经济较发达地区稳定发展棉花生产对策探讨

经济较发达地区人多地少，农民择业机会多，人均收入高，交通发达，开放程度高，农业生产趋向高层次的集约化经营。本文分析了这些特点与棉花生产的关系，并围绕棉花价格，单产水平、生产成本这三个效益因素，讨论稳定发展棉花生产的对策问题，提出一些不同看法供作参考。     

经济发达地区粮食安全的对策——以浙江省绍兴市为例

本文以浙江省绍兴市为例,提出作为粮食主销区的经济发达地区,粮食安全的基本定位应是确保一定自给率基础上的供求平衡,粮食安全主要是供应安全。在工作思路上,要抓住本地生产、外拓基地和市场供应三个环节,建立健全基本农田保护、粮食生产发展、粮食储备、粮食市场和粮食应急保障等五大体系。     

我国南方稻区水稻产量差异及增产潜力

水稻是我国重要的粮食作物,我国有近60％的人以稻米为主食。1980年以来,由于工业化和城市化的发展所带来耕地面积的减少,以及人口的不断增长,粮食安全问题正日益受到人们的关注。挖掘水稻增产潜力,提高水稻单位面积产量,是发展水稻生产和解决目前粮食问题的主要途径。尽管从籼粳交常规育种、株型改良和优势利用等途径培育出不少 高产水稻品种,但根本上未能提高水稻实际产量。     

海洋经济——滨海地区可持续发展的必然选择——论盘锦发展海洋经济的思路与策略

介绍了盘锦海洋经济发展的现状及发展基本思路,并根据盘锦的地区特点提出提高认识加强领导,实施总体规划;立足资源、科学组织、稳步发展的各项产业;加大投入,科技先行,填补产业空白;突出特色、发挥优势做大滨海旅游产业等具体措施。     

经济发达地区浙江省提升水稻产业发展的路径——浙江省农业厅副厅长赵兴泉在第四届水稻产业经济论坛上的讲话

浙江地处经济发达地区,粮食生产与消费的矛盾突出,提升发展水稻产业对于保障粮食安全具有重要意义。浙江水稻产业经济发展新的路径是构建集约化、专业化、组织化、社会化相结合的新型农业经营体系。     

我国水稻生产中的立体污染及防治

本文运用农业立体污染的新观念,对中国稻田立体污染问题进行了剖析：表明：稻田不同程度地存在氮磷养分与农药流失问题,尤其是在集约化也程度较高的地区,秸秆污染也不能忽视;虽然目前对稻田甲烷排放量数据出入较大,但稻田是甲烷的重要排放源却不可否认;稻田污染对稻米品质有一定影响：防治稻田立体污染的基本对策是：建立稻田环境质量监控体系、开展稻区环境综合整治,实施生态种植与生态防治策略、采用环境友好型生产资料、实施精准化农业和稻田保护性耕作法。     

我国优质稻米开发现状与发展

一、优质稻生产开发工作回顾 ８０年代以来,我国各级部门采取了以下四项有力的措施发展优质稻米生产。一是组织开发：１９８４年以来,农业部及部属单位先后组织全国优质稻米生产座谈会、经验交流会、发展研讨会１３次以上,对促进全国优质稻米开发工作产生了重大的影响;二是开展优质米评选：农业部和备省都开展了这项工作,农业部在１９８５、１９８６年两次进行全国性的优质稻米评选工作,共评选出部优的优质品种近２００多个,此后在多次农业博览会上也评出了一批获奖的优质稻品种。各省先后评选出的省优稻米品种约有２００多个。为开…     

我国水稻生产机械化的重点、难点与今后的发展思路

近几年,我国水稻种植面积逐年减少、单产增长缓慢,与水稻插秧和收获机械缺乏,机械化手段没跟上有密切关系。随着我国南方地区特别是东南沿海地区经济发展水平的提高和产业结构的变化,农民收入稳步提高,择业机会增多,生产和生活观念也逐渐发生了变化,而水稻生产劳动强度大、农时季节劳力紧张、生产效率低的状况没有得到根本改变。这使得农民对水稻生产的兴趣逐步减弱,在减少种植面积的同时,用于水稻生产的劳动投入也在减少,增加物资和资金投入的积极性不高。因此,发展水稻生产机械化,增强水稻生产的物质技术基础,减轻劳动强度,…     

Agronomic performance of late-season rice in South China

Improving rice yields is critical for global food security. China is a major rice-producing country having two rice cropping systems, i.e. single-season rice cropping system and a double-season system with both early- and late-season rice. There have been reports on the sink-source traits contributing to high grain yield for single- and early-season rice, but such information is limited for late-season rice. In this study, field experiments were conducted at the research farm of Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China in the late rice-growing season. Grain yield and sink-source traits were compared among five cultivars (Guiliangyou 2, Teyou 838, Y-liangyou 087, Teyou 582, and Yuxiangyouzhan) in 2012 and then three cultivars (Guiliangyou 2, Teyou 838, and Y-liangyou 087) in 2013. Y-liangyou 087 produced 6–26% higher grain yield than did the other cultivars. This higher grain yield was driven by improvements in sink-source capacity. Sink capacity was 8–31% higher in Y-liangyou 087 than in the other cultivars. Well-balanced relations between spikelets m^?2 and grain weight was responsible for the higher sink capacity in Y-liangyou 087. The result was that Y-liangyou 087 produced 11–17% greater biomass (source capacity) than did the other cultivars. The greater source capacity in Y-liangyou 087 was mainly attributed to higher radiation use efficiency (RUE). Our study suggests that enhancing sink capacity through balanced relations between number of spikelets per unit land area and grain size, while improving source capacity through increasing RUE is a feasible way to achieve higher grain yield of late-season rice in South China.     

