木质地板防滑性能评价

基于国家和行业标准均未对室内常规木质地板防滑性能进行规定的现状,采用英国标准及相关技术要求的分类方式,对80批次不同饰面材料的木质地板,在干燥洁净、表面介质为水和食用油时的防滑性能进行测试。结果显示:表面介质是影响地板防滑性能的主要因素;油漆饰面类地板的防滑性能优于浸渍纸层压木质地板;铺装方式对地板的防滑性能影响较小。     

牛筋底并不防滑

好多人买鞋子,服务员多会介绍牛筋底的鞋子,说这种鞋底防滑。其实牛筋底的鞋子耐磨性是最好的,但天然橡胶鞋底最防滑。这是因为牛筋底在寒冷的冬天低温环境下会慢慢变硬,因此影响到鞋底的防滑效果。而天然橡胶底的耐寒能力要比牛筋底好。(摘自《生活百科》)     

防滑背带

防滑背带专利号：９６２２３７６２针对单肩挎包时有易滑下的缺点，现提供一种防滑背带。它只需在背带内侧，采取耗资１元的防滑措施，不需拱肩便可防滑；垂肩也不会滑下。其外表和上肩时还和通常一样。手不会有不舒适感。样品经试用合适。投资少，风险小，见效快。每条可...     

LQFM防滑路面材料工艺在园林绿化项目中的应用价值

本文介绍了一种用于防滑路面的彩色结合料LQFM。LQFM路面是由聚合物、树脂、软化剂、外加剂和以陶瓷颗粒为骨料的防滑彩色路面。笔者通过多次反复试验,根据济南四季天气温度变化特点,按照一定的混配比例,基于马歇尔设计法进行的路用性能测试,结果表明：LQFM防滑路面材料在零下28摄氏度低温下的抗变性,超过60度高温下的稳定性,水稳定性和疲劳特性等都远远超过进口沥青混合料的性能。本文主要介绍了LQFM防滑路面材料的性能及在园林景观中的应用价值。     

防滑降噪沥青路面磨耗层抗滑性能研究

为了研究防滑降噪沥青路面磨耗层的抗滑性能,跟踪实测了试验路段OGFC-13抗滑磨耗层的构造深度与横向摩擦系数,并与相邻密级配沥青路面试验路段面层的测量结果进行了对比,结果表明:防滑降噪沥青路面的构造深度随时间而出现衰减,但还是要比密级配沥青路面的构造深度大得多;防滑降噪沥青路面磨耗层横向摩擦系数出现持续增大的规律,与密级配沥青路面的变化规律不一致,防滑降噪沥青路面后期表现出抗滑特性优势。     

牛筋底并不防滑

正好多人买鞋子,服务员多会介绍牛筋底的鞋子,说这种鞋底防滑。其实牛筋底的鞋子耐磨性是最好的,但天然橡胶鞋底最防滑。这是因为牛筋底在寒冷的冬天低温环境下会慢慢变硬,因此影响到鞋底的防滑效果。而天然橡胶底的耐寒能力要比牛筋底好。(摘自《生活百科》)     

简述公路路面防滑

多年来随着交通量的飞速增长,各国对路面防滑问题的研究受到越来越大的重视,积累了不少经验。影响滑溜因素很多,所以如何提高路面防滑能力成为公路交通不可忽视的问题。     

木质地板滑倒风险评估

目前国家和行业标准均未对木质地板防滑性能进行规定和要求。通过定性、定性结合半定量、半定量三种评 估方法,对木质地板滑倒风险评估,综合评估结果显示,木质地板防滑性能良好,为低风险等级产品。     

防滑鞋托

防滑鞋托专利号：９６２３８４４２为防止雪天路滑、造成人身伤害事故，现研制一种最新防滑鞋托。该鞋托适用于各种规格、型号的男女鞋。使用时，只需将鞋托套到脚上即可。其结构轻巧、合理，防滑安全可靠，携带使用方便。适宜各大、中、小制鞋厂和橡胶制品厂等接产。可利...     

木质地板滑倒风险评估

目前国家和行业标准均未对木质地板防滑性能进行规定和要求。通过定性、定性结合半定量、半定量三种评估方法,对木质地板滑倒风险评估,综合评估结果显示,木质地板防滑性能良好,为低风险等级产品。     

重庆地区桉树无性系引种效果评价

以无性系DH32-29、EC14、C6、巨按、尾叶按U6为参试品种,对参试品种3年林的各项生长指标、抗逆性指标等进行了系统观测、评价。结果表明,在参试品种中,DH32—29的平均胸径、树高、材积生长量均最大,分别达到14．01cm,13．8m和0．1061m^3,DH32—29的耐高温干旱能力最强,在连续42℃高温下,造林保存率最高达89．26％;低温胁迫条件下,DH32—29耐寒性最强,寒害指数和寒害率均为0。试验证明,DH32—29可作为重庆西部低海拔生态区域的优良种源,并可在该地区退耕还林、速生丰产林、园林绿化中加以应用。     

