肥氮素占比25%、50%、75%、100%),化肥及3种有机肥的加倍单施处理,同时设1个不施肥处理为对照,共18个处理。分析了作物的氮素吸收量、氮素利用效率,测定了0—20、20—40 cm土层土壤氮、磷、钾含量。【结果】常规施肥量下,单施鸡粪、猪粪、牛粪处理的氮素收获指数 (NHI) 均与化肥处理相当,平均为79.06%;单施牛粪处理的氮素生理利用率 (NPE) 为64.42 kg/kg,显著高于化肥处理;而单施鸡粪、猪粪处理的NPE与化肥处理相当,平均为55.14 kg/kg。与常规施肥量相比,加倍施用鸡粪、猪粪和化肥处理的显著降低NHI值和NPE值,而加倍牛粪处理的NHI与NPE值没有降低。牛粪、鸡粪、猪粪与化肥配施的处理间NHI与NPE值均未表现出显著性差异,且与单施化肥的处理相当。常规施氮量下,单施猪粪、鸡粪处理的氮素偏生产力 (PFP) 和回收率 (NRE) 接近,均值为分别39.67 kg/kg和41.85%,达到了单施化肥处理的水平,而牛粪处理的氮素PFP以及NRE仅为29.08 kg/kg和15.6%,显著低于化肥、鸡粪和猪粪处理。与常规施氮量相比,加倍施用牛粪、鸡粪、猪粪和化肥处理的氮素的PFP值平均降低了49.1%,氮肥NRE值平均降低了23.2%。牛粪、鸡粪、猪粪与化肥各配施比例处理的氮素PFP和NRE值均达到了单施化肥的水平。与单施化肥相比,单施有机肥以及有机无机配施没有明显提高土壤全氮含量,但显著提高有效磷和速效钾含量,单施鸡粪、猪粪处理土壤表层有效磷含量分别是单施化肥处理的5.82和7.06倍。【结论】推荐施肥量下,鸡粪或猪粪单独施用或配施少量化肥氮,牛粪配施75%左右的化肥氮可实现与化肥相当的氮素利用效率,同时提升土壤肥力。在实际生产中应根据有机肥特性调节有机肥与化肥配施比例,实现有机肥的科学利用。  相似文献   

15.
连续施用鸡粪对露地黄瓜产量、品质和土壤性质的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
  【目的】  在连续4年施用不同量鸡粪条件下,探究露地黄瓜产量和品质的提升效果以及土壤性质的变化,以明确露地黄瓜生产中鸡粪的适宜用量。  【方法】  以黄瓜品种‘津优35号’为试材,2015—2018年在甘肃张掖进行了连续4年的田间定位试验,试验设两个土壤类型 (灌漠土和潮土)和5个鸡粪施用水平:不施用鸡粪 (对照,CK),15 t/hm2 (CM15)、30 t/hm2 (CM30)、45 t/hm2 (CM45) 和60 t/hm2 (CM60) ,采用随机区组试验设计。于2018年黄瓜结果盛期,采集黄瓜整株和0—20 cm耕层土壤样品,分析黄瓜产量、品质以及土壤容重、pH、有机质含量和酶 (脲酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶) 活性。  【结果】  与不施用鸡粪 (CK) 相比,CM15处理增产效果不显著,CM30、CM45和CM60处理黄瓜产量显著提高26.4%~33.0% (灌漠土) 和48.7%~50.1% (潮土),这3个处理之间无显著差异;施用鸡粪不同程度地提高了黄瓜可溶性固形物、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖和Vc含量,降低硝酸盐含量,效果以CM15、CM30处理较好。土壤容重和pH降幅随鸡粪施用量的增加而加大,有机质含量增幅随鸡粪施用量的增加而增加,持续施用鸡粪30~60 t/hm2可显著提高土壤有机质含量、降低土壤容重和pH。土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶以及过氧化氢酶活性以CM30、CM45处理较高。黄瓜产量与土壤容重和pH呈显著或极显著负相关,与有机质含量、脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性呈显著或极显著正相关;黄瓜可溶性固形物含量与容重呈显著负相关,可溶性糖含量与土壤pH呈显著负相关,硝酸盐含量与土壤pH呈显著正相关,与有机质含量呈显著负相关,可溶性固形物和Vc含量与土壤碱性磷酸酶活性呈显著正相关,可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量与土壤蔗糖酶活性呈显著正相关。  【结论】  鸡粪施用处理降低土壤容重和pH,增加有机质含量和酶活性。鸡粪施用对土壤容重、pH、有机质和酶活性的改良效果与黄瓜产量效应值呈显著或极显著相关关系。黄瓜可溶性固形物与土壤容重,可溶性糖与土壤pH,硝酸盐与土壤pH和有机质密切相关。综合考虑鸡粪施用量在黄瓜产量、品质、改良土壤理化性状上的效果以及肥料效益,灌漠土和潮土均推荐施用30 t/hm2鸡粪。  相似文献   

