猪无名高热综合征的发生及综合控制

“猪无名高热”也被称作猪高热综合征，发病率和死亡率均较高，主要发生在育成猪和部分母猪。病猪临床主要表现为体温升高、精神沉郁、食欲不振或废绝，呼吸困难、喘气，部分猪伴有皮肤发红变紫等症状，少数毛孔有出血点。从发病特点、临床症状、病剖检理、综合防制等方面进行论述，以作推广和交流。     

猪感光过敏症的诊断防治体会

2001年9月初山西晋中某猪场突然发生一种以头部，颈部，躯干，乳房等部位呈现水泡，疹块和皮炎等症状的疾病，经过现场调查，病理剖解等实验室方法检验综合诊断，确诊为猪感光过敏症，患猪经肌肉注射苯射苯海拉明和肾上腺素等综合治疗后取得了一定疗效。     

猪呼吸道疾病的综合防治方法

目前，猪呼吸系统疾病已成为我国许多规模化猪场和农村养猪大户十分关注的问题，这些疾病主要有猪繁殖与呼吸综合征、猪伪狂犬病、猪气喘病、猪传染性胸膜肺炎、猪传染性萎缩性鼻炎、猪链球菌病、猪肺疫、猪流行性感冒等。这些疾病在临床症状上易于混淆，诊疗不当常导致猪的大批死亡，造成重大经济损失。为此，我们可根据这些疾病特定的临床症状及病理变化进行鉴别诊断，采取综合防治方法。     

猪传染性胃肠炎的诊治

根据烟台市某猪场暴发的多数猪发生腹泻、间有呕吐症状为特征的传染病，通过流行病学调查、临床症状、剖检变化的观察等综合诊断，确诊为猪传染性胃肠炎。经采取相应的综制防制措施和对症治疗，收到良好效果。     

猪附红体与副猪嗜血杆菌混合感染的诊治

2007年7月至8月，河北唐山市某猪场猪群发病。发病率为30％，死亡率高达20％，给该猪场造成了巨大的经济损失。根据发病情况、临床症状、病理剖检和实验室检查等综合诊断，确诊为猪附红体和副猪嗜血杆菌混合感染。现报告如下：     

猪喹乙醇中毒

尤溪县某饲料加工厂养猪分场饲养菜猪20O头，1998年2月下旬起猪陆续出现精神沉郁、食欲减退或废绝、异嗜等症状，经过综合分析，诊断为隆乙醇中毒。回病们调查该批猪于元月27日进栏，平均体重17skg，开始喂自产的颗粒料，猪生长良好，于2月17日改为配合料饲喂，为了预防疾病促进猪生长，在配料时添加摩乙醇原粉，饲喂五周后，部份采食量大，生长快的猪先出现精神沉郁，食欲减退等症状。畜主自用抗生素治疗无效，且发病猪病症日趋加重，病猪日渐增多，至3月7日整群猪全部发病。216床症状病猪精神沉郁，体温正常，食欲减退或废绝，饮欲增加，…     

猪感光过敏的综合防治措施

猪感光过敏是一种以头部、颈部、躯干、乳房等部位出现水疱、疹块和皮炎等症状的疾病.本文介绍了发病原因,临床症状和综合防治措施,并指出患猪经肌肉注射磺胺嘧啶钠、肾上腺素等综合治疗后可取得一定疗效.     

一起猪传染性胸膜肺炎的诊治报告

2021年1月，周宁县某猪场保育猪发生体温升高、咳嗽、呼吸困难、呈犬坐姿势等症状的疾病，通过检查确诊为猪传染性胸膜肺炎，采取综合防治措施后取得明显疗效。     

猪附红细胞体、链球菌与副猪嗜血杆菌混合感染的诊治

2005年7月~8月，山东省东营市某养猪场，爆发地方性流行疫病。根据发病情况、临床症状、实验室检查和剖检变化等综合诊断，确诊为猪附红细胞体、链球菌和副猪嗜血杆菌的混合感染。通过采取合理的综合防治措施，本次诊治病猪238头, 治愈230头，治愈率达96.6% , 取得了良好防治效果。     

猪附红细胞体病及其并发链球菌病的诊治

近年来，在我国20多个省市发生流行猪附红细胞体病，，临床上常与多种传染病并发或继发感染。2004年7～8月，湖北省武穴市部分地区猪群爆发地方性流行疫病。根据发病情况、临床症状、实验室检查和剖检变化等综合诊断，确诊为猪附红细胞体病和链球病的并发症。通过采取合理的综合防治措施，本次诊治病猪1378头，治愈率达96．6％，取得了良好防治效果。     

