云南圭山山羊及红骨圭山山羊的染色体核型及带型研究

作者采用外周血淋巴细胞培养及染色体分带技术,分析了云南圭山山羊和红骨圭山山羊的染色体核型和C-带带型及G-带带型。结果表明,两种山羊的染色体形态较相似,二倍体染色体众数为2n=60,其中常染色体29对全部为端着丝粒,X染色体相对长度介于1号与2号染色体之间为端着丝粒,Y染色体最小且为唯一的中端着丝粒染色体。两种山羊中都发现一定比例的体细胞染色体多倍体,比例分别为6.8%、9.4%。对2种山羊C-显带及G-显带的带型分析显示没有明显差异。     

伏牛白山羊染色体核型分析

试验采用外周血淋巴细胞培养及常规染色体标本制作技术,分析了伏牛白山羊的染色体核型,同时通过G-显带分析所呈现的带型对染色体进行分析配对.结果表明:伏牛白山羊染色体数目为2n=60;其中有29对常染色体和1对性染色体,母羊为60(XX),公羊为60(XY).所有的常染色体为端部着丝点染色体,X染色体为第2对大端部着丝点染色体,Y染色体是最小的而且是唯一的中部着丝粒染色体.数据处理后显示,公羊染色体的相对长度在5.64～1.12之间,母羊的相对长度在5.50～1.76之间.研究结果还显示,伏牛白山羊的染色体存在一定的畸形率,大约是6.7%.     

松辽黑猪染色体组型及显带的研究

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养方法以及C-显带和G-显带技术,对松辽黑猪进行了染色体组型分析及显带研究,并分析了各号染色体的相对长度、着丝点指数及臂比。结果表明,松辽黑猪的染色体数目为2n=38,公猪为3:8,XY;母猪为3:8,XX。松辽黑猪的C-带具有多态性,G-带带型与其他家猪相比没有明显差异。     

徐淮白山羊染色体核型研究1

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养及染色体分带技术分析了徐淮白山羊的染色体核型、C-带。结果表明，徐淮白山羊二倍体染色体数为2N=60，常染色体和X染色体均为端部着丝粒染色体．X染色体的大小介于1号和2号染色体之间，Y染色体最小．为中部着丝粒染色体，公羊核型为60．XY．母羊为60．XX。大部分常染色体和性染色体着丝粒部位显示阳性C带。     

金黄地鼠染色体组型和Ag-NoRs的研究

采用骨髓细胞染色体直接制片技术和银染带技术,对金黄地鼠染色体组型和Ag-NoR进行了分析。结果表明,我国饲养的金黄地鼠二倍体细胞染色体数为2n=44,5、10、14、20号染色体及X、Y染色体均为中部着丝点,16、17、19、21号染色体为端着丝点,6号染色体为近端着丝点,其余染色体为近中着丝点。银染分析显示金黄地鼠Ag-NoRs数目众数为3个,分布范围为1～5个,分别定位于12、13、18、20号染色体上。     

洛阳地区八点黑獭兔染色体核型与G-带研究

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养方法,对洛阳地区八点黑獭兔的染色体核型与G-带带型进行分析。结果表明:洛阳八点黑獭兔的二倍体染色体数为2n=44,公兔的染色体核型为44,XY;母兔的染色体核型为44,XX。21对常染色体中,1～8号染色体为中着丝粒染色体,9～11号染色体为近中着丝粒染色体,12～17号染色体为近端着丝粒染色体,18～21号染色体为端着丝粒染色体。X染色体为近中着丝粒染色体,Y为最小的端着丝粒染色体。八点黑獭兔的带型基本上与其他家兔品系的染色体带型一致。     

豚鼠染色体核型及带型的研究

用骨髓细胞染色体制备法研究了豚鼠染色体核型及带型。结果表明：豚鼠染色体核型为2n=64,雄豚鼠为XY,雌豚鼠为XX;在常染色体中,亚中着丝粒或近端着丝粒的染色体有14对、端着丝粒的有17对;X染色体为中着丝粒,Y染色体为端着丝粒。所有染色体均能出现明显的C带带型,其中常染色体和X染色体的着丝粒部位被深染,两个臂均为浅染;Y染色体几乎全部深染,极易识别。染色体标本经G显带技术处理后,豚鼠常染色体和性染色体的着丝粒区均浅染,两臂上显示出清晰的G-带带型。Ag-NOR s位于1、19、20号染色体上,Ag-NOR s的众数为3个,分布范围1~6之间,Ag-NOR s具有多态性,在不同的染色体上银染的颗粒大小、深浅度不同。     

