药物防治蝇害的研究进展

蝇害已经成为危害规模化畜禽养殖的重要问题。文章回顾了防治蝇害的三代杀虫剂的发展过程和存在的问题 ;展望了作为新一代环境友好防治蝇害药物的昆虫生长调节剂的开发前景。     

GRANULOMATOUS AND NEOPLASTIC DISEASES OF THE SKIN OF HORSES

Lesions encountered in a clinicopathological study of cutaneous lesions resembling 'swamp cancer' from horses in North Queensland included 37 cases of subcutaneous phycomycosis, 5 of which were also infected with Habronema sp larvae. In addition 9 cases of primary cutaneous habronemiasis, 58 sarcoids, 12 fibromas, 8 fibrosarcomas, 10 squamous cell carcinomas, 4 haemangiomas, 3 melanomas, 1 papilloma, 1 palpebral adenocarcinoma and 7 cases of simple granulation were diagnosed. Subcutaneous phycomycosis resulted in the most extensive lesions. These were rapidly growing and provided the poorest prognosis of all conditions studied. The incidence of phycomycosis in north Queensland was high in comparison to more temperate areas and appeared to be related to the wetter seasons. Young horses were more commonly affected. A fungus isolated from 3 phycomycotic lesions was tentatively identified as Hyphomyces destruens as no sporulation was observed.     

TREATMENT OF EQUINE PHYCOMYCOSIS BY IMMUNOTHERAPY AND SURGERY

SUMMARY: Treatment of equine phycomycosis with a vaccine derived from ultrasonicated hyphae of Hyphomyces destruens was attempted in 30 cases of clinical hyphomycosis, 10 cases of hyphomycosis following unsuccessful surgery and 5 cases of basidiobolomycosis. Approximately 53% of animals with clinical hyphomycosis were cured after vaccination, while a further 33% clinically improved. All horses with hyphomycosis treated within 2 weeks of unsuccessful surgery were cured. There was no response to vaccination with a Hyphomyces preparation in horses with basidiobolomycosis, while surgery alone resulted in a cure of approximately 69%.
Animals tolerated the vaccination procedures well. In all cases there was a moderate to severe reaction at the site of subcutaneous injection which subsided within 96 hours. In approximately 30% of injections a sterile abscess formed at the site but responded promptly to treatment. Response to vaccination at the site of the lesion was observed within 7 to 10 days of first injection. There was progressive reduction of pruritus, drying of the surface of the lesion, expulsion of kunkers, fibrosis of the granuloma, and eventually complete epithelialisation.     

透明质酸的制备及对奶牛急性浆液性关节炎治疗初探

以牛眼的玻璃 为材料，制备了高纯度透明质酸。其制剂用于治疗奶牛急性浆液性关节炎，获得了较好疗效。     

泰乐菌素的急性及蓄职毒性研究

对国产酒石酸泰乐菌素采用改进ｋａｒｂｅｒ法计算ＬＤ５０值，小白鼠和鸡分别为１２２２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，２１９０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，与国外报道小鼠＞５０００～６２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ、鸡２１２２～５４００ｍｇ／ｋｇ基本一致；由此说明该药对小鼠基本无毒，对鸡为低毒。本试验还对小鼠经２０天递增给药，蓄积系数大于５．３。提示该药可作为饲料添加剂长期服用不致引起蓄积中毒。     

THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF BIRDSVILLE DISEASE OF HORSES

In a feeding experiment with eight horses fed toxic levels of Indigofera dominii, the poisonous plant which caused Birdsville disease of horses, three of four supplemented with peanut meal and one supplemented with gelatin did not develop the disease. Two non-supplemented control horses, one supplemented with peanut meal and another who was fed gelatin but rejected it, contracted Birdsville disease. This experiment, along with treatment trials in field cases is presented as evidence of the value of arginine-rich protein supplement in protecting and treating horses against the toxic effects of Indigofera dominii. The possible mode of action is discussed.     

中卫山羊皮肤毛囊生长发育规律

对中卫山羊初生至周岁期间皮肤及毛囊生长发育做了系统研究。结果表明,中卫山羊毛囊群分布具有较高的稳定性,三毛囊群约占80.35％:初级毛囊在半岁前全部发育成熟,而次级毛囊至周岁龄前仍在继续发育形成,因此,S/P初生时为3.26,周岁时5.50;毛囊密度随年龄增长呈下降趋势,初生、1月龄、6月龄、周岁分别为54.50、47.60、39.06、35.74个/毫米~2;皮肤厚度、毛囊内外径及壁厚、毛囊深度及毛球宽度等随年龄增长而增大,但性别间差异不显著:表皮层和真皮层所占皮肤厚度的比例在各年龄阶段相对稳定,分别为3.5％和96.5％;毛纤维细度,密度以及绒毛与两型毛之比随年龄增长呈上升趋势;初生时皮肤厚度是影响周岁龄毛绒密度的决定因素,选择皮肤薄的个体留种有利于品种毛、绒产量的提高。