浙江省淳安县发生桑叶菌核病的病原与发病规律调查

2011年秋季,浙江省淳安县的桑园大面积发生一种罕见的桑叶特大病斑病害。病叶呈现菌核病的典型症状:叶面形成灰褐色轮纹水渍状病斑,病斑随着病情发展以同心圆状向外延伸,颜色由里到外逐渐变深;叶背的灰色圆形病斑可见多个同心圆形绒毛状菌丝体和分生孢子。病斑与病斑外的部分组织以及病斑同心圆上的绒毛状组织于光学显微镜下可观察到菌丝体与分生孢子形态,病斑边缘组织块在PDA培养基上分离培养的病原菌都可观察到菌丝体形成的菌核。依据以上症状和病原真菌分离培养的形态特征,初步诊断该病为桑叶菌核病,病原为富克尔核盘菌[Sclerotinia fuckeliana(de Bary)Fuck.]。调查16个样点的480株桑树,株发病率为81.25%,叶发病率为37.63%,发病指数18.5。9～10月份气温24.4～18.7℃,多阴雨天,加之连片桑园通风透光能力较弱且相对湿度较大的环境条件,病原菌繁衍迅速,病害呈流行之势。尚未发现有明显抗性的桑树品种。     

犬牙周病的临床研究进展

牙周病(periodontal disease, PD)是由细菌在牙齿表面聚集形成的牙菌斑和牙结石逐渐侵蚀牙周组织,引发周围组织炎症的一类疾病。根据疾病的发展进程,可分为齿龈炎与牙周炎2个阶段。在小动物临床疾病中牙周病尤为常见,世界范围内约有80%的成年犬患有该病。由于饲主对于犬的口腔保健意识薄弱且该疾病隐秘性较高,患犬就诊时往往已出现牙周支持组织不可逆的损伤,细菌及其毒力因子通过血液循环进入全身从而引发系统性疾病的风险大大提高。但目前犬牙周病的核心致病菌属、菌群失调的原因与发病机制尚不明确。因此,笔者基于高通量测序方法的病原学研究结果,分析与疾病发展相关的微生物群。同时,整合目前世界通用的最新犬牙周病临床诊断分级标准及犬牙周病的中西医防治方案,分析犬牙周病与全身系统性疾病之间的相关性,系统综述犬牙周病在国内外小动物临床领域的研究进展,以期为该类疾病的临床诊疗提供理论参考,推进兽医师在临床实践中更高效地开展该类疾病的诊疗工作,并为犬牙周病相关的临床研究提供思路。     

Annual disease incidence in Colorado cow-calf herds participating in rounds 2 and 3 of the National Animal Health Monitoring System from 1986 to 1988

Thirty-nine and 47 randomly selected Colorado cow-calf operations participated in the National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) during rounds 2 (October 1986 to September 1987) and 3 (October 1987 to September 1988), respectively. Data on the incidence of disease conditions within each herd were collected by federal and state Veterinary Medical Officers and university veterinarians through monthly visits to the ranches. Annual disease incidence for disease classes and the most frequently reported individual disease conditions were determined and expressed on a per 100 cow basis. The mean annual disease incidences for all diseases in these herds were 48.8 and 47.7 new cases per 100 cows for rounds 2 and 3, respectively. The ranges for herd annual disease incidence were wide in both study years. The enteric disease class had the highest mean annual disease incidence in both years of the study, and this was primarily because of diarrhea of unknown cause in calves. Diarrhea of unknown cause accounted for approximately 25% of all new disease cases in both rounds of the study. The mean annual disease incidences were not different for any disease class between the two rounds. The data indicate that, on the average, diarrhea of unknown cause, pneumonia, dystocia, foot rot (interdigital necrobacillosis), pinkeye (infectious keratoconjunctivitis), respiratory tract infection, death of unknown cause, and nonpregnancy had the highest incidences in these Colorado beef herds during the study period. However, because of the wide variation of the predominant disease problems between herds, a herd's disease history as well as the common disease problems in the geographic area of a herd must be considered in designing a herd health program.     

新疆阿勒泰地区罗布麻锈病发生动态及影响因子

由罗布麻栅锈菌(Melampsora apocyni)引致的锈病是影响罗布麻(Apocynum venetum)产业化的主要因素之一。本研究于2016年调查了新疆阿勒泰地区盐湖、红沟两个野生罗布麻和6龄、7龄栽培罗布麻锈病的发生动态,分析了野生和栽培罗布麻锈病发生与气象因子和生境等的相关性。结果表明,锈病均随罗布麻生长期的延伸而加重,其中盐湖、红沟罗布麻锈病分别在7月18日、8月3日达到发病高峰,发病率分别为86.47%和87.60%,随后发病率逐渐下降,生长末期下降至75.97%和53.78%;6龄、7龄栽培区锈病发病率分别在8月7日、7月23日达到发病高峰,发病率分别为25.52%和31.49%。野生罗布麻锈病病情指数和病害曲线下面积(AUDPC)分别为31.39~46.18和651.74~1 522.31,较栽培罗布麻相应指标高6.51~6.95倍及4.37~9.69倍。野生区罗布麻锈病的发生与降水量和植被总盖度显著正相关(P0.05),与物种多样性指数显著负相关(P0.05);栽培区罗布麻锈病的发生与罗布麻盖度显著正相关(P0.05),与物种多样性显著负相关(P0.05)。     

