眼斑拟石首鱼人工育苗技术

眼斑拟石首鱼（Ｓｃｉａｅｎｏｐｓ　ｏｃｅｌｌａｔｕｓ）俗称美国红鱼（ｒｅｄ ｆｉｓｈ）、红拟石首鱼、黑斑石首鱼、黑斑红鲈、斑尾鲈（ｓｐｏｔ－ｔａｉｌ ｂａｓｓ）、红鼓鱼（ｒｅｄ ｄｒｕｍ）、海峡鲈（ｃｈａｎｎｅｌ ｂａｓｓ）等,属鲈形目、石首鱼科、拟石首鱼属,系暖水性、广温、广盐、溯河性鱼类。原产于美国东南海岸,我国台湾和青岛于１９８７年和１９９１年分别引进此鱼,目前已在我国南方以及北方部分地区大面积养殖,是池塘和网箱养殖的优良种类。本文简要介绍眼斑拟石首鱼全人工育苗技术。１ 亲鱼成熟及产卵量１．１ …     

眼斑拟石首鱼的人工养成技术

报道了眼斑拟石首鱼对生态环境的要求、食性、营养需求、生长特点以及苗种的选择、运输、养殖、病害防治等技术。     

眼斑拟石首鱼池塘养殖实用技术

介绍了眼斑拟石首鱼的一般形态 ,对生态环境的要求 ,以及苗种运输、网箱暂养、池塘养殖等技术     

眼斑拟石首鱼池塘养殖实用技术

介绍了眼斑拟石首鱼的形态特点,对生态环境的要求,以及苗种的选择、运输、网箱暂养、池塘养殖等技术。     

眼斑拟石首鱼的生长

引言 眼斑拟石首鱼(Sciaenops socellatus)亦称红鱼和斑尾鲈，产在墨西哥海湾大西洋至图斯潘的马萨诸塞，深受渔民和消费者的喜爱。由于美国严格限制野生群体的商业捕捞，故眼斑拟石首鱼已成为重要的商业养殖鱼类，公共机构的养殖兴趣日益提高，公私合资在德克萨斯建立了—个孵化场，生产眼斑拟石首鱼鱼种进行野外放养。     

五种理化因子对眼斑拟石首鱼苗种的影响

报道了眼斑拟石首鱼苗种对盐度、有效氯、高锰酸钾、硫酸铜耐受力的实验,测定了它的呼吸耗氧量和窒息点：缺氧浮头时的溶氧值为1．86mg／L,窒息点范围为0．79～0．38mg／L。实验表明：有效氯毒性极强,高锰酸钾次之,CuSO4·5H2O较弱。采用1×10(－6)以下的CuSO4·5H2O处理眼斑拟石首鱼鱼苗是安全的。     

眼斑拟石首鱼暴发性传染病病原初步研究

1999年 8～ 10月广东沿海网箱养殖的眼斑拟石首鱼 (Sciaenopocellatus)流行一种暴发性传染病 ,经抗菌药或杀虫剂处理均无效。为查明病因 ,取病鱼镜检 ,未发现寄生虫 ,也分离不到细菌。电镜观察 ,可见病鱼的脾脏细胞内有截面为六边形、直径约 15 0nm的病毒颗粒 ,且脾、肝、肾都有一定程度的病变 ;用 2对日本所报道的虹彩病毒特异引物进行PCR扩增 ,在病鱼的脾脏样品中扩增出 2条大小与所报道的虹彩病毒扩增产物吻合的特征带 ,故初步认定虹彩病毒是眼斑拟石首鱼暴发性传染病的主要致病原     

一种危害眼斑拟石首鱼的寄生涡虫及其防治

眼斑拟石首鱼(Sciaenops ocellatus)俗称美国红鱼,又称红鼓鱼,是福建水产养殖业中重要养殖鱼类之一。它们生长速度快,对饲料的适应性强,饵料转化率高,一年即可养成1kg重的成品鱼,出口韩国,价格好。较之养殖大黄鱼具有成本低,经济效益好,资金周转快,成活率高等优点。福建省罗源湾的水质适于养殖美国红鱼,因此,近年大量投苗养殖,但     