种公牛1/29染色体罗伯逊易位的检测结果及其遗传效应分析

通过对夏洛来、利木赞、西门塔尔三个品种共98头种公牛染色体的遗传检测，在加系夏洛来牛中发现一例1／29染色体罗伯逊易位纯合种公牛及后代1／29罗伯逊易位杂合母牛一例。讨论了1／29染色体罗伯逊易位对繁殖性能的影响。三品种种公牛Y染色体均为中部着丝点，X染色体有中部着丝点和亚中部着丝点两种类型，在品种间呈多态性。     

金定鸭的核型、C-带和Ag-NORs研究

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养-空气干燥法制备染色体标本,对金定鸭染色体核型和带型进行了研究。核型研究结果表明:金定鸭体细胞染色体数目2n=78,染色体基本臂数为NF=84(♂)或NF=83(♀),1号染色体为亚中央着丝粒染色体,2号染色体为中央着丝粒染色体,Z染色体具有明显短臂,属亚端着丝粒染色体,其余常染色体和W性染色体均为端着丝粒染色体;性染色体按大小顺序排列,Z为4号,W为7～8号。C-带研究发现:W染色体整条深染,极易识别。Ag-NORs研究结果表明:Ag-NORs常位于1号、2号、3号、6号染色体及Z染色体和一对小染色体上,Ag-NORs数目分布范围为1～6,平均每个细胞的Ag-NORs数雌鸭中为3.04雄鸭中为3.06。     

草原红牛染色体核型与C带分析

采用外周血淋巴细胞短期培养及常规染色体标本制备技术,研究了草原红牛染色体核型及C显带,并着重分析了Y染色体的形态。结果表明:草原红牛二倍体细胞的染色体数目为2n=60,公牛为XY,母牛为XX,常染色体为端着丝粒染色体,X染色体为亚中部着丝粒染色体,Y染色体为中部着丝粒染色体。草原红牛C带带型特征与已报道的普通牛C带特征相一致:所有常染色体着丝粒区深染,常染色体臂和整个X染色体为浅染,Y染色体为半深染。     

Brain lesions of naturally occurring pregnancy toxemia of sheep.

The neuropathology and biochemical features of 17 sheep with clinical signs and gross necropsy features of naturally occurring pregnancy toxemia were retrospectively evaluated. The sheep ranged in age from 3 to 6 years and were of seven different breeds and three breed crosses. Thirteen sheep (case Nos. 1-4, 6-9, 11-14, 16) showed astrocytic nuclear swelling, hypertrophy and proliferation, and cerebrocortical neuronal necrosis. Seven of these sheep had Purkinje cell necrosis (case Nos. 2, 3, 6, 11, 12, 14, 16), and seven had vacuolation of cerebral and cerebellar sub-cortical white matter (case Nos. 1-4, 9, 12, 13). The neuropathologic features were similar to those of naturally occurring hypoglycemia of human beings and experimentally induced hypoglycemia of primates and the rat. The lesions seen in the sheep studied may have been caused by cerebral hypoglycemia, but data for blood or cerebral glucose concentrations were not available.     

经营田鼠染色体核型与G带分析

采用骨髓法制备经营田鼠染色体标本片,并对其染色体核型和G带进行分析。结果表明,经营田鼠体细胞染色体数为2n=38,雄性染色体核型由18对常染色体和1对异配型性染色体XY组成,雌性为18对常染色体和1对同配型性染色体XX组成。1～9号为端着丝粒（t）染色体（包括Y染色体）,10号为近端着丝粒（st）染色体,11～18号为中央着丝粒（m）染色体（包括X色体）。19对染色体共分布有370条G带（雄性365条）,其中深带190条,浅带180条。因此,经营田鼠的染色体数目、G带具有明显种的特征,与其他鼠类不同。     

Presumptive 1/29 autosomal translocation in Australian cattle.

A cytogenetical study was made of 9 descendants of a Charolais bull, heterozygous for a presumptive 1/29 translocation, three of the dams of some of these descendants, and three unrelated bulls which were mated to some of the descendants. Photographic karyotypes of Giemsa stained and C-banded chromosomes were prepared for each animal. The dams of the progeny showed no chromosomal abnormalities indicating that translocations were inherited from the sire. Three daughters of the Charolais bull and two of his grand daughters were heterozygous for the translocation, with a modal chromosomal number of 59, while the remaining three daughters and their progeny possessed normal karyotypes. No phenotypic abnormalities were observed in the animals examined. Measurements of the arms of the chromosomes suggested that the translocation chromosome (a large submetacentric) contained chromosomes 1 and 29. The submetacentric translocation chromosome had a single C-band, the two submetacentric X chromosomes showed no C-bands and each acrocentric autosome had a single C-band. All cattle heterozygous for the translocation showed normal fertility.     

