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国内外作物种质资源研究进展 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
现在全世界已已上集保存的作物种质资源有610万份,国际农业磋商小组(CGIAR http;//www.cgiar.org/),下设16个研究中心,保存种质资源60万份,其中国际植物基因资源研究所(IPGRI)是16个中心之一,是研究和协调国际作物种质资源的主要机构,我国收集保存的作物种质资源有36万份,建成了国家作物种质基因库和国家作物种质信息系统,对30万份资源进行了农艺性状鉴定和编目,对20万份资源材料进行了步的抗病史,抗逆性和优异性评价,是我国农业可持续发展的重要生物基因资源。 相似文献
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咖啡种质资源收集、保存、评价及创新利用研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
概述云南省德宏热带农业科学研究所开展咖啡种质资源调查、收集、引进、保存、评价及创新利用等方面的研究现状。收集咖啡种质资源5个种377份,保存325份,建立3.34 hm2资源圃并被农业部授牌;对圃内保存的种质进行农艺性状、抗病虫、抗旱、抗寒及品质性状鉴定评价;对资源进行共性、个性描述及共享利用;筛选优异咖啡种质18份,创制优异咖啡新种质13份,获得杂交组合后代49份,审定和认定咖啡新品种各1个,注册登记新品种5个,建立配套的种苗生产和栽培技术体系,新品种累计推广近30 000 hm2,为中国咖啡产业的发展提供有力的品种和技术支撑。 相似文献
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广东省农科院水稻所完成的“野生稻种多样性异地建圃保存技术研究及利用”课题,根据植物体无性繁殖遗传、细胞全能遗传以及低温干燥抑制或中止植物体种子生命活动等原理,进行野生稻种质异地建圃并保存及其它应用基础研究。建立了野生稻资源数据库。业已保存21个物种,4383份种质资源, 相似文献
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作为最基本的农业自然资源,牧草在草地畜牧业、生态环境保存和农业可持续发展方面具有重要作用。本文简述了热带亚热带草种质资源在华南地区的调查收集、保存鉴定及繁育保存的方法。自20世纪40年代以来,中国热带农业科学院热带牧草研究中心一直致力于热带亚热带草种质资源的收集、保存和利用。目前已建成完整的热带牧草种质资源保存利用体系,包括低温保存种子库、离体保存库及无性繁殖材料田间保存圃,已收集保存华南地区12科161属435种5 190份野生牧草种质资源,引进保存豆科和禾本科2科42属87种1 042份外来牧草种质资源。其中低温种子库保存6科96属207种2 870份,离体保存3科6属6种482份,无性繁殖材料田间保存3科8属10种341份。 相似文献
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《中国茶叶》1996,(2)
茶树种质资源收集保存和鉴定评价是国家在农业上的攻关项目,由中国农业科学院茶叶研究所主持,云南、广西、福建三省区农业科学院茶叶研究所参加,历时五年,取得了重要进展.五年来,已征集资源809份,分别进入国家种质杭州茶树圃和勐海分圃,使中国茶树种质资源圃保存的材料有6个种5个变种共2429份;完成200份农艺性状鉴定,取得74个项目14000多个数据,建立了资源信息数据库;通过对加工品质鉴定和生化成分鉴定等,筛选出优异种质资源34份,有适制红茶的,有适制绿茶的,也有适制乌龙茶的,其中有的种质材料还具有独特的品质成分;抗逆性和抗病虫性鉴定发现一批早生材料和抗病虫材料,为生产直接利用和提供育种需要打下了重要基础.在研究过程中,对茶种质香气组分进行分析,发现红茶、绿茶、乌龙茶的香气主体成分是香叶醇、芳樟醇 相似文献
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中国蔬菜种质资源的种类及分布 总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23
从1986年起,全国30个科研,院校单位参加了蔬菜种质资源的收集,整理,繁种更新,编目和入国家种质资源库长期保存的国家科技攻关。至1995年底,全国入库(圃)保存的蔬菜种质资源材料已达28765份,分属于21科67属103种。本文详细报道了各种蔬菜种质资源的数量,并分析了它们的分布范围和特点。 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):189-198
AbstractGrain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):415-432
Summary This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed. 相似文献
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以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。 相似文献
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Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the
water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during
mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal
resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No
such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m−2 s−1 between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop. 相似文献
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体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望. 相似文献
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Summary Potatoes were left in the soil from December, when the vines died, until February (cvs Claustar and Sebago) or April (cv.
Spunta) in a location of central Greece with light, well drained soils and a mild climate. Tubers were analysed every two
months for dry matter and sugar content and usually the dry matter content did not change significantly from December to February
or April. The reducing sugars increased from December to February in tubers of all cultivars and significantly decreased in
cv. Spunta from February to April. 相似文献
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Kenji Suzuki Tomonori Sato Yukiyo Yamamoto Jun Furuya 《Paddy and Water Environment》2008,6(1):129-137
In order to find the changes in rainfall characteristics and to examine the flood damage to lowland rice, a statistical analysis
was carried out on the 40-year daily rainfall record at four rainfall stations (Thangon, Paksane, Seno, and Pakse) in Laos.
The rainfall record was divided into two periods of 20 years each. The results of this analysis revealed the trends in changes
regarding the frequency and the timing of the heavy daily rainfall events at the four stations. In Paksane in particular,
heavy daily rainfall events tended to occur in the latter half of the rainy season. 相似文献
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马铃薯产量、品质、加工等方面都较其他作物有更大的提升空间,但由于四倍体马铃薯存在遗传基础狭窄且复杂、难以创新等诸多问题阻碍了相关研究的深入开展。利用马铃薯单倍体或双单倍体植株有望解决上述诸多难题。马铃薯单倍体具有加速育种过程、提高选择效率等优点。马铃薯单倍体的获得包括花药培养、花粉培养、孤雌生殖、子房培养。其中,花药培养因更易取材,并且得到胚性细胞团、愈伤组织或胚状体的几率更大等优点而研究最为广泛。获得单倍体植株的成功率与试验材料的基因型、培养条件、培养基添加物等诸多因素相关。根据不同的诱导方法简要阐述了中国马铃薯单倍体研究的历史及进展。 相似文献