我国稻-麦两熟种植制度的创新与发展

中国是农业文明古国 ,早在７０００年前的新石器时代早期 ,就已进入“耜耕农业”阶段 ,约在５０００年前进入“犁耕农业”阶段。麦稻两熟始见于宋代 ,期间 ,水稻、旱粮间作复种耕作制度在我国长江流域已发展到相当规模 ,精耕细作技术已发展得相当完善。新中国成立后 ,增加粮食产量一直是我国农业生产的重点 ,改革种植制度、提高复种指数是粮食生产的重要途径。种植制度变革的重要标志是 ,双季稻种植北缘由原先的２８°Ｎ推进到３１～３２°Ｎ地区 ;稻麦二熟由原先的长江流域推进到华北平原的北缘(４０°Ｎ) ;１９７５年前后全国耕地复种指数…     

浅谈我国有机稻米生产发展前景与对策

来自于有机农业生产体系,按照有机稻米标准生产、加工并经过权威独立认证机构认证的稻米称为有机稻米。有机稻米在生产过程中不使用化肥、农药、生长调节剂等物质,也不采用转基因技术及其产物,而是遵循自然规律和生态学原理,采用一系列可持续发展的农业技术来生产。因此,有机稻米是真正源于自然、富营养、高品质的环保型安全食品。     

略论我国旱稻的生产及发展

一、我国旱稻生产的历史回顾１．历史悠久 ,基础扎实我国是水稻的发祥地之一 ,也是旱稻栽培的故乡。北魏贾思勰所著的《齐民要术》中 (第６０页 )就已将稻作分为水稻篇与旱稻篇并列记载 ,并详细地描述了各自的栽培技术。春秋战国时期孔子编著的《礼记》和管仲编著的《管子》中也有陆稻的称谓 ,说明我国在那个时代之前就已广泛种植旱稻了。到了２０世纪３０年代 ,农民不仅能从自然稻谷中择优选择种子 ,大面积种植 ,而且已经能够注意到品种的异地引种和对品种的改良选育了。１９３８年 ,河北抚宁县农民赵静山就从辽宁安东县引入旱稻并经过改良…     

Effect of nematodes on the sustained production of sugarcane in South Africa

An attempt is made to quantify the long-term benefit from the sustained production of sugarcane in South Africa using nematicides to reduce the damage caused by nematodes in each crop. The study was conducted using data from the plant crop and four or five ratoon crops from two trials located on similar sandy soils. Treatments comprised aldicarb and an untreated control, applied to a total of 10 sugarcane cultivars. Two cultivars were common to both sites. The plant parasitic nematode communities were similar at both sites except that Meloidogyne javanica was absent from one site. Yield of ratoon crops was correlated with the yield of the plant crop. Annual losses from nematodes were similar over successive crops. Data from both sites showed there to be a significant, positive correlation between yield of the nematicide treated plots and size of the response to treatment. Over a 4-year period, M. javanica alone was responsible for 30% of the losses, equivalent to 15 t cane/ha per year. The long-term effect of nematodes on sugarcane production was measured after calculating a logarithmic function from the observed yields of successive ratoons. Without a nematicide the time taken for the yield to decline to a threshold of 40 t cane/ha per year ranged from a minimum of 1 year in the M. javanica infested site to a maximum of 9 years in the other site. Treatment with a nematicide increased this period considerably. On the site with M. javanica it took a projected 20 years before the yield of one of the cultivars reached the threshold and 43 years for the same cultivar at the other site. The use of a nematicide increased long-term production, on average, by a factor of 3 at the M. javanica infested site and a factor of 5 at the other site. Differences between cultivars in the rate at which ratoon yields declined meant that, over time, the best cultivars at both sites were not the ones which gave the greatest annual yields during the first few crops after planting.     

关于泰州市蟹田稻米产业化发展战略的思考

稻田养殖是近年泰州市农业结构调整中比较令人瞩目的亮点之一。特别是稻鱼共作突破了以往单纯的水稻和水产的生产 ,集优质无公害（或绿色）稻米生产和水产养殖于一体 ,是一种高效生态农业的可持续发展模式。蟹田稻由于其特殊的生态环境和管理措施 ,是生产无公害、绿色大米的最佳原料 ,具有广阔的开发利用前景。一、诱人的开发潜力１．蟹田稻是泰州市极具特色的资源泰州市土壤肥沃 ,水资源丰富 ,生态环境优越 ,是全国重要的商品粮生产基地。其所辖的姜堰和兴化市 (县 )国家级生态示范县 ,是我国优质稻米三大主产区———长江下游粳稻区中最理…     

南方间签作大豆生产发展的现状与对策（Ⅰ）

1 南方间套作大豆生产现状近年来,在我国大豆生产徘徊不前的整体背景下,南方地区大豆生产呈现明显上升趋势.2008年,南方大豆面积达到2 205.4万亩,比上年度增加119.1万亩.除高海拔寒冷地区外,南方地区凡有农耕的地方几乎都有种植大豆的习惯.