Building a picture: Prioritisation of exotic diseases for the pig industry in Australia using multi-criteria decision analysis

Diseases that are exotic to the pig industry in Australia were prioritised using a multi-criteria decision analysis framework that incorporated weights of importance for a range of criteria important to industry stakeholders. Measurements were collected for each disease for nine criteria that described potential disease impacts. A total score was calculated for each disease using a weighted sum value function that aggregated the nine disease criterion measurements and weights of importance for the criteria that were previously elicited from two groups of industry stakeholders. One stakeholder group placed most value on the impacts of disease on livestock, and one group placed more value on the zoonotic impacts of diseases. Prioritisation lists ordered by disease score were produced for both of these groups. Vesicular diseases were found to have the highest priority for the group valuing disease impacts on livestock, followed by acute forms of African and classical swine fever, then highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome. The group who valued zoonotic disease impacts prioritised rabies, followed by Japanese encephalitis, Eastern equine encephalitis and Nipah virus, interspersed with vesicular diseases. The multi-criteria framework used in this study systematically prioritised diseases using a multi-attribute theory based technique that provided transparency and repeatability in the process. Flexibility of the framework was demonstrated by aggregating the criterion weights from more than one stakeholder group with the disease measurements for the criteria. This technique allowed industry stakeholders to be active in resource allocation for their industry without the need to be disease experts. We believe it is the first prioritisation of livestock diseases using values provided by industry stakeholders. The prioritisation lists will be used by industry stakeholders to identify diseases for further risk analysis and disease spread modelling to understand biosecurity risks to this industry.     

Swine vesicular disease: an overview

Swine vesicular disease (SVD) is a notifiable viral disease of pigs included on the Office International des Epizooties List A. The first outbreak of the disease was recognized in Italy in 1966. Subsequently, the disease has been reported in many European and Asian countries. The causative agent of the disease is SVD virus which is currently classified as a porcine variant of human coxsackievirus B5 and a member of the genus enterovirus in the family picornaviridae. From a clinical point of view, SVD is relatively unimportant, rarely causing deaths and usually only a minor setback to finishing schedules. However, the clinical signs which it produces are indistinguishable from those caused by foot-and-mouth disease, and its presence prevents international trade in pigs and pig products. This article reviews recent findings on all aspects of the virus and the disease which it causes.     

Environmental influences on the progression of clinical and microbiological parameters of sheep periodontal disease

The responses of some clinical and microbiological parameters of periodontal disease (PD) in sheep were examined subsequent to transferring animals between PD-affected and PD-free farms. Previously healthy animals showed transient deterioration in some clinical, but not microbiological parameters, which suggests either that a different microbiota to the one studied may be more important in the initiation of the disease, or that sampling did not intercept periods of destructive disease activity in the early lesions. In sheep with established disease, those parameters indicative of periodontitis which included pocket depth and bleeding on probing as well as the proportions of black-pigmented Bacteroides species were not significantly altered by environmental changes. This observation suggests that once the disease is established on PD-affected farms, the hand, some clinical signs of the disease including lengthening and mobility of incisor teeth increased in sheep on the PD-affected farm relative to the PD-free farm. This suggests that the disease may have a complex aetiology.     

Use of systemic disease signs to assess disease severity in dairy cows with acute coliform mastitis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of systemic disease signs for classifying severity of acute coliform mastitis in dairy cows. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. ANIMALS: 144 dairy cows. PROCEDURE: Cows were examined at the time of initial identification of disease (time 0) and classified as having mild, moderate, or severe disease on the basis of rectal temperature, hydration status, rumen contraction rate, and attitude. A CBC and serum biochemical analyses were performed, and milk samples were submitted for bacterial culture at time 0 and 48 hours later. RESULTS: 69 cows were classified as having mild disease, 44 as having moderate disease, and 31 as having severe disease. Median WBC and neutrophil counts were significantly lower in cows with moderate or severe disease at time 0 than in cows with mild disease. Band neutrophil count was significantly higher at 48 hours and serum calcium concentration was significantly lower at time 0 and at 48 hours in cows with severe or moderate disease, compared with cows with mild disease. Twenty-eight, 51, and 77% of cows with mild, moderate, and severe disease, respectively, had > 100,000 colony-forming units/ml of milk at time 0. The odds that a cow with severe disease would die or be culled were 3.6 times the odds for a cow with moderate disease and 11.2 times the odds for a cow with mild disease. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that a classification scheme based on readily observable systemic disease signs can be used to classify disease severity in cows with acute coliform mastitis.     

Molecular diagnosis of inherited neuromuscular disease.

Prevention of inherited disease in companion animals is largely dependent on prebreeding identification of carriers of autosomal recessive disease traits. Molecular diagnosis is emerging as a convenient and reliable method of carrier detection, but few molecular diagnostic tests of inherited neuromuscular disease are readily available. New test development depends on investigations to determine disease genes and the disease causing mutations. A general approach to molecular diagnosis of inherited disorders is discussed.