听听绿叶的声音

听听绿叶的声音来自树林的最平凡的声音白桦林里的阵阵掌声红松林里的滚滚涛声听听绿听的声音来自自然的最补素的声音白天她拔动阳光的金弦夜晚她荡起明月的涟漪听听绿叶的声音来自大地的最纯粹的声音岁月对于欢乐的渴望沧桑对于坎坷的收获听听绿叶的声音来自生命的最动人的声音春风起时她的欣喜秋风起时她的羞涩听听绿叶的声音来自心灵的最圣洁的声音青春是她的音符拼搏是她的旋律听听绿叶的声音@白河     

经济发达国家是如何应对森林火灾的

火灾是我们人类所面临的最大的敌人.他的发生不仅毁坏了我们的家园、给人民生民的生命和财产的安全带来严重的危害.更重要的是他严重地破坏了我们所生存的自然环境的自身的平衡,直接危害到我们赖以生存的地球的安全.因此预防火灾的发生、有效的控制火灾的危害,把损失降到最低是全世界的人们极为关心的问题.文章给我们介绍了世界上经济较发达...     

松干蚧的普查方法

“指挥员的正确的部署来源于正确的决心,正确的决心来源于正确的判断,正确的判断来源于周到的和必要的侦察和对于各种侦察材料的联贯起来的思索。”“作几次周密的     

以诗歌和绿色的名义

以怀古的心情怀念远祖的村庄试想用怎样的方式增大心脏的容量完成此生唯美的收藏把一棵树理解为成材的过程是荒唐的任何生长都有自己固执的走向把一朵花想象成爱意的装潢是荒唐的季节的表情产生于深处的独想借用一抷黑土酿制粮食的纯度借用一粒飞沙击打流浪的行程借用一叶秋愁压弯临冬的脊梁草茎与林木的风湿已深入膝踝和每一处骨节疼痛的长夜折磨事物无辜的睡床盘点库存还有多少骄傲的资本参加未来的邀请生态脆弱着已无力承载疯狂的放纵和铺张折下嫩绿的枝条就是折断春天的手指呵拘捕翠鸟的翅膀就是拘捕自由的歌唱呵开垦草原砍伐森林就是砍…     

绿色诗签(二首)

酷爱绿色的民族必须擎起千年的胡杨枝才能写好你的名宇水涨水落草枯又生你对树情有独钟钻天杨般伟岸的身躯那是家园不倒的旗帜松根般有力的足趾深深扎进沙地以白桦的俊美雕刻自己的面容抡起破土镘掘出坎尔井于是,就有绿色的篱笆墙有了青藤缠绕的小屋有了葡萄般明亮的眸子有了柳枝般飘动的发辫有了风摆杨柳般清洒的舞姿不信？请到这里来作客迎接你的首先是一片清凉的绿荫植树节感怀掀开三月十二日这张日历就掀动了绿色的春潮于是,我们就亮起绿色的眼睛滴下的雨,是绿色的飞过的云,是绿色的连天上的太阳也是绿色的我们放飞一组绿色的音符寄…     

河北漳河林场洋槐林地位级曲线

地位级是反映一定树种的立地条件的好坏和林分生产力的指标。地位级的优劣是以一定年龄的林分的平均树高的差异划分的,这种划分方法主要应用于树种单纯的同龄林。在森林经营工作中,对于立地条件的调查以及地位级的划分具有十分重要的意义,因为只有对森林生长的立地质量有一个清楚的了解,才有可能采取一定的营林措施改善立地条件,提高林分的生产力;同时,由于生长在不同立地上的林     

中国园林发展方向之我见

白雪皑皑的白山黑水,椰林高耸的南海琼崖,西北边疆的天出雪峰,锦秀江南的鱼米之乡,林海起伏的大兴安岭,水波粼粼的五百里滇池,一望无际的内蒙古大草原,四季鲜花的西双版纳;雄伟的泰山,奇险的华山,铁骨冰肌的黄山,秀逸飘然的武夷     

良好的常规是提高幼儿绘画水平的前提

绘画水平的提高离不开良好的常规的建立,良好常规的建立能引发幼儿与周围环境相互作用,进一步促进孩子们的动手能力的发展。在良好常规的建立中孩子们的倾听习惯的养成起着很重要的作用。在孩子们作画习惯和整理工具等方面的培养同样的是需要良好常规的支撑。     