眼斑拟石首鱼养殖密度与经济效益分析

眼斑拟石首鱼俗称美国红鱼、红鼓、白花鱼、红鱼、斑点鲈、尾斑鲈。其肉质细嫩、营养丰富、生长快、产量高。鉴于广东省珠海地区的塘租等费用较高,经济效益偏低,笔者于2008年9月进行了池塘精养高密度养殖试验,期望获取较高的经济效益。现介绍如下:     

多须石首鱼、眼斑拟石首鱼及其杂种在咸水塘养殖比较

鱼类杂交是渔业管理中生产具有理想水产养殖特征的放养品种最有用的技术。眼斑拟石首鱼(Sciaenops ocellatus)和多须石首鱼(Pogonias cromis)皆为有商业价值的石首鱼类，适于海水养殖。Henderson Arzapalo和Colura(1984)将雌性多须石首鱼与雄性眼斑拟石首鱼杂交，     

美国红鱼大规格苗种培育试验

经6个月室内人工育苗,共培育出约10cm的大规格美国红鱼苗种10.8万尾,其中从仔鱼到全长3cm的苗种成活率为75％,3－10cm大规格苗种的成活率为725。育苗中饵料系列为轮虫（2－20d）、卤虫无节幼体（12－26d）、配合饵粒（14d以后）。     

匙吻鲟苗种规模化培育技术

2010年4月14日至6月1日在湖北宜昌进行了匙吻鲟苗种的规模化培育试验示范。鱼苗培育在室内水槽内进行,放养密度800～1000尾/m2,改善水温、溶氧、流速等养殖条件,适时投喂适口饵料生物,经过15d养殖,获4cm左右的鱼种47.12万尾,成活率95%;鱼种培育在水库坝下池塘进行,放养密度30万～40万尾/hm2,以...     

美国红鱼池塘养殖技术

将10000尾10-15cm的大规格美国红鱼苗种,5月初放入盐度25-30,面积1.33hm^2的海水池塘中养殖,放养密度为7500尾/hm^2,饵料采用新鲜小杂鱼,虾。经4个月饲养,当年达到平均全长33.7cm,体重660g的商品规格,成活率达91.4%。饵料系数为4.2,取得了明显经济效益。     

Red Drum,Sciaenops ocellatus,Production Diets

Abstract

The replacement of fish meal with soybean meal in fish diets has met with varying degrees of success. Quite often, poor responses to high soybean meal diets are due to a reduced palatability of the diet when fish meal is removed. Recent work has demonstrated that poultry by-product meal can be used as a substitute for fish meal in practical diets for juvenile red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), indicating it may have favorable palatability characteristics for this species. The present research was designed to evaluate the replacement of menhaden fish meal with solvent-extracted soybean meal in practical diets containing 20% poultry by-product meal and formulated to contain 44% protein and 10% lipid. Test diets were adjusted for phosphorus and methionine content to ensure that minimal dietary requirements were maintained. The response of red drum (mean initial weight 179 g) to diets containing fish meal ranging from 40 to 5% of the diet, as well as the response to a low fish meal diet supplemented with krill hydrolysate, were evaluated over a 14-week growth period. Final weights (percent gain) ranged from 588 g (237.8%) to 651 g (258.5%), with feed conversion efficiencies ranging from 62.1% to 69.9% and protein conversion efficiencies ranging from 27.8% to 30%. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed for diet intake, feed conversion efficiency, protein conversion efficiency, intraperitoneal fat ratio, or weight gain. Significant differences in protein intake and the hepatosomatic index were observed. The present findings suggest that fish meal can be reduced to 5% of the diet by replacing it with solvent-extracted soybean meal as well as methionine and phosphorus supplements. Although diets without poultry by-product meal were not tested, it is presumed that the poultry meal enhanced the palatability of the diets, allowing the replacement of fish meal with soybean meal.     