16.
As a result of increased population, improved standards of living, and strict environmental laws, biowastes have been generated in huge quantities. Thus, land applications of these wastes are desirable, or even necessary, to keep the environment healthy and to conserve natural resources. Yet, the success of such uses requires knowledge of complex biochemical reactions when the wastes are applied to soils. To obtain this knowledge, we evaluated soil amendment properties, primarily nitrogen (N) mineralization/immobilization of six bio wastes when used as plant growth media. An immature yard trimmings compost, ground fresh corn stovers, a commercial peat moss, a chicken manure, and two biosolids were each mixed with a Mollisol at either 25 percent and 50 percent by volume for the plant based wastes, or at 2.5 percent and 5.0 percent by weight for the animal based wastes. Treatments with urea at 0, 70 and 210 mg N kg?1 were included for comparison. The treated soils were incubated moist for two weeks at which time they were sampled for chemical analysis, and planted to tomatoes. The results showed that those wastes, when added to soil, produced growth media with C/N < 15, and released inorganic N that increased dry matter yield of tomatoes many times over that of the unamended control. In contrast, a waste amended soil with a C/N > 20 immobilized some inorganic N, reduced plant growth, and caused N deficiency in tomatoes. Such a deficiency was characterized by low N concentrations in leaves (< 2.0 percent) and chlorosis, which corresponded to a color index of 0.25 or less. Biowaste amendments also affected soil P extractability differently: Chicken manure increased NaHCO3-extractable P many fold over the control, whereas corn stover, peat moss and raw biosolids did not. The yard trimmings compost and the anaerobically digested biosolids increased soil P moderately.  相似文献   

17.
【目的】土壤酸化是自然过程。随着农业集约化发展,土壤酸化在部分农田呈加速趋势,而施肥是目前农田土壤酸化加速的重要诱因,研究有机肥和化肥对土壤酸化的作用差异及机理,对合理指导施肥及耕地保育有重要的意义。【方法】通过测定不同施肥处理的不同组分有机质含量及酸碱缓冲容量,探明不同施肥处理的酸化影响,从土壤有机质和盐基累积角度对有机-无机肥料不同比例配施条件下土壤酸化特征进行了研究。【结果】① 连续5年在等氮量(N 270 kg/hm2)且有机-无机肥料不同配施比例的处理中,水稻产量以有机肥比例为25%~50%的处理最高,其平均产量比单施化肥处理提高了5.1%,比对照提高44.9%。但处理间无显著性差异;② 土壤各活性有机质及总有机质等指标中仅总有机质含量随鸡粪施用比例的增加而持续增加,不同比例有机无机肥配合施用后,土壤的高活性有机质及低活性有机质均高于CK和纯化肥氮处理,但随着有机肥投入比例的升高,除中活性有机质和水稻产量之间呈显著的正相关外(P=0.0067**),高活性有机质、活性有机质及总有机质含量与水稻产量之间的相关性不显著(对应的概率值分别为P=0.192,P=0.208,P=0.160);③ 施肥提高了土壤的碳库管理指数(CPMI),且其随有机肥施用比例的上升呈增加趋势。增施鸡粪提高土壤的交换性盐基离子(Ca2+、 Mg2+、 K+、 Na+)含量,导致阳离子代换量(CEC)和pH随鸡粪施用比例的提高而升高。供试土壤酸碱缓冲容量为2.07~2.36 cmol/kg,随鸡粪施用比例的上升而增加,其与土壤阳离子代换量及有机质含量呈显著正相关。表明增施鸡粪可使土壤pH及酸碱缓冲容量上升,与鸡粪使土壤盐基累积量及有机质含量的提高有关。【结论】连续有机-无机肥施用下,土壤pH上升和酸碱缓冲容量的提高可能与该试验点下盐基离子和有机质含量随鸡粪施用比例上升有关,但其最终上升幅度及平衡点尚需进一步研究。鸡粪氮替代化肥氮比例为25%~50%时,土壤性质最优,水稻产量最高。  相似文献   