关注《绿色大世界》

《绿色大世界》杂志是一个呼唤绿色的信使,翻开它,便犹如置身一个绿的海洋,使我们暂时忘掉了冰冷的钢筋、竖硬的水泥,忆起了荫翳的树木遍地的花草;远离了震耳的轰鸣尖锐的汽笛,靠近了呢喃的燕语婉转的莺啼;拂去了扑鼻的烟尘车尾的废气,迎来了带叶的朝露沁人的馨香,给疲惫已久的身心一片清凉。     

梨树的管理技术

梨树是我国的主要经济果树，要提高梨树的产量，梨树的管理至关重要。梨树的高产关键字各个季节的管理，春节的花期、夏季的病虫害、秋季的果园清理和冬季的修剪在梨树的整个生长期都需要精心的管理，“一分耕耘一分收获”。     

The challenge of information service development for private forest owners: The Estonia and Finland cases

This paper investigates forest ownership objectives and the need for information among Estonian and Finnish private forest owners based on two surveys. The motivation for the analysis is the fragmenting private forest ownership in Europe. The broad lines of ownership objectives are found to be similar in both countries, and can be described under the dimensions of economic objectives, intangible values, and products and activities provided by forests. In both countries, economic and intangible objectives are considered important at the same time. Thus forest owners can be described as multi-objective. The economic objectives are ranked as somewhat more important than non-economic objectives in Estonia, but not in Finland. Estonian forest owners most strongly emphasise information about legal and economic matters, including forest taxation and forest health issues, while Finnish forest owners emphasise information about wood markets and forest taxation. Differences between the two countries may be related to private ownership being relatively new in Estonia. Some generalisations may be drawn for European forest policy. Overall, private forest owners need both information about economic issues and personal advice on how to manage forests with regard to their individual and multiple objectives. Generally, personal advice may be concentrated on the complicated and most important themes, while information can mostly be provided via written or electronic channels. Particularly in countries where private forestry is new, there is a need for personal advice on legislative and economic matters. As a conclusion, it is suggested that efficient allocation of resources and development of information services require regular analysis of private forest ownership, and segmenting private forest owners according to their objectives and information needs.     

森林认证助推世界私有林及我国非公有制林业的发展

世界上绝大部分森林是私有林, 而随着我国集体林权改革的深入和国家政策的支持, 我国非公有制林业发展迅速。森林认证对促进世界私有林和我国非公有制林业的发展和可持续经营发挥了重要作用。在分析世界私有林和我国非公有制林业认证发展现状、模式和作用的基础上, 对如何推动我国非公有制林业认证提出了意见与建议。     

巴布亚新几内亚、菲律宾和斐济林业发展比较与分析

热带森林生态系统具有重要的生态系统服务功能和价值,然而人类社会发展正影响着其完整性和稳定性。以巴布亚新几内亚、菲律宾和斐济为代表的太平洋岛国拥有丰富的热带森林资源,但森林资源的过度采伐和土地资源的不合理利用正在导致热带森林面积急剧减少。文中介绍了巴布亚新几内亚、菲律宾和斐济这3个太平洋岛国的森林资源现状,着重分析和比较了这些国家的森林资源现状、林业管理体制、政策与机构,以及林业生产与贸易状况,以期为在“一带一路”倡议下我国开拓太平洋岛国地区国际市场提供重要信息支撑。     

Forest Taxes,Timber Concessions,and Policy Choices in the Amazon

Abstract

In many countries of Africa and Asia, timber production is dominated by concession contracts in public forests. In the neo-tropics, however, timber production occurs on both public and private lands; a mixture that moves countries of the neo-tropics towards the complex systems of forestry sectors in the developed world. Therefore, much of the forest taxation and public forest management literature that currently exists is pertinent to new forest policy decisions in developing countries. Unfortunately, the similarities between forest policies in the neo-tropics and those of developed countries have largely been ignored. This paper begins the process of bridging that gap to show how existing literature is important to the design of timber concessions and accompanying policy instrument design. Although the principles we discuss here apply in any mixed harvest forest economy, we use Brazil as an example because it is in the process of adopting a system of timber concessions in national forests. In our discussion, we suggest that concessions are not a perfect substitute for private forestry in the neo-tropics; concession and other instrument policies must be designed jointly; and because concession policies and government revenue objectives may be linked, the expansion of concessions must be carefully monitored.     