美国红鱼的胃排空率

在实验室内,25℃条件下测定了体长为22.8±2.6cm、体重为237.8±74.2g的美国红鱼的胃排空率,并比较了线性、指数、平方根3种常用数学模型对其排空曲线的拟合程度。统计检验结果表明,3种数学模型都能很好地拟合实验数据,但通过统计学进一步分析发现,不论是用湿重还是用干重表示胃含物时都以线性模型拟合得最好,用湿重表示胃含物时,其模型为Y=92.93-3.33t(R2=0.94,P<0.001);用干重表示胃含物时,其模型为Y=97.00-3.36t(R2=0.91,P<0.001)。实验还得出在该条件下美国红鱼的胃排空率为每小时排出摄入食物量的3%~4%或每小时排出胃内残余食物量的6%~7%。     

Optimization of growout diets for red drum,Sciaenops ocellatus

Because of the high costs associated with feed inputs, as well as increased concern about waste production on fish farms, there is considerable interest in developing growout diets which are both cost effective and low polluting. In two 12‐week growth trials, the response of subadult red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, fed either a diet of 440 or 360 g protein kg^?1 diet (44% or 36%) with varying E:P ratios were tested. In the first experiment, five diets containing 440 g protein kg^?1 diet and one diet containing 360 g protein kg^?1 diet (reference) were offered to red drum (mean initial weight of 186 g). The five test diets contained 83, 103, 123, 143, and 163 g lipid kg^?1 diet, resulting in E:P ratios ranging from 34.3 to 38.9 kJ g protein^–1. In experiment 2, five diets providing 360 g protein kg^?1 diet and one diet containing 440 g protein kg^?1 diet (reference) were offered to red drum (mean initial weight of 145 g). Dietary lipid levels included 83, 123, and 163 g lipid kg^?1 diet, and dietary carbohydrate was diluted with 10% and 20% non‐nutritive bulk filler in two of the diets to result in E:P ratios ranging from 34.5 to 46.7 kJ g protein^–1. In experiment 1, no significant differences in mean final weight, mean weight gain, feed efficiency, protein conversion efficiency or hepatosomatic index were observed between the five test diets providing 440 g protein kg^?1 diet. Intraperitoneal fat generally increased with increasing dietary lipid. The results of experiment 2 indicate that amongst the test diets with 360 g protein kg^?1 diet, mean final weight, mean weight gain, feed efficiency, protein conversion efficiency and hepatosomatic index were not significantly different. Intraperitoneal fat significantly increased with increasing dietary lipid. In both experiments, fish offered diets with 440 g protein kg^?1 diet produced significantly higher growth and FE values as compared to fish receiving diets containing 360 g protein kg^?1 diet. This study indicated that subadult red drum are tolerant of shifts in E:P ratios and utilize a wide range of dietary lipid and carbohydrate without compromising growth.     

Evaluation of fisheries by-catch and by-product meals in diets for red drum Sciaenops ocellatus L.

This study evaluated various by‐catch and by‐product meals of marine origin with red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus L.). Four different kinds of by‐catch or by‐product meals [shrimp by‐catch meal from shrimp trawling, Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone)) processing waste meal, red salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum)) head meal, and Pacific whiting (Merluccius productus (Ayres)) meal] were substituted for Special Select? menhaden fish meal at 33% or 67% of crude protein in diets formulated to contain 40% crude protein, 12% lipid, and 14.6 kJ digestible energy g^?1. Each of these diets and three additional diets consisting of shrimp processing waste meal formulated on a digestible‐protein basis and two Pacific whiting diets containing reduced levels of ash were also evaluated in two 6‐week feeding trials with juvenile red drum (initial weight of 4–5 and 1–2 g fish^?1 in trials 1 and 2). Red drum fed by‐catch meal at either level of substitution performed as well as fish fed the control diet; whereas, fish fed shrimp processing waste meal diets had significantly (P≤0.05) reduced weight gain and feed efficiency ratio values compared with the controls, even when fed on a digestible‐protein basis. The diets containing Pacific whiting at either levels of substitution and regardless of ash level supported similar performance of red drum as those fed the control diet. Fish fed the red salmon head meal diet fared poorly, probably owing to an excessive amount of lipid in the diet that became rancid. Overall, by‐catch meal associated with shrimp trawling and Pacific whiting appear to be suitable protein feedstuffs for red drum.     