18.
研究施肥对砂姜黑土可溶性碳淋溶的影响,对有机肥的可持续利用有重要意义。该研究依托33 a的长期试验,分析常规施肥(MF)、化肥+低量小麦秸秆(MFL)、化肥+高量小麦秸秆(MFH)、化肥+猪粪(MFP)和化肥+牛粪(MFC)等施肥方式对土壤剖面(0~60 cm)理化性质、微生物性状、可溶性有机碳(Dissolved Organic Carbon,DOC)和可溶性无机碳(Dissolved Inorganic Carbon,DIC)含量与分布的影响,探寻可持续的有机肥利用方式。结果表明,长期增施有机肥后0~60 cm剖面各土层有机碳、微生物量碳、氮均有不同程度提升,而对土壤全氮、容重和pH值的影响主要发生在0~20 cm表层。与MF处理相比,增施有机肥后0~20和>20~40 cm土层DOC含量均有显著(P <0.05)提高,而对>40~60 cm土层无显著影响。相对而言,0~60 cm各土层DIC的含量均有显著提升。长期增施有机肥后0~60 cm各土层DOC的UV280吸收值和芳香性指数分别较MF处理均有显著提高,其中以MFC处理最为显著,0~20、>20~40和>40~60 cm土层DOC的芳香性指数分别提高71.2%、153.3%和38.1%,这说明长期增施有机肥后土壤剖面DOC结构发生明显改变,芳香化合物含量提高,化合物结构变得更加复杂。逐步线性回归模型表明,土壤剖面DOC和DIC分布主要受pH值和微生物量碳的共同影响,且pH值的影响强度大于微生物量碳,而土壤剖面DOC化学结构受微生物量碳的影响。总体而言,外源有机物料投入的类型和数量是影响土壤剖面可溶性碳分布的重要措施,长期增施农家肥的碳淋失风险高于秸秆还田。  相似文献   

19.
Increasing use of N fertilizer for crop production necessitates more rapid estimates on N provided by the soil in order to prevent under‐ or overfertilization and their adverse effect on plant nutrition and environmental quality. A study was conducted to investigate the responses of arginine ammonification (AA), L‐glutaminase activity (LG), soil N–mineralization indices, corn (Zea mays L.) crop–yield estimation, and corn N uptake to application of organic amendments. The relationships between corn N uptake and the microbial and enzymatic processes which are basically related to N mineralization in soil were also studied. The soil samples were collected from 0–15 cm depth of a calcareous soil that was annually treated with 0, 25, or 100 Mg ha–1 (dry‐weight basis) of sewage sludge and cow manure for 7 consecutive years. Soil total N (TN), potentially mineralizable N (N0), and initial potential rates of N mineralization (kN0) were significantly greater in sewage sludge–treated than in cow manure–treated soils. However, the amendment type did not influence soil organic C (SOC), AA, LG, and anaerobic index of N mineralization (Nana). The application rates proportionally increased N‐availability indices in soil. Corn N concentration and uptake were correlated with indices of mineralizable N. A multiple stepwise model using AA and Nana as parameters provided the best predictor of corn N concentration (R = 0.86, p < 0.001). Another model using only LG provided the best predictor of corn N uptake (R = 0.78, p < 0.001). This results showed that sewage‐sludge and cow‐manure application is readily reflected in certain soil biological properties and that the biological tests may be useful in predicting N mineralization and availability in soil.  相似文献   

20.
Synthetic aggregates (SA) were developed as alternative potting media for ornamental plant production. Four different types of SA were developed from low productive acidic soil and paper waste with adding different types of compost amendments. Compost amendments used in the experiment were cattle manure compost, chicken manure compost, and leaf manure compost. Popular ornamental plant french marigold (Tagetes patula) was used in this experiment. SA with different compost amendments gave considerable physical and chemical parameters compared to commercial zeolite media. Moreover, plant grown in SA media showed better growth and nutritional parameters compared to plant grown in zeolite media. The plant height, number of flowers per plant, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root length, root fresh weight and root dry weight obtained from three different compost based SA were increased by in the ranges of 8.14--14.41%, 5.66--9.46%, 25.52--31.47%, 9.44--16.13%, 6.14--9.23%, 2.40--8.47% and 8.85--17.05%, respectively, compared to zeolite control.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号