森林冠层结构与功能及其时空变化研究进展*

林冠是森林与外界环境相互作用最直接和最活跃的界面层 ,同时 ,它本身又承载了森林生物多样性的主体部分。森林冠层研究的方法和技术在近些年取得了长足发展 ,从而促进了有关林冠结构与功能的研究。这些研究深化了人们对于林冠结构与光能截获以及群落干物质积累之间关系的认识 ,同时 ,对于森林冠层的物质循环和能量传输以及冠层内各营养级之间相互关系动态也有了更为深入的理解。考察森林冠层的结构与功能及其时空变化是深入理解整个森林生态系统的格局、过程及其运作机制的重要基础。     

Persistence of herbicides in forest nursery soils

The persistence of the four herbicides atrazine, hexazinone, lenacil and linuron was studied in forest nursery soils. The adsorption capacities of the soils for the chemicals were described by the distribution coefficients kj and k_oc. Due to the low content of organic matter in the soils the k_a‐values were low, in several cases being <1 for hexazinone. Hexazinone also had the lowest k _oc‐value (30) while the other substances had k_oc ‐values within the range 200–400. In some cases hexazinone showed great mobility under field conditions. The formula c=c_o‐kt^1/2 was used to describe the disappearance of the herbicides from the various soils. The rate of degradation of the four herbicides correlated well with the rate of respiration in the same soils in laboratory experiments, and for linuron reasonably well also in field experiments. In the field experiments the herbicides penetrated the top soil layer. In the subsoil the risk of further transport downward to the drainage system or ground water increased, especially for hexazinone. Linuron as well as the fungicides maneb and tolylfluanid suppressed the decomposition rate of hexazinone in laboratory experiments.     

两种危害松类的新叶蜂(膜翅目, 广腰亚目, 松叶蜂科)

本文记述了中国松叶蜂昆虫两新种,马尾松吉松叶蜂和油松吉松叶蜂。文中附有形态特征图4幅。     

Successive media to improve the in vitro rhizogenesis of Nothofagus nervosa (Phil.) Dim. et Mil.

In vitro rooting constitutes a difficult step during the micropropagation process of forest species. The successive media culture technique represents one way to overcome this barrier and includes modifying physical (e.g. photoperiod) and chemical (e.g. flavonoids) factors during the rooting phases. The aim of this study was to obtain a successive media protocol based on the incorporation of flavonoids during the in vitro rooting of Nothofagus nervosa. The factors evaluated were the type, concentration, and combination of flavonoids in relation to the rooting phases, the presence of IBA in the culture medium, the photoperiod, and the effect of flavonoids on total tissue peroxidase activity. The photoperiod used included a darkness period during the rooting induction stage and the presence of 0.61 µMIBA in the culture medium. The results showed that flavonoid incorporation at a concentration of 20 µM accelerated the appearance of roots and improved the quality of the already formed ones. Each type and concentration of flavonoid produced different responses, with (±)naringenin giving the best results. The latter caused a peak in the peroxidase activity that was absent in the control treatments. This work allowed identifying an optimized rooting protocol through a successive media culture technique that improved the speed of appearance, as well as the quantity and quality of roots for a single N. nervosa clone.     

Native woody species regeneration in exotic tree plantations at Munessa-Shashemene Forest,southern Ethiopia

Regeneration of native woody species was studied in the plantations and the adjacent natural forest at Munessa-Shashemene Forest Project Area, Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that tree plantations foster regeneration of native woody species. A total of 60 plots, having 10 × 10 m area each, were studied in monoculture plantations of 4 exotic species (Cupressus lusitanica, Eucalyptus globulus, E. saligna, Pinus patula) and an adjacent natural forest. Ages of the plantations ranged between 9 and 28 years. Soil seed bank analysis was also undertaken from soil samples collected in each of the 60 plots to examine the similarity between the soil seed flora and aboveground vegetation. A total of 56 naturally regenerated woody species were recorded beneath all plantation stands with densities ranging between 2300 and 18650 individuals / ha in different stands. There was a significant difference among plantation stands with regard to understorey density (standard deviation: 4836 ± 1341). Vegetation diversity was assessed through analyses of floristic composition, species richness and abundance. Generally, seedling populations were the most abundant components of the regeneration in most of the plantation stands, forming 68 % of the total regeneration count in all stands. A total of 77 plant species represented by 44 herbs, 13 woody species, 8 grasses and 12 unidentified species were recorded in the soil seed bank from all stands. Similarity between the soil seed bank and aboveground flora was very low implying that the role of soil seed banks is negligible rather dispersal plays an important role in the process of regeneration. These results support the concept that forest plantations can foster the regeneration of native woody species, thereby increasing biological diversity, provided that there are seed sources in the vicinity of the plantations.     