美国红鱼血清溶菌酶性质及其应用

用硫酸铵沉淀法对美国红鱼(Sciaenops ocellatus)血清溶茵酶进行初提,采用分光光度法研究pH和温度对该溶茵酶活力的影响,同时研究溶茵酶在高温条件下的稳定性及金属离子对其活性的影响.并试验该溶茵酶对奥尼罗非鱼生长和存活的影响.结果表明,美国红鱼血清溶茵酶的最适pH为6.84,最适温度为31℃;该酶在60℃以下活性稳定;Cd2 、Pb2 、Ag 、Mn2 等对美国红鱼血清溶茵酶具有非常明显的抑制作用,而Ca2 和Na 对美国红鱼血清溶茵酶具有激活作用.结果有助于该酶活力测定条件的进一步完善.以有效地测定鱼体非特异性免疫水平.同时发现用该溶茵酶处理奥尼罗非鱼,可提高其成活率.     

Dietary vitamin C requirement of red drum Sciaenops ocellatus

A feeding trial was conducted to determine the minimum dietary vitamin C requirement of juvenile red drum and characterize signs of vitamin C deficiency. Semipurified diets containing 400 g crude protein kg^–1 from lyophilized red drum muscle and crystalline amino acids were used in the feeding trial. The basal diet without supplemental vitamin C contained ≈ 6 mg vitamin C kg^–1 and was fed for a 1-week conditioning period. Red drum, initially averaging ≈ 3.6 g each, were fed diets supplemented with 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, or 150 mg vitamin C kg^–1 as ascorbate polyphosphate for a period of 10 weeks. Fish fed the basal diet began to exhibit overt signs of vitamin C deficiency, including reduced weight gain, lordosis, scoliosis and loss of equilibrium after 8 weeks. Total ascorbate was undetectable in liver of fish fed the basal diet while liver ascorbate levels in fish fed the other diets generally reflected dietary supplementation. Regression analysis of weight gain data using the broken-line model resulted in a minimum vitamin C requirement ( ± SE) of 15 ± 3 mg kg^–1 diet.     

Site fidelity and movement patterns of wild subadult red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus (Linnaeus), within a salt marsh-dominated estuarine landscape

Abstract  During summer and autumn 2002, 12 subadult red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus (Linnaeus) (261–385 mm total length) were surgically implanted with ultrasonic transmitters and released within the upper reach of the Duplin River Estuary, Sapelo Island, GA, USA. A fixed array of submerged receivers automatically recorded the time that individual tagged fish were detected at 10 sites within the study area. Ten red drum implanted with transmitters were located within the receiver array for 6–96 days post-release. All fish exhibited a high degree of site fidelity at low tide, and movements appeared to be influenced by both tidal and diel cycles. Dispersal on flood tides was observed, but destinations (upriver or downriver) and paths taken (main channel, intertidal channels or flooded marsh surface) varied among individuals. Flood-tide movements were generally restricted to daylight hours. If the start of flood tide occurred after sunset, fish remained stationary. Variation in details of movement patterns among individuals notwithstanding, predictable behaviour and strong site fidelity make subadult red drum vulnerable to recreational fishing in the restricted tidal channels of the tidal marsh–estuary complex. However, the same predictability provides fisheries managers a means of targeting specific areas for protection of over-fished populations of this species.