沙层厚度和粒径组成对覆沙黄土坡面产流产沙的影响

片沙覆盖黄土区是水蚀风蚀交错带内土壤侵蚀最为强烈的区域,研究该区内土壤侵蚀特征可对水蚀风蚀交错带水土流失的预报及防治提供理论依据。采用室内模拟降雨,研究黄土坡面不同覆沙厚度(2 cm、5 cm和10 cm)和沙层粒径组成(100%0.25 mm、75%0.25 mm+25%0.25mm、50%0.25 mm+50%0.25 mm、未处理原沙和100%0.25 mm)对坡面产流产沙的影响。结果表明,覆沙黄土坡面较黄土坡面的初始产流时间明显延长,产流速率和产流量减小,产沙速率和产沙量增大,降雨过程中产流产沙波动性增大,且这些变化随覆沙厚度增加而明显加强;沙层粒径组成在不同覆沙厚度下对坡面产流产沙的影响不同,2 cm覆沙厚度坡面在降雨前期随粒径变粗产流产沙呈增大趋势,降雨后期无明显变化;5 cm覆沙厚度坡面随沙层粒径变粗产流速率呈增加趋势,降雨前期上覆粗粒径沙层坡面的侵蚀速率高于细粒径沙层坡面,降雨后期恰好相反;10 cm覆沙厚度的坡面产流产沙随沙层粒径组成变化不明显。典型覆沙黄土坡面的产流过程为雨水垂直入渗―沙土界面潜流―沙层边缘渗流―地表径流,产沙过程为沙层边缘渗流侵蚀―沙层坍塌重力侵蚀―地表径流输移,明显不同于无覆沙黄土坡面的超渗产流方式及溅蚀―片蚀―细沟侵蚀的侵蚀发展过程。     

不同措施下粉煤灰产流产渣研究

利用径流小区观测法,对裸露、覆表土撒播草灌、撒播草灌3种处理的粉煤灰在自然降雨条件下的产流产渣进行定量分析,研究不同降雨条件下产流产渣的特征,并对不同措施进行效益评价。结果表明:(1)观测期内总降雨量为1 635.3mm,总降雨历时为791.09h,降雨集中在4—9月,降雨量为1 160mm,累积降雨侵蚀力达到7 216.22(MJ·mm)/(hm~2·h),占全年的92.41%。7月降雨量最大,达到409.60mm,平均雨强为4.61mm/h,I30最大到67.2mm/h;降雨以大雨、暴雨为主,降雨量达828.9mm,占50.69%。(2)产流产渣集中在4—9月,3种措施产流量分别为1.67,2.27,1.49m~3,产渣量分别为0.39,1.39,0.33kg,7月产流产渣最多,分别为0.72,1.06,0.67m~3和0.30,0.90,0.21kg;3种措施暴雨的产流产渣量最多,分别为0.82,1.16,0.80m~3和0.19,0.62,0.17kg;(3)降雨量与产流产渣的相关性最大,其次为I30、再次为降雨侵蚀力,与降雨历时相关性最小。产流产渣与降雨量、I30呈多项式函数关系,与降雨侵蚀力呈线性关系,与降雨历时线性关系不明显,产渣与产流呈多项式函数关系。(4)覆表土撒播草灌小区产流量、产渣量、侵蚀总量均最大,分别为2.98m~3,1.59kg,31.81t/hm~2,裸露小区次之,分别为2.24m~3,0.54kg,18.23t/hm~2,撒播草灌小区最小,分别为2.98m~3,1.59kg,31.81t/hm~2。与裸露相比,撒播草灌后产流量减少14.73%,产渣量减少5.56%,侵蚀总量减少40.65%,撒播草灌对粉煤灰减流减渣效果明显。     

降雨因子对粉煤灰产流产渣的影响

为研究降雨因子对粉煤灰产流产渣的影响,揭示粉煤灰产流产渣的规律,采用径流小区定位观测试验,研究雨季期粉煤灰径流小区在自然降雨条件下的产流产渣特征。结果表明:(1)观测期内总降雨量为1 160.0mm,侵蚀降雨量为720.7mm,7月份降雨、侵蚀降雨均最多,分别为409.6mm和217.1mm,暴雨的侵蚀降雨量最大,为280.1mm;(2)7月份产流产渣最多,3个小区的产流产渣量分别为0.72,1.06,0.67m~3和0.30,0.90,0.21kg,暴雨的产流产渣量最大,分别为0.62,1.02,0.73m~3和0.16,0.57,0.15kg,降雨量大于50mm的降雨产流产渣量最多,分别为0.79,0.98,0.53m~3和0.17,0.72,0.15kg,雨强大于40mm/h的降雨产流产渣量最多,分别为0.82,1.06,0.76m3~和0.21,0.87,0.19kg;(3)降雨量、I30、降雨侵蚀力与产流产渣显著相关,径流量受降雨量影响最大,产渣受降雨侵蚀力影响最大,受降雨历时的影响都最小。产流产渣与降雨量、I_(30)、降雨侵蚀力均呈多项式关系,产流与降雨历时呈线性关系,产渣与降雨历时线性关系不明显。随着降雨的持续,粉煤灰产流产渣也随之增加,侵蚀降雨量、降雨侵蚀力对其影响尤为明显。研究成果利于贮灰场粉煤灰流失的预防和治理,为贮灰场的生态恢复提供参考。     