Skepticism of state action in forest certification and voluntary set-asides: a Swedish example with two environmental offsetting options

Non-industrial private forest owners in Sweden are encouraged to mitigate environmental damages from forestry on their properties under a principle of “freedom with responsibility,” although the level of mitigation is generally left to the owners’ discretion. One voluntary measure private forest owners are encouraged to take is setting aside a part of their productive forests for conservation. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate how non-industrial private forest owner beliefs concerning both their own and the Swedish state’s responsibility for nature protection differ among owners of certified forests, who automatically leave a set-aside, and those who have stayed out of forest certification but have decided to leave a set-aside. Results of a Heckman selection bivariate probit model show that the more a respondent believes the state is responsible for fulfilling environmental goals compared to private forest owners, the less likely it is that an owner of a non-certified forest will leave a set-aside for conservation. Beliefs about responsibility do not, however, differ among owners of certified and non-certified forests. From a policy perspective, Swedish government agencies may have difficulty steering specific measures taken by private forest owners who are interested in conservation but have stayed out of forest certification regimes.     

葡萄牙林业发展现状

介绍葡萄牙森林资源、林业政策法规、林业机构和管理体制、森林经营、森林保护、林产品贸易、林业科研教育现状, 分析其林业发展存在的主要问题, 在此基础上提出对我国林业发展的3点建议:1)在完善分类经营管理体系的基础上, 划分出适当区域和适当比例的森林作为多功能森林, 并且按照相应的经营管理体系对公益林、商品林和多功能林进行管理; 2)为了降低林产品对外依存度, 维护木材安全, 大力发展用材林特别是珍贵用材林战略储备基地建设; 3)大力培育林农合作组织, 提高森林经营管理效率。     

美国林业近况

美国森林资源丰富,不仅是当今世界林产品生产和消费大国,而且还是林产品的主要出口国,其在国际林产品市场中发挥着重要作用。美国森林特别是私有林在经营上,国家采取政策扶持、技术支持等一系列优惠政策,鼓励林业主和林业企业发展私有林。目前,从中央到地方,全国已建立了一个完善的林业管理体系,保障林业的健康发展。     

工业化国家的林业产业政策

工业化国家林业产业当前面临的主要问题是环境污染对大面积森林构成的严重危胁和对分散的私有林无法进行现代化经营。此外,尚有财政危机和某些国家的林产品过度依赖进口等问题。在90年代,甚至更长的时期内,发达国家林业产业政策的调整方向是,保护和改造现有林,通过实施分类经营战略发挥森林的多种效益,兼用行政和经济手段引导私有林的发展,进一步调整林产品结构和大力发展木材培育业。     

国外私有林现状及发展趋势

国外私有林历史悠久，私有林在提供林产品、林副产品、森林游憩等方面发挥了重要的作用，时至今日，私有林仍是国外林业建设与发展中的一支重要力量，各国政府对私有林十分重视，文中系统地概述了国外私有林的现状、组织形式、经营模式，分析了当前私有林存在的主要问题，预测了私有林的发展趋势。     

论多功能森林

近一两年来, 在我国关于发展"多功能林业"的舆论日渐兴起。其中有些意见比较中肯, 提出在多年大力发展速丰林和生态公益林的情况下, 今后应当重视多功能森林。而有的意见则把过去存在的一切问题都归咎于没有发展"多功能林业", 认为只要发展多功能林业就可以解决一切问题, 甚至把"多功能林业"杜撰成一个新理论。忽视多功能森林经营, 在强调生态功能的同时弱化经济功能, 把大面积的森林(甚至人工林)划为生态公益林而限制采伐利用, 甚至限制各种抚育性采伐, 的确是我国林业发展上的一个偏差。但是, 如果因此就不再重视发展商品林和生态公益林, 把全国的森林都搞成多功能森林, 那同样也是不妥的。为此, 文中将结合国外的情况介绍, 阐述"多功能森林"的一些问题。