固始鸡核型、G带的研究

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养法对固始鸡染色体核型和G带进行了研究。结果表明:固始鸡体细胞染色体数目2n=78,染色体基本臂数为NF=88,No.1、Z和W染色体为中央着丝粒(m)染色体,No.2、No.4、No.7染色体为亚中央着丝粒(sm)染色体,No.3、No.6、No.8、No.9、No.10为端着丝粒(t)染色体。G带研究表明:前10对大染色体(包括Z、W染色体)共可分为34个区,138条深带核和带。     

Mapping of rRNA gene loci in the mice, Mus musculus molossinus (Japan) and Mus musculus musculus (Russia) by double color FISH

Ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) loci of Russian Mus musculus musculus and of Japanese Mus musuculus molossinus were mapped by double color FISH. The total number of rDNA loci was varied from 5 to 12, although the loci on chromosomes 12, 15, 16, 18, and 19 were common to all mice examined. Instead, polymorphisms of the rDNA loci were found on chromosomes 1, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13 and 17. The novel rDNA loci of M. m. musculus were found in Nov/TUA strain on chromosomes 8 and 17. These observations, together with those of previous reports, suggest that the rDNA loci of Mus musculus species are in the evolutionary process of further translocation to other chromosomes.     

隐性白羽肉鸡(农大系)的染色体核型和G-带分析

本文运用鸡胚成纤维细胞系制备染色体和G显带技术,对隐性白羽肉鸡的染色体核型和G带带型进行了研究。结果表明:其二倍体染色体数目2n=78,性染色体组成为ZZ(公)和ZW(母)。根据着丝粒位置,1号,8号,Z和W为中着丝粒染色体;2号和7号为近中着丝粒染色体;4号为近端着丝粒染色体;而3,5,6,9,10,11和12号均为端着丝粒染色体,而另26对染色体为无法辨别的点状染色体。研究分析了前12对常染色体和性染色体的G带带型,并绘制了包含165条带(其中75条阳性带)的G-带模式图。     

贵州香猪染色体核型研究

以贵州香猪(久仰香猪、剑白香猪、从江香猪)为试验组,长白猪为对照组,用外周血淋巴细胞培养对其染色体核型进行研究。结果表明,各香猪类型及长白猪淋巴细胞染色体数均为2n=38;香猪染色体核型组成为10sm 4st 12m 12t,长白猪则为8sm 4st 14m 12t;性染色体雌性均为XX,雄性均为XY,X、Y属中着丝粒染色体,Y是中着丝粒染色体相对长度最短的一条;3,5,6,7和9号染色体的臂比值各香猪类型与长白猪相比,差异显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01);1,5,6,8,9和11号染色体的相对长度各香猪类型与长白猪相比,差异显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01);香猪类型间也存在一定差异。     

A quantitative trait locus genome scan for porcine muscle fiber traits reveals overdominance and epistasis

Muscle histochemical characteristics are decisive determinants of meat quality. The relative percentage and diameters of the different muscular fiber types influence crucial aspects of meat such as color, tenderness, and ultimate pH. Despite its relevance, however, the information on muscle fiber genetic architecture is scant, because histochemical muscle characterization is a laborious task. Here we report a complete QTL scan of muscle fiber traits in 160 animals from a F(2) cross between Iberian and Landrace pigs using 139 markers. We identified 20 genome regions distributed along 15 porcine chromosomes (SSC1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and X) with direct and(or) epistatic effects. Epistasis was frequent and some interactions were highly significant. Chromosomes 10 and 11 seemed to behave as hubs; they harbored 2 individual QTL, but also 6 epistatic regions. Numerous individual QTL effects had cryptic alleles, with opposite effects to phenotypic pure breed differences. Many of the QTL identified here coincided with previous reports for these traits in the literature, and there was overlapping with potential candidate genes and previously reported meat quality QTL.     

Cytogenetic characterization of the Madin-Darby bovine kidney cell line.

The permanent bovine cell line, Madin-Darby bovine kidney, was cytogenetically analyzed. Chromosomal staining indicated 52 metaphase chromosomes with variations from 49 to 54. The isochromosomes 5, 12, and 13, and centric fusions between chromosomes 1 and 26, 9 and 11, 9 and 24, 17 and 25, 18 and 23, 20 and 24, and 24 and 27 were considered marker chromosomes.