伊犁河谷5种土壤管理措施减流减沙效果分析

伊犁河谷区域水力侵蚀等级中等偏强,分析土壤管理措施的减流减沙效果为土地资源的可持续利用和防治水土流失提供参考.本文采用野外人工模拟降雨试验,研究在10、20和36 mm/h 3种降雨强度条件下裸地、角果藜覆盖、木地肤覆盖、鱼鳞坑、水平沟等5种典型土壤管理措施的产流产沙过程,并分析比较不同土壤管理措施的减流减沙效果.结果表明:不同降雨强度下,裸地初始产流时间最短,水平沟未产流;降雨强度是影响产流产沙的关键因素之一,径流速率和含沙量随降雨强度的增大而增大;减流减沙效果由高到低的顺序为:水平沟＞木地肤覆盖＞鱼鳞坑＞角果藜覆盖＞裸地,木地肤覆盖、鱼鳞坑措施减沙效果明显.水平沟、木地肤覆盖措施减流减沙效果较好,可以在该区域防治水土流失中推广应用.     

湘西北小流域坡面尺度地表径流与侵蚀产沙特征及其影响因素

根据湖南西北部武陵山区女儿寨小流域2004-2008年间坡面径流小区降雨产流产沙的定位观测资料,对流域坡面尺度产流产沙特征及其影响因素进行了分析,为评价流域植被恢复提供参考。结果表明:灌木林和润楠林具有良好的保水减沙效益,油桐林相对较差,自然植被恢复同样带来良好效益,坡耕地年均产流产沙均为最高,反衬了植被与自然恢复措施较好的水土保持效应。降雨因子中,降雨量P与坡面产流产沙相关性最强,其次是降雨侵蚀力R,最大10 min雨强I10与坡面产流产沙相关性最小,其相关系数不到0.5;多元逐步回归分析表明,降雨因子对产流产沙的影响明显。坡耕地产沙随产流的变化趋势最大,其决定系数R2达到0.7693,灌木林最小,其R2仅为0.425。通过灰色关联分析,植被、地形、土壤相关因子对坡面产流产沙影响显著,关联度值均在0.5以上,植被总盖度对坡面产流产沙的影响均为最大,说明植被具有很强的水土保持功能,植被恢复仍是该区域今后改善生态环境的重要措施。     

不同植被类型下坡面径流侵蚀产沙差异性

利用野外模拟降雨试验分析不同植被类型不同雨强下坡面降雨入渗产流和侵蚀产沙过程特征及径流侵蚀产沙差异性,阐明了不同植被类型对坡面降雨侵蚀产沙过程的调控机理及其差异。结果表明:荒地、草地和坡耕地坡面产流产沙过程线均较林地强烈,呈现出多峰多谷的特点;植被类型和雨强及二者的交互效应均对产沙有显著影响,植被类型的作用大于雨强,交互效应相对较弱;植被类型和雨强对径流有显著影响,植被类型的作用大于雨强,此时交互效应的影响并不显著。各种类型的产沙量均存在显著差异,除荒地和草地两者径流量无明显差别外,其他两者之间存在显著差异。林地具有蓄水减沙的水土保持功效,草地具有直接拦沙的水土保持功效,植被对有效控制水土流失至关重要。该项研究有助于更好地理解植被、降雨和侵蚀之间的相互关系。     

暴雨下川东黄壤区不同径流路径调控措施对坡面侵蚀特征的影响

为研究川东区不同径流路径调控措施对黄壤坡面侵蚀特征的影响,设置3种坡度(25°,30°,35°)的稀疏型菱形网格(R1)、密集型菱形网格(R^2)和对照(R0)的裸坡坡面,基于人工模拟降雨试验,对比分析3种降雨强度(60,90,120 mm/h)下坡面的侵蚀过程与特征。结果表明:(1)相同坡度下,2种处理和对照组坡面在60,90 mm/h的雨强下初始产流耗时表现为R0R1>R^2,当坡度增大至35°和雨强增大至120 mm/h时,R1、R^2坡面的产流产沙速率逐渐接近甚至有稍微超过R0坡面的趋势。(4)与产流产沙过程相对应,R1、R^2坡面在不同坡度和降雨强度组合中,通常减沙效益大于减流效益,累积产沙量与累积径流量均成幂函数关系。研究结果可为揭示川东黄壤区坡面的侵蚀过程研究提供参考,为该区域的水土流失治理提供科学依据。     