浅议野生动物所有权

野生动物所有权是所有权的一种,它与其他所有权的区别在于客体的不同。文章阐述了野生动物的内涵,分析了野生动物的分类和野生动物与野生动物资源的区别。在明确野生动物含义的基础上,提出了野生动物所有权的概念,深入论述了野生动物所有权与野生动物资源所有权的差异和联系,并对野生动物所有权的主体、客体、内容进行了分析。     

Log sawing positioning optimization and log bucking of tropical hardwood species to increase the volume yield

The sawmill industry is a very important link in the Mozambique forest products value chain, but the industry is characterized by undeveloped processing technology and high-volume export of almost unrefined logs. The low volume yield of sawn timber has been identified as a critical gap in the technological development of the industry. To improve the profitability of the industry, there is thus a need to develop methods and techniques that improve the yield. In this paper, different positioning of logs prior to sawing and the possibility of increasing the volume yield of crooked logs by bucking the logs before sawing have been studied. A computer simulation was used to study the cant-sawing and through-and-through sawing of the logs to determine the volume yield of sawn timber from the jambirre (Millettia stuhlmannii Taub.) and umbila (Pterocarpus angolensis DC.) species. The optimal position, i.e. the position of the log before sawing that gives the highest volume yield of sawn timber for a given sawing pattern when the positioning parameters, offset, skew and rotation, are considered gave a considerable higher volume yield than the horns-down position. By bucking very crooked logs and using the horns-down positioning before sawing, the volume yield can be of the same magnitude as that obtained by optimal positioning on full-length (un-bucked) logs. The bucking reduces the crook of the logs and hence increases the volume yield of sawn timber.     

Photosynthesis and biomass allocation of beech (Fagus crenata) and dwarf-bamboo (Sasa kurilensis) in response to contrasting light regimes in a Japan Sea-Type beech forest

Regeneration of beech (Fagus crenata) forests depends on the formation of canopy gaps. However, in Japan Sea-type beech forests, a dwarf bamboo (Sasa kurilensis) conspicuously occupies sunny gaps. Therefore,F. crenata seedlings must escape the severe interference ofS. kurilensis in the gaps and persist beneath a closed canopy of the beech forest. We hypothesized that the growth ofF. crenata seedlings in the understory would be favored by their being more plastic thanS. kurilensis in photosynthetic and morphological traits, which would support the matter production ofF. crenata seedlings in a wide range of light availabilities. To examine this hypothesis, the photosynthetic-light response of individual leaves and the biomass allocation in aboveground parts (i.e., the culm/foliage ratio) were surveyed at sites with contrasting light availabilities in a Japan Sea-type beech forest in central Japan. InF. crenata, photosynthetic light utilization efficiency at relatively low light was greater, and the dark respiration rate was smaller in the leaves of seedlings (10 cm in height) beneath the closed canopy than in the leaves of saplings at the sunny forest edge. The culm/foliage (C/F) ratio of theF. crenata seedlings at the shady site was small, suggesting effective matter-production beneath the beech canopy. On the other hand,S. kurilensis both in the gap and beneath the beech canopy showed low plasticity in photosynthesis and the culm/foliage ratio. Because the shoot density ofS. kurilensis was smaller beneath the beech canopy than in the gap, the light availability at the bottom of theS. kurilensis layer was greater beneath the beech canopy. These results suggest that the photosynthetic productivity of theF. crenata seedlings would be enough for the seedlings to survive in the understory with a low density ofS. kurilensis shoots beneath the closed beech canopy.     

Serological marking of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pnigalio agraules</Emphasis> (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) for field dispersal studies

The parasitoid wasp Pnigalio agraules (Wlk.) is a key natural enemy of the horsechestnut leafminer Cameraria ohridella Deschka and Dimić (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). As a basis for mark-release-recapture studies, aimed at investigating the dispersal of this parasitoid in the field, adults of P. agraules were marked using a vertebrate-specific immunoglobulin (IgG). The marker was later detected by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). The IgG was either applied externally by spraying or internally by feeding an IgG-enriched diet. Different concentrations of the marker were used and the influence of abiotic (climatic conditions, time elapsed between marking and marker examination) and biotic factors (sex and age of the parasitoids) on the detection of the immunomarker was tested. External marking by spraying led to more homogeneous labelling than feeding the marker. Parasitoids labelled with 0.25 mg rabbit IgG per ten individuals contained enough immunomarker to be easily distinguished from unmarked ones. Neither the climatic conditions nor the sex or age of the insects had an influence on the detection of the marker. The IgG remained well detectable during the entire lifespan of the parasitoids, which was not negatively affected by the marking procedure. Serological marking can be used to investigate the dispersal behaviour of beneficial insects within mark-release-recapture studies.