密云水库上游流域次降雨坡面产流产沙特征

以北京市密云县石匣小流域为研究区,利用2006-2010年连续5 a的坡面径流试验小区观测资料,运用统计方法,分析了密云水库上游流域的降雨、产流产沙特征以及在不同土地利用和不同坡度条件下,降雨量、降雨强度与产流、产沙之间的关系。结果表明:1)该研究区域水土保持治理措施实施的关键时间为每年的7、8月份,当降雨量大于10 mm时,应注意采取水土保持措施;2)在裸地、耕地和林地条件下,高雨量、中雨强型降雨为导致产流、产沙的主要雨型,在草地条件下,中雨量、高雨强型降雨为导致产流、产沙的主要雨型;3)中雨量高雨强型降雨条件下,林地的减流效益最好,低雨量低雨强型降雨和高雨量中雨强型降雨条件下,耕地的减流效益相对较低,草地和林地的减流效益差异不大;在3种不同雨型条件下,耕地、草地和林地的减沙效益差别不大;4)裸地条件下,降雨量与产流量间的关系更为密切,尤其在14.4°坡面下相关性最高;耕地条件下,产流量与降雨量的相关性较好,产沙量则与降雨强度的相关性较好,11.4°的坡面产流量、产沙量与降雨因子间的相关系数最高;草地条件下,降雨强度与产流量间的关系较为密切;林地条件下,产流量、产沙量与降雨因子间的相关性均不显著。研究结果可为密云水库上游水土保持措施及农业面源污染管理措施的科学实施提供依据。     

砒砂岩区水力侵蚀下坡面微地貌变化特征及过程研究

解决砒砂岩区坡面的产流产沙问题对黄河流域生态安全具有重要意义,选取砒砂岩裸露坡面为研究对象,在自然降雨条件下采用野外径流小区实测结合三维激光扫描技术,分析13次有效降雨过程砒砂岩坡面微地貌的变化过程及产流产沙特征.结果表明,径流小区内坡面土壤平均侵蚀深度为26 mm,侵蚀区占径流小区总面积的95.27％,单位面积上侵蚀...     

黄土丘陵沟壑区不同土地利用类型水土流失效应

为了探究黄土丘陵沟壑小流域不同类型植被措施的水土保持效益,以地处黄河中游内蒙古段的圪坨店小流域为研究区,建立6个投影面积为5 m×20 m的径流监测小区,基于野外径流小区定位监测和降雨监测数据,分析不同年份降水特征和坡面不同土地利用类型(油松、沙棘、人工草地、天然草地、农田)对产流产沙的影响,并设置裸地径流小区作为对照,采用不同土地利用类型径流系数和单位面积侵蚀量与裸地的比值表征减流减沙效益。结果表明:研究时段(2014—2017年)内,降水集中分布在6—9月。不同土地利用类型的径流量和泥沙量差异显著(p<0.05),径流量最小的是油松林地,为(4.55±3.25)L; 径流量最大的是裸地,为(412.73±97.09)L。不同土地利用类型径流量具体表现为:裸地>农田(玉米)>天然草地(针茅)>人工草地(苜蓿)>沙棘>油松林。泥沙量观测结果与径流量类似,最小的是油松林,为(0.8±0.38)g/L; 最大的是裸地,为(87.36±15.37)g/L。不同土地利用类型径流系数和侵蚀模数差异显著(p<0.05),其中,农田径流系数最高,为12.26%±1.27%,油松林径流系数最低,为0.09%±0.06%,不同土地利用类型径流系数具体表现为:农田>天然草地>人工草地>沙棘>油松林地。同样的,油松侵蚀模数最低,是(0.002±0.001)kg/(m²·a),农田侵蚀模数最高,为(1.49±0.71)kg/(m²·a)。观测时段内,不同土地利用类型侵蚀模数与径流系数表现一致。综上所述,植被恢复能有效控制水土流失,不同植被措施的减流减沙效益有显著差异,具体表现为:油松>沙棘>人工草地>天然草地>农田。研究结果可为黄河中游内蒙古段植被恢复流域综合治理提供依据。     

低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响

【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。     

Pasture Vegetation Elemental Analysis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.     

Faculty positions:Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Biodiversity and ecogeography of wild Lactuca spp. in some European countries

Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions.     

Macroinvertebrates in North American tallgrass prairie soils: effects of fire, mowing, and fertilization on density and biomass

The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.     

Properties of anaerobically digested and composted municipal solid waste assessed by linking soil mesofauna dynamics and nitrogen modelling

We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass, soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration, N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially (<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils, indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea.     

Variation in quality parameters between and within 14 Nordic tree fruit and berry species

Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Potassium Fixation and Release Characteristics in Rhizosphere and Nonrhizosphere Soils for a Rapeseed–Rice Cropping Sequence

Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L^?1 nitric acid (HNO₃) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L^?1 ammonium acetate (NH₄OAc) and 1.0 mol L^?1 HNO